Plug-in Vehicles The market and business case Karl Anders Fleet Consultant
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Transcript of Plug-in Vehicles The market and business case Karl Anders Fleet Consultant
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Plug-in Vehicles
The market and business case
Karl AndersFleet Consultant
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Contents
• Introduction to Plug-in vehicles• Market background• Building the business case
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Today is not about………
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Which is the odd one out?
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Market Background
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EVs are not that new
• EVs around since mid-19th century
• “La Jamais Contente” broke the land speed record in 1899, first vehicle to go over 100km/h (62mph)
• Peak popularity in 1912
• ICE vehicles rapidly took over
The New York Times 13th Oct 1906
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More recent vehicle technology evolving rapidly
2004201020112012
2013
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Now available to order
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Now available to order
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Still breaking records
• New world electric land speed record– Set on the 25th June 2013– 204.185 mph
B12 69EV electric Le-Mans Prototype
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What is a Plug-in Vehicle?
• Describes a variety of technologies that use electric drive
– Pure-EV or a Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
– Plug-in Hybrid (PHEV)
– Extended-Range Electric Vehicle (E-REV)
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What is a Plug-in Vehicle?
• Pure Electric Vehicle (BEV)
– Battery and electric motor replace fuel tank and internal combustion engine (ICE).
– Pure-EVs rely entirely on electricity for fuel
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BEV Cars
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Peugeot iOn Nissan LEAFRenault Zoe Z.E.
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BEV Cars
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Volkswagene-UP
Volkswagen Golf e-Motion
Ford Focus
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BEV Vans
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Renault Kangoo Z.E. Peugeot Partner Mercedes Vito
E-Cell
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What is a Plug-in Vehicle?
• Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
– Combined battery and an electric motor with an internal combustion engine (ICE)
– Both drive the wheels – the ICE used when the battery runs out or more power is required
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PHEV
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Porsche Panamera S
E-Hybrid
Audi A3e-tron
Toyota PriusPlug-in
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What is a Plug-in Vehicle?
• Extended Range Electric Vehicle (E-REV)
– Combines battery and electric motor with ICE
– Electric motor drives the wheels – ICE is a generator when battery is depleted
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E-REV
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Vauxhall Ampera Chevrolet Volt BMW i3
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How big is the typical battery?
PHEV E-REV BEV
5 kWh 15 kWh 20 kWh
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How far will it go?
PHEV E-REV BEV5 kWh 15 kWh 20 kWh
10-15 miles
30 miles 80 miles
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Building the Business Case – PIFI 100
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Plugged-in Fleets initiative
‒ PIFI
o 25 fleetso Final report – ‘Charging Forward’
‒ PIFI 100
o 100 opportunities available 2013/14o Bespoke profiles, NOT a single model
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PIFI 100 process flow
Identify the vehicle opportunity• Vehicle profiles / duty cycles that appear to work• Vehicles where there is an appropriate alternative
Understand the costs of all options • Carry out whole life cost analysis• Review the replacement cycles
Assess the recharging options• Understand the site requirements and costs• Review the additional charging options
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Whole Life Costs Analysis
• Costso Outright purchase or lease costs (PiCG/PiVG)o Fuelo VEDo Taxo Insurance
• How can they be cost effective?‒ “Even with the grants, aren’t they still too expensive?”‒ Balance running costs V procurement costs
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Whole life cost examples (PIFI)
• Pool car comparison
‒ Scenario will also replace grey fleet mileage @ £0.45 per mile
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3yrs / 12,000 miles p/a Ford Fiesta Peugeot iOn
WLC (excl fuel) £8,282 £8,605
Life fuel cost £3,048 £894
Life Total Cost £11,330 £9,499
Pence per mile cost 31.5 26.4
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Whole life cost examples (PiFI)
• Company car comparison
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5yrs / 12,000 miles p/a
Vauxhall Astra 1.6 Petrol Nissan LEAF
Life Cost (excl fuel) £19,800 £18,207
Life fuel cost £8,041 £2,551
Total Life Cost £27,841 £20,758
Pence per mile cost £0.46 £0.35
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Whole life cost examples (PiFI)
• Light van comparison‒ No congestion charge
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5yrs / 12,000 miles p/a
Citroen Berlingo Hdi 90
Renault Kangoo Z.E.
Life Cost (excl fuel) £17,130 £19,948
Life fuel cost £7,848 £2,636
Total Life Cost £24,978 £22,584
Pence per mile cost £0.42 £0.38
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Whole life cost examples (PIFI)
• Light van comparison‒ No congestion charge
‒ Annual fuel cost difference = £0.11 ppm
‒ Potentially viable if extended to 5yrs / 50,000?31
4yrs / 10,000 miles p/a
Ford Connect Renault Kangoo Z.E.
Life Cost (excl fuel) £12,051 £18,804
Life fuel cost £6,365 £2,009
Total Life Cost £18,416 £20,813
Pence per mile cost £0.46 £0.52
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Some of the challenges for pure EVs?
• Mileage profile‒ High daily mileage (80+ miles opportunity charging not available)‒ Low annual mileage
• Financial benefits of low operating cost not realised
• Vehicle specifications‒ Payload limits
• Recharging limitations‒ Duty cycle too intensive - No ‘down time’ to charge‒ No opportunity to charge at home - On-street parking etc.
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In summary
• Identify the vehicle opportunity• All fleets are different• Focus on vehicle / driver not whole fleet
• Understand the costs• Cost structure different to ICE• WLC specific to fleet essential
• One size doesn’t fit all
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Thank you