PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes -...
Transcript of PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes -...
![Page 1: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PLATE TECTONICS
![Page 2: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
WHAT IS TECTONICS?
• Tectonism is the faulting or folding or other deformation of the outer layer of a planet. It happens very slowly, on the scale of millions of years. Tectonic activity is caused by heat loss(cooling).
• As they have cooled, they have formed a strong outer layer —the lithosphere. Continued movement of hot material in the interior of the planet causes the surface to deform. The lithosphere may rise up or it may break and ride over itself.
• Large planets, such as Venus, Earth, and Mars, are large enough to have remained hot inside and still have active tectonism.
• The result is continents and ocean basins.
![Page 3: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Continental DriftWegener theory that the
crustal plates are moving
and once were a super
continent called
Pangaea.
This was supported by:
• Glaciers
• Mountain ranges
• fossil evidence
• rock type evidence
• matching of coastline
shapes.
![Page 4: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Mountain ranges in North America
(Appalachians), in Europe (Caledonians),
matched or lined up
![Page 5: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Alfred Wegener thought that the landmasses fit together like a
jigsaw puzzle. He called the land mass “Pangaea”.
![Page 6: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Investigations of glaciers also indicated
that the land masses on Earth were once
a supercontinent.
![Page 7: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Wegener found matching reptilian fossils
on either side of the Atlantic Ocean.
![Page 8: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Alfred Wegener’s theory explain his
theory on proving that the plates have
moved over millions and millions of
years.
• However, he could not explain HOW
they moved. Therefore his theory was
not widely accepted.
![Page 10: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Convection Currents
Harry Hess’s theory of “seafloor spreading”
Convection Currents are responsible for
plate movement.
![Page 11: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Plate Tectonics
• Continental Drift - theory that all the
continents were joined together called
“Pangaea”
• Evidence exists;
– Fossils, rocks, glaciers, coastlines
• Harry Hess – seafloor spreading
theory that explains convection
currents move the plates and the
acceptance of theory of plate
tectonics
![Page 12: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Types of Plate Boundaries
• Divergent
• Convergent
• Transform
![Page 14: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Red Sea
Mid-Oceanic Trench
![Page 15: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Oceanic Divergent Boundary
Example: Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Creates trenches and ridges
as well as new seafloors
![Page 16: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Divergent boundary of two continental plates.
Creates a rift valley and sometimes new bodies of water.
Continental Divergent Boundary
Example: Mid-Atlantic Ridge
![Page 17: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Continental Divergent Boundary
Example 1: Red Sea / E. African Rift
![Page 18: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Continental Divergent Boundary
Example 2: Baja California
![Page 19: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Divergence Types
• Oceanic-Oceanic
– Rift Valley, mid-oceanic trenches and
ridges new sea floor, Mid-Atlantic Ridge
– Newest rocks in the Mid-Ocean
Trenches.
• Continental-Continental
– Rift Valley, New shallower land, Red
Sea, new body of water.
![Page 20: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Subduction
![Page 21: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Oceanic Convergence Boundary
-the denser plate forced below the less
dense plate and volcanic islands can
form. The area where the crust is forced
below is called Subduction Zone.
![Page 22: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Example of Oceanic Convergence Boundary
JAPAN
![Page 23: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Oceanic - Continent Convergence
Example: Andes, Cascades
The ocean subducts, and forms a deep oceanic
Trench.
Convergent
boundary of an
oceanic plate and a
continental plate
may cause volcanic
mountains.
![Page 24: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Convergent boundary of two continental plates create
mountains.
Continental
Convergence
![Page 25: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Example: Appalachians,
Himalayas, Alps
![Page 26: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Convergence Types
• Oceanic
– Submersion, volcanic islands
• Oceanic-Continental
– Submersion, volcanic mountains, deep
ocean trenches
• Continental
– No Submersion, none-volcanic
mountains
![Page 27: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Transform-fault boundary where the North American
and Pacific plates are sliding against each other.
Example: San Andreas Fault
Transform/Fault Boundary
![Page 29: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Transform/Sliding Boundaries
• Fault lines – earthquakes
• Biggest Transformation Fault line in
California – San Andreas Fault
![Page 30: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
THE FORMATION OF ONE TYPE OF BOUNDARY OFTEN RESULTS IN THE
FORMATION OF ANOTHER.
CONVERGENT
DIVERGENT
![Page 31: PLATE TECTONICS - Mrs. Sikes - Homemarysikes.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/5/0/60508559/4_plate_tectonics_notes.pdf · Plate Tectonics •Continental Drift - theory that all the continents](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040902/5e7478cfb2dd1b5bea690621/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Plate movements are on the order of a few centimeters/year - about the
same rate as your fingernails grow!
Scotia Plate