Aircraft Deicing and Anti-Icing Fluid Storm Water Runoff Control Technologies

Larry GrayMANE 6960 Solid and Hazardous Waste Prevention and Control EngineeringRensselaer HartfordHartford, CT, USAApril 24, 2014

Plasma gasificationas aviable waste-to-energy treatment of MSWWaste-to-Energy Processes2IncinerationOxidizing reactionTemperatures 850C - 1200CExcess air for complete combustionCO2, H2O and heat

Gasification [Pyrolysis]Reducing reactionTemperatures 400C - 900CAir < stoichiometric air[Pyrolysis - thermal decomposition in absence of air]CO, CO2, H2 H2O CH4 and some heatPartial combustion provides heat to sustain process

Plasma gasificationReducing reactionTemperatures 1500C - 5000CAir < stoichiometric airCO, CO2, H2 H2O CH4 and heatRequires electricity input ( 1200 1500 MJ / tonne of waste), 15% - 20% of gross output energyPlasma Gasification Furnace3

(source: Zhang et al., 2012)

(source: Zhang et al., 2013)

Plasma Gasification Process4PlasmaHeating a gas to very high temperatures where molecules and atoms ionizeThermally and electrically conductivePlasma torchesElectric arcConcentric flow of air from torches to form plasmaSecondary air fed into melting chamber to control gasificationSteam can be fed into furnace to enhance syngas yield

Gasification Process5Water-Gas Shift:Gasification enhanced with steam:Gasification of MSW Solving for 7 unknowns: (3) mass balance equations (C, H, O) (3) equilibrium constant equations (1) energy balance equationPlastics and Rubber are Best Feedstock for Plasma Gasification6

Plastics / Rubber highest efficiency7 = syngas* LHVsnygas / ( waste * LHVwaste + PPlasma)Cold Gas Efficiency =where = mass flow rate of syngas and solid waste Pplasma = electrical power for plasma torch

Cold Gas EfficiencySensitivities8

Change in Air FlowChange in Temperature

Change in MoistureSummary9Lower emissions less amount of air to cleanReduced volume of waste - 6% to 15% of original volumeVery good means to disposing of hazardous and medical wasteVitrified slag is inert and could be used as filler materialFor best production of syngas and best efficiencies use MSW feedstock of plastics, rubber Syngas produced can be used to serve a variety of energy needsUse heat from syngas for district heating Electrical power generationFuel cellsMake liquid fuels