PLS 454/654 Comparative Study of the Maghreb. THE MAGHREB I. ALGERIA II. MOROCCO III. TUNISIA IV....
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Transcript of PLS 454/654 Comparative Study of the Maghreb. THE MAGHREB I. ALGERIA II. MOROCCO III. TUNISIA IV....
THE MAGHREB
I. ALGERIAII. MOROCCOIII. TUNISIAIV. LIBYA
TERMS TO KNOW
ISF FLN Ben AliMakhzen Qaddafi Green Book(PSD) Destour Party BouteflikaKing’s Dilemma
The King’s Dilemma(Maddy-Weitzman, Huntington)
Autocratic rulers may undermine their basis of power by adopting reforms, but may risk the same result if they do not do so
General model of authoritarian regimes of the middle east
REGIME: A = AUTOCRATIC LEADER M = MILITARY
CIVIL SOCIETY: L = LIBERAL FACTIONS I = ISLAMIST FACTIONS
OUTCOMES: Scenario I: Continuation of the Authoritarian Status Quo Scenario II: Islamization of the Political Sphere Scenario III: Acceleration towards Democracy
Democratic & Popular Republic of IIA. ALGERIA French colony until
independence (1962)
FLN One-Party State
1991 Islamic Salvation Front elections
1992 military forces ISF to dissolve parliament and resign 5-member High Council of State Appointed President Boudiaf
Assassination & civil war GIA, GSPC
1999 election won by Abdelaziz Bouteflika. Re-elected 2004 & 2009 (2014?)
Algeria 2011
Jan 9: Algeria vows to punish food rioters Five dead, 800 injured, 1,000
arrests
Feb 4: opposition groups go ahead with protests despite promises to allow more political freedoms. National Co-ordination for
Change and Democracy (CNCD) President Bouteflika to give
opposition air time and lift 19-year-old state of emergency
http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/01/09/132829.htmlhttp://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2011/02/201121943659150329.html#
IIB. MOROCCO
Alawite Kingdom 1912 French Protectorate 1957 Independent
Kingdom of Morocco Muhammad V & Hassan Makhzen (commander of the
faithful) National Front
1999 Muhammad VI & 2002 free-ish elections
Morocco 2011 The February 20th
movement
coalition of youth groups, labor unions and human rights organizations demanding a new constitution & greater democracy
“relatively small and peaceful”
http://www.npr.org/2011/02/20/133913195/Morocco-Next-Nation-Taken-By-Protests?sc=emaf
IIC. TUNISIA 1881 French protectorate
1956 Independence
1959: PSD (Destourian Socialist
Party) dominance & one-party state
1980s: multiparty elections
1987: Bourguiba replaced by Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali
Tunisia 2011
December 17: Mohamed Bouazizi self-immolation
spontaneous nationwide uprising 219 killed in all
President Ben Ali resigns
PM Ghannouchi forms emergency unity government
Promise elections & greater political rights. Replaced with caretaker government
Tunisian Government Commission on Political Reform
http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/index/481/tunisias-glorious-revolution-and-its-implications
“We might lose our freedom because we become too drunk on
freedom”
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/22/world/africa/22tunisia.html
IID. LIBYA
Italy: 1911-1942 “Allied Powers”: 1942-1951 United Kingdom of Libya
Sayyid Muhammad Idris I
1969 Revolution Col. Muammar al-Qadaffi Green Book: natural socialism Revolutionary Command Council
(RCC)…really? General People’s Congress “Direct democracy”: popular,
revolutionary, purification, volcano cttees…
Libya 2011
National Front for the Liberation of Libya (1981)
Islamist (MB) & secular pro-democracy (Movement for Change & Reform)
1984 failed revolution
Jan. 2011 Housing & corruption protests “Traitors of the West“: Facebook, Al-Jazeera, &
foreign journalists blocked & 200 killed City of Benghazi under anti-government control Tribal leaders railed against Gaddafi soldiers defecting to the opposition. senior Libyan officials resigning
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8335934/Libya-protests-140-massacred-as-Gaddafi-sends-in-snipers-to-crush-dissent.html?sms_ss=email&at_xt=4d61e7f2807c7cda%2C0
http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/4032.aspxhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/20/AR2011022004185.html?hpid=topnews