PLANTAGENET

1. GEOFFREY PLANTAGENET (nicknamed le Bel), Count of Anjou and Maine, Knt., son and heir of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, Countess of Maine, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine, born 24 Nov. 1113. He married at Le Mans, Maine 17 June 1128 MAUD OF ENGLAND, Empress of Almain, sometimes styled “Lady of the English” (rarely “Queen of the English”), widow of Henry V, Emperor of Almain (died 23 May 1125), and daughter and heiress of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy, by his 1st wife, Maud, daughter of Malcolm III (Canmore), King of Scotland. She was born at London 7 Feb. 1102. They had three sons (see below). By an unknown mistress (or mistresses), Geoffrey also had one son, Hamelin [5th Earl of Surrey], and two daughters, Emme and Mary (nun) [Abbess of Shaftesbury]. Maud was declared heir presumptive to her father in 1126. On her father, King Henry I’s death in 1135, she at once entered Normandy to claim her inheritance. The border districts submitted to her, but England chose her cousin, Stephen, for its king, and Normandy soon followed suit. The following year, Geoffrey gave Ambrières, Gorron, and Châtilon-sur-Colmont to Juhel de Mayenne, on condition that he help obtain the inheritance of Geoffrey’s wife, Maud. In 1139 Maud landed in England with 140 knights, where she was besieged at Arundel Castle by King Stephen. In the civil war which ensued, Stephen was captured at Lincoln in Feb. 1141 and imprisoned at Bristol. A legatine council of the English church held at Winchester in April 1141 declared Stephen deposed and proclaimed Maud “Lady of the English.” Stephen was subsequently released from prison and had himself recrowned on the anniversary of his first coronation. During 1142 and 1143, Geoffrey secured all of Normandy west and south of the Seine, and, on 14 Jan. 1144, he crossed the Seine and entered Rouen. He assumed the title of Duke of Normandy in summer 1144. In 1144 he founded an Augustine priory at Château-l’Ermitage in Anjou. Geoffrey held the duchy until 1149, when he and Maud conjointly ceded it to their son, Henry, which cession was formally ratified by King Louis VII of France the following year. GEOFFREY, Count of Anjou and Maine, died at Château-du-Loir 7 Sept. 1151, and was buried in St. Julien’s, Le Mans, Maine. In 1153 the Treaty of Westminster allowed Stephen should remain King of England for life and that Maud’s son, Henry, should succeed him. MAUD, late Empress of Almain, died at Rouen, Normandy 10 Sept. 1167, and was buried at Bec Abbey. At her death, her wealth was distributed to the poor, and to various hospitals, churches, and monasteries.

F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 34–37. Père Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 6 (1730): 3–21 (sub Anjou). W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 20 (Robert, Earl of Gloucester, styled “my brother” [fratre meo] by Empress Maud). F. Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104–108 (Maud, Abbess of Montivilliers, styled “sister” [soror] of Empress Maud). T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). W. Stubbs Hist. Works of Master Ralph de Diceto, Dean of London 1 (Rolls Ser. 68) (1876): 293 (sub 1150: “Dum Gaufridus Plantegenest comes Andegavorum rediret Parisius a curia regis Francorum, concessit in fata apud Castrum Lidii, sepultus est autem Cenomannis in ecclesia Sancti Juliani.”). C. de Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 96–135. R.W. Eyton Court, Household and Itinerary of Henry II (1878): 75n, 85n, 182, 244, 319, Index, sub tit. ‘Anjou, Comtes of.’ G. Demay Inventaire des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 4 (equestrian seal of Geoffrey Plantagenet). L. Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 2. A. Luchaire Études sur les Actes de Louis VII (1885): 138. B. de Broussillon Sigillographie des Seigneurs de Laval 1095–1605 (1888). J. Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 108, 125–128, 180. Genealogist n.s. 13 (1896): 1–10. J.H. Round Cal. of Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 32–34 (charter names Geoffrey’s brother, Hélie), 518, 539. E. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30–31, 45–47, 55–61, 97, 161–162. L. Froger Inventaire des Titres de l’Abbaye de Beaulieu du Mans: 1124–1413 (1907): 4. C. Urseau Cartulaire Noir de la Cathédrale d’Angers (1908): 225–228, 286–288, 311–314, 352–354. L. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d’Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 135–144. D.N.B. 13 (1909): 54–58 (biog. of Empress Maud: “… In (her) later years the harsh and violent temper which had marred one period of her career seems to have been completely mastered by the real nobleness of character… Germans, Normans, and English are agreed as to her beauty”); 15 (1909): 1284–1285 (“… Inveterate usage has attached the surname Plantagenet to the great house which occupied the English throne from 1154 to 1485, but the family did not assume the surname until the middle of the fifteenth century”). English Hist. Rev. 27 (1912): 417–444; 42 (1927): 569–572; 76 (1961): 649–654. C.P.R. 1266–1272 (1913): 206–207 (example of usage of title “Empress of Almain” for Maud). A. Angot Généalogies Féodales Mayennaises du XI au XIII Siècle e e (1942): 567. C. Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 353–354. J. Boussard Le Gouvernement d’Henri II Plantagenet (1956). H.W.C. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066–1154 3 (1968): 43, 156–157, 223–224, 233–235, 258, 331. G. Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 82 (sub Anjou) (erroneously identifies Emme, wife of Guy [V] “Sire de Laval as a legitimate daughter of Geoffrey, Count of Anjou). E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 35. Fam. Hist. 14 (1987): 69–79. H.M.W. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800–1400) (1987): XII.9, XIII.15, XIII.992–994, XIV.23. Trans. Royal Hist. Soc. 5th Ser. 38 (1988): 107–130. D. Williamson Kings and Queens of Britain (1991): 53. F. Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216 (1999). N. Vincent “William Marshal, King Henry II and the Honour of Chateauroux” Archives: Jour. of the British Rec. Assoc. 25 (2000) footnotes 64, 69 [corrects R.W. Eyton Court, Household and Itinerary of Henry II (1878): 85n, 319, and 17th Century genealogy of Chauvigny family (Bibliothèque Nationale Ms. Français 16789 f.37), both of which allege Raoul de Déols (died 1176), seigneur of Chateauroux in Barry, married a sister of King Henry II; see also C.P. 4 (1916): 313–314 (sub Devon) for evidence proving that Raoul de Déols married Agnes, daughter of Ebbes V, seigneur of Charenton, by whom he left a daughter and heiress, Denise (wife successively of Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, André de Chauvigny, and William, Count of Sancerre)].

Children of Geoffrey Plantagenet, by Maud of England:

i. HENRY II OF ENGLAND [see next].

ii. GEOFFREY, Knt., Count of Anjou and Nantes, held the castles of Chinon (Indre-et-Loire), Loudon (Vienne), and Mirebeau (Vienne) in France as his appanage, 2nd son, born at Rouen, Normandy about 1 June 1134. He died without issue 26 July 1158. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 37. E. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 46–47, 96–97, 161–162. L. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d’Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 370. J. Boussard Le Gouvernement d’Henri II Plantagenet (1956). J. Le Patourel Feudal Empires: Norman and Plantagenet 9 (1984): 1–17. F. Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216 (1999). M. Chibnall Piety, Power and History in Medieval England and Normandy (2000): XIV 111.

iii. WILLIAM LONGESPÉE (otherwise WILLIAM FITZ EMPRESS), Vicomte of Dieppe, of Throwley, Kent, North Luffenham, Rutland, and Acton and Oulton, Suffolk, 3rd son, born at Argentan 21 July 1136. In 1158 he gave the nuns of St. Mary of Mortain 40 shillings of Anjou annually from his manor of Ste. Mère Eglise [Manche]. In the period, 1159–63, he sought to marry Isabel de Warenne, Countess of Surrey [see WARENNE 2], widow of his cousin, William, Count of Boulogne and Mortain (son of King Stephen of England). The marriage was opposed by Archbishop Becket on grounds of affinity (he and her former husband being related in the 3rd degree of kindred). WILLIAM LONGESPÉE died at Rouen, Normandy 30 Jan. 1163/4, and was buried there in the Cathedral. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 37. A. Deville Tombeaux de la Cathédral de Rouen (1881): 164–165, 210. J.H. Round Cal. of Documents Preserved in France 1 (1899): 285. L. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d’Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 487–490. Rotuli de Dominabus et Pueris et Puellis de XII Comitatibus [1185] (Pipe Roll Soc. 35) (1913): 60. F.M. Stenton Early Charters from Northamptonshire Colls. (1930): 24–26. Early Yorkshire Charters 8 (1949): 13–14. C. Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 299–300. J. Boussard Le Gouvernement d’Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Genealogists’ Mag. 14 (1964): 365. E. Mason Beauchamp Cartulary Charters 1100–1268 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 43) (1980): 104. Coat of Arms n.s. 5 (1983): 153–156. C. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 100–102. J.C. Holt Acta of Henry II and Richard I (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 21) (1986): 152–153. D. Williams England in the 12 Cent. th (1990): 3 (William’s seal displays shield bearing a lion rampant). F. Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216 (1999).

Illegitimate children of Geoffrey Plantagenet, by an unknown mistress (or mistresses), _____:

i. HAMELIN, 5th Earl of Surrey, married ISABEL DE WARENNE [see WARENNE 2].1

ii. EMME, married in summer 1174 DAFYDD AB OWAIN, Prince (or King) of North Wales, younger son of Owain Gwynedd, by Christina, daughter of Gronw ab Owain ab Edwin. They had two sons, Owain and Einion, and two daughters, Gwenhwyfar (or Wennour) (wife of Meurig ap Roger Powys) and Gwenllian (wife of Gruffudd ap Cadwgon). In 1157 he took part in the ambush of Hawarden Woods. In 1170 he and his brother, Rhodri, attacked and killed their half-brother, Hywel ab Owain, in a battle near Pentraeth. In 1173 he attacked another half-brother, Maelgwn ab Owain, and drove him from Anglesey. In 1174 he ejected all his rivals, whereby he became ruler of the whole of Gwynedd. In 1175 he was attacked by his brother, Rhodri, and driven into the eastern half of Gweynedd. In 1177 King Henry II bestowed the manors of Ellesmere, Shropshire and Halesowen, Worcestershire on his sister, Emme. Dafydd subsequently settled in the Middle Country, where he resided in a castle at Rhuddlan, Caernarvonshire. In 1193 she restored the manor of Halesowen, Worcestershire to her nephew, King Richard I, in exchange for rents of other manors including Broom and Clent, Worcestershire. In 1194 Dafydd was defeated by his nephew, Llywelyn ap Iorwerth [see WALES 4], in a battle at Aberconwy, and, in 1197, was imprisoned by Llywelyn. He was released in 1198 by the intervention of Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury, and spent the rest of his life in England. DAFYDD AB OWAIN, Prince (or King) of North Wales, died about May 1203, having won the esteem of both nations by “maintaining a just balance between Welsh and English.” His widow, Emme, was living in 1212, and presumably died c.1214, when her name last appears in the Pipe Rolls. Modern descendants (not traced in this book). F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 37. R. Llwyd Hist. of Wales (1832). R.W. Eyton Antiqs. of Shropshire 10 (1860): 234–236. W. Stubbs Hist. Works of Master Ralph de Diceto, Dean of London 1 (Rolls Ser. 68) (1876): 397–398 (“Gaufridus Plantegenest comes Andegavensium, cum quadem Cenomannici generis consuetudinem habens non usquequaque licitam, filiam genuit Emmam, quam David Norwallensium princeps, regis Anglorum Henrici sororem intelligens, eam uxorem a fratre sibi dari summa precum instantia vix tandem obtinuit”). Pipe Roll Soc. 21 (1896): 9, 16, 94 (references in 1173/4 Pipe Rolls to “Sororis Reg[is] q[u]am Dauid fil[ius] Oeni duxit vxore[m]”); 25 (1904): 56–57; n.s. 1 (1925): 124; n.s. 2 (1926): 255; n.s. 3 (1927): 110; n.s. 5 (1928): 140; n.s. 6 (1929): 243; n.s. 7 (1930): 41; n.s. 8 (1931): 156; n.s. 9 (1932): xxxi–xxxii, 108; n.s. 10 (1933): 73; n.s. 12 (1934): 170; n.s. 14 (1936): 276–277; n.s. 15 (1937): 41; n.s. 16 (1938): 66; n.s. 18 (1940): 154; n.s. 19 (1941): 87; n.s. 20 (1942): 108; n.s. 22 (1944): 4; n.s. 24 (1946): 146; n.s. 30 (1954): 87; n.s. 35 (1959): 119. J.E. Lloyd Hist. of Wales 2 (1912): 616. VCH Worcester 3 (1913): 33, 51, 142–144. Dict. Welsh Biog. (1959): 98–99 (biog. of Dafydd ap Owain Gwynedd). Welsh Hist. Rev. 4 (1968): 3–20. W.L. Warren Henry II (1973): 167, note 3. P.C. Bartrum Welsh Gens. 300–1400 (1980) [Gruffudd ap Cynan 3]. U.

1 Ancestors of Robert Abell, Dannett Abney, Elizabeth Alsop, Samuel Argall, William Asfordby, Barbara Aubrey, Charles Barham,

Christopher Batt, Henry, Thomas & William Batte, Anne Baynton, Marmaduke Beckwith, Richard & William Bernard, John Bevan, Essex Beville, William Bladen, George & Nehemiah Blakiston, Joseph Bolles, Thomas Booth, Elizabeth Bosvile, Mary Bourchier, Stephen Bull, Giles, George & Robert Brent, Nathaniel Browne, Obadiah Bruen, Stephen Bull, Nathaniel Burrough, Elizabeth Butler, Charles Calvert, Edward Carleton, Kenelm Cheseldine, Grace Chetwode, Jeremy Clarke, Matthew Clarkson, James & Norton Claypoole, St. Leger Codd, Henry Corbin, Elizabeth Coytemore, Francis Dade, Humphrey Davie, Frances, Jane & Katherine Deighton, Edward Digges, Thomas Dudley, Rowland Ellis, William Farrar, John Fenwick, Henry Filmer, John Fisher, Henry Fleete, Edward Foliot, Thomas Gerard, William Goddard, Muriel Gurdon, Mary Gye, Katherine Hamby, Elizabeth & John Harleston, Warham Horsmanden, Anne Humphrey, Daniel & John Humphrey, Edmund Jennings, Edmund, Edward, Richard, & Matthew Kempe, Mary Launce, Hannah, Samuel & Sarah Levis, Thomas Ligon, Nathaniel Littleton, Thomas Lloyd, Anne Lovelace, Henry, Nicholas and Jane Lowe, Percival Lowell, Gabriel, Roger & Sarah Ludlow, Thomas Lunsford, Simon Lynde, Agnes Mackworth, Roger & Thomas Mallory, Anne, Elizabeth & John Mansfield, Oliver Manwaring, Anne & Katherine Marbury, Elizabeth Marshall, Anne Mauleverer, Richard More, Joseph & Mary Need, John Nelson, Philip & Thomas Nelson, Ellen Newton, Joshua & Rebecca Owen, Thomas Owsley, John Oxenbridge, Richard Palgrave, Richard Parker, Herbert Pelham, Robert Peyton, William & Elizabeth Pole, Henry & William Randolph, Edward Raynsford, George Reade, William Rodney, Thomas Rudyard, Elizabeth Saint John, Katherine Saint Leger, Richard Saltonstall, Anthony Savage, William Skepper, Diana & Grey Skipwith, Mary Johanna Somerset, John Stockman, John Throckmorton, Samuel & William Torrey, John & Lawrence Washington, Olive Welby, John West, Amy Willis, Thomas Wingfield, Mary Wolseley, Hawte Wyatt, George Yate.

Rees Cartulary of Haughmond Abbey (1985): 68–69, 137, 159–160, 216 (Emme styled “King Henry’s sister” in her charter dated 1186/94). E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 51. [Note: Emme of Anjou is sometimes confused in print with Emme (living 1208), wife of Guy V de Laval, seigneur of Laval. Emme de Laval is identified in a charter to Evron Abbey as “daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall,” which Reynold was an illegitimate son of Henry I, King of England. For particulars, see A. Angot Généalogies Féodales Mayennaises du XI au XIII Siècle

e

e (1942): 292–295; NEHGR 119 (1965): 94–102; 120 (1966): 230].

iii. MARY, nun, became Abbess of Shaftesbury c.1181, died shortly before 5 Sept. 1216. W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 2 (1819): 484 (Mary styled “my sister” [“sororis meæ Mariæ abbatissæ’] by King Henry II of England). VCH Dorset 2 (1908): 74, 79. English Hist. Rev. 25 (1910): 303–306; 26 (1911): 317–326; 80 (1965): 314–322 (Mary styled “my dearest aunt [karissima amita] by King John) (author suggests Mary had a uterine half-brother, Guy d’Outillé [or Ostelli], Knt., of Shaftesbury, Dorset, who occurs 1194–1208). Marie de France Lais (1947), ed. Alfred Ewart, Introduction: ix–x (believes Mary, abbess of Shaftesbury, is the “the most plausible identification” of Marie de France, the earliest known French poetess) [see also B.H. Wind “L’Idéologie Courtoise dans les Lais de Marie de France,” in M. Tyssens Mélanges de Linguistique Romane et de Philologie Médiévale Offerts á M. Maurice Delbouleville (1964); E.J. Mickel Marie de France (1974): 20–21].

2. HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1132/3. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, in 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ÉLÉONORE) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine (divorced 21 March 1152), and eldest daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine and Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Éléonore, daughter of Aumary I, Vicomte of Châtellerault. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey (clerk) [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan (clerk) [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud (nun). By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen’s heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the “Angevin empire” (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen’s reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. His reassertion of the king’s rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connaught, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king’s bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried at Fontevrault Abbey. [Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1 marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes)

st

2 and Alice of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France)3. [References: M. Bouquet Le Première Livraison des Monumens des Règnes de Saint Louis, de Philippe le Hardi, de Philippe le Bel, de Louis X, de Philippe V et de Charles IV (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20) (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). M.-J.-J. Brial La Suite des Monumens des Trois Règnes de Philippe 1 , de Louis VI dit le Gros, et de Louis VII Surnommé le Jeune er 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12) (1877): 228 (Extrait d’une Chronique de France, etc.); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 308 (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703, 708–709 (Chronicle of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). M.-J.-J. Brial Monumens des Règnes de

2 Ancestors of Barbara Aubrey, John Bevan, Essex Beville, William Bladen, George & Nehemiah Blakiston, Elizabeth Bosvile, Mary

Bourchier, George, Giles & Robert Brent, Stephen Bull, Charles Calvert, Edward Carleton, St. Leger Codd, Elizabeth Coytemore, Humphrey Davie, Frances, Jane & Katherine Deighton, Edward Digges, Thomas Dudley, Rowland Ellis, John Fenwick, John Fisher, Henry Fleete, Edward Foliot, Muriel Gurdon, Elizabeth & John Harleston, Warham Horsmanden, Anne Humphrey, Mary Launce, Hannah, Samuel & Sarah Levis, Thomas Ligon, Nathaniel Littleton, Thomas Lloyd, Agnes Mackworth, Oliver Manwaring, Anne Mauleverer, Richard More, Joseph & Mary Need, John Nelson, Philip & Thomas Nelson, Thomas Owsley, John Oxenbridge, Herbert Pelham, Robert Peyton, William & Elizabeth Pole, Henry & William Randolph, George Reade, William Rodney, Katherine Saint Leger, Richard Saltonstall, William Skepper, Mary Johanna Somerset, Samuel & William Torrey, John West, Thomas Wingfield, Hawte Wyatt.

3 Ancestors of William Bladen, Elizabeth Bosvile, Charles Calvert, St. Leger Codd, Edward Digges, Thomas Dudley, Warham Horsmanden, John Nelson, Thomas Owsley, Katherine Saint Leger, Mary Johanna Somerset, Thomas Wingfield.

Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 336–337. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). P. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987–1328 (2000): 91–105. B. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady (2003). For a list of the New World immigrants who descend from Marie and Alice of France, please see the descendancy footnotes 2 & 3].

F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59–72. Père Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 76–77. J. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7–10. T. Rymer Fœdera 1 Pt. 1 (1816): 81–82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled “kinsman” by Queen Eleanor). W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William, 4th Earl of Surrey [“Warenne”] , styled “kinsman” [cognate] by King Henry II). N.H. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1–4. W. Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled “kinsman”). T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). C. de Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 137–146. L. Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). J. Bain Cal. of Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15–17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled “kinsman” (cognatus) of Queen Eleanor). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164–1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled kinswoman [“cognate”] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). J. Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 108, 125–128, 180–181, 312, 470–471, 480–482, 519, 527, 567–568; 2 (1897): 18–19. Archives Historiques de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6–7 (charter of Eleanor). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78–93; 42 (1927): 569–572; 74 (1959): 193–213. D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593–596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452–463 (biog. of Henry II: “… his nature was full of passion… [he] was a great builder… Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign… probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day… genius for government”). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184–1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 (Isabel de Meulan, wife of Maurice de Craon, called “neptis Regis” [kinswoman of King Henry II]). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled “king’s kinsman”), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled “kinsman” by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see M.-J.-J. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; J.H. Round Cal. of Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled “kinswoman” of King Henry II; see Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie 47 (1936): 182–184 for charter naming Eustache’s mother as Isabel; R. Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XI –XIII Siècle) e e (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l’Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191–192 for charter naming Eustache as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol]. G.H. Pertz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica 6 (1925) (Roberti de Monte Cronica): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled “aunt” [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled “kinsman” [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled “kinsman” [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled “kinsman” [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled “kinsman” on the part of King Henry II’s mother, Empress Maud; citation supplied by Stewart Baldwin), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled “kinsman” [cognate]; Earl Hugh’s wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Évreux “kinswoman” [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II’s father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled “kinsman” [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled “kinsman” [cognate]); 27 (1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled “kinswoman” by King Henry II). Speculum 30 (1955): 374–384. J. Boussard Le Gouvernement d’Henri II Plantagenet (1956). F.M. Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32–33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18–24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153–156. Genealogists’ Mag. 14 (1964): 361–368. H.W.C. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066–1154 3 (1968). W.L. Warren Henry II (1973). G. Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14–15. J.J. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420–1920) (1977): 188–189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). M. Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3 Pt. 4 (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. B.R. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden 4th ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled “my uncle” [avunculo meo] by Henry [II], later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). K.A. Hanna The Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89–90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321–336. D. Williamson Kings and Queens of Britain (1991): 52–55 (biog. of Henry II: “… a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined… well-grounded in law and history… undoubtedly a great king”), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). E. Amt The Accession of Henry II in England (1993). R. Mortimer Angevin England 1154–1258 (1994). N. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I 2 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67–69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled “king’s kinsman”). K.M. Broadhurst “Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine: Patrons of Literature in French?” in Viator 27 (1996): 53, et seq. F. Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216 (1999). B. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady (2003). Cornwall Record Office: Arundell of Lanherne and Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert, son of Earl of Gloucester, styled kinsman [cognatus]). Online resource: http://genealogy.euweb.cz/poitou/poitou1.html.

Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine:

i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153, died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about April 1156. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65–66. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England).

ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled “the Young King”), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VIII, King of Castile and León. They had one son, William, born 19 June 1177, died in a few days. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173–74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) Bela III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama, son of Geza II, King of Hungary. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following her husband Bela III’s death, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66–67. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). M.-J.-J. Brial Monumens de Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: “Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo marito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit.”). A. Deville Tombeaux de la Cathédral de Rouen (1881): 161–162, 164–165, 210–211. J. Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591–594, 602. J.H. Round Cal. of Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382–384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240–241. L. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224–226. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he “used style rex Anglorum… hence called

by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III”). C.R. Cheney English Episcopal Acta II: Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110–111. P. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987–1328 (2000): 96–97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297–326 (“the sole associate king in English post-conquest history”).

iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH (or HENRY) (nicknamed the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [King of the Romans, Count of Poitou], and Wilhelm [Count of Lüneburg], and two daughters, Maud (wife of Geoffrey III, Count of Perche, and Enguerrand III, Count of Coucy) and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180 and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Brunswick. In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. Maud died at Brunswick 28 June 1189. Henry died 6 August 1195. They were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Brunswick Cathedral in Brunswick, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69–70. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). H.G. Ströhl Deutsche Wappenrolle (1897): 72 (not seen). L. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d’Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Monumenta Germaniæ Historica 21 (1925): 115–116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children); 27 (1925): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled “kinsman” [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). R. Foreville L’Église et la Royauté en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154–1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniæ 10 Pt. 1 (1975): 18–19, 231–233, 347–349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled “our kinsman” [“cognate nostro”/“cognate nostri”] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259–260, 332–335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled “our nephew” [“nepotem nostrum”/“nepos noster”] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364–365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled “our kinsman” [“consanguineum nostrum”] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379–393. B. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady (2003).

iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Coeur-de-Lion or Lionheart), Knt., Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and León. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother’s inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173–4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175–77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry’s death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father’s orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard’s marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry’s death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BÉRENGÈRE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho VI el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard’s journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, who he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. Upon his return, Richard turned his formidable military talent to wage war against the French king. In 1199, during a minor siege at Châlus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. In 1204 his widow, Bérengère, ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thorée in Maine. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l’Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l’Épau Abbey. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73–80. J. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 11–12. N.H. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 15–17. J.-D. Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21 (1855): 604 (Chronicle of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): “… Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi”). J.B.A.T. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Chartes 2 (1866): 181–182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled “aunt” [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). C. Lalore Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Boulancourt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: “23 Dec.—solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d’Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne”). M.-J.-J. Brial La Suite des Monumens des Trois Règnes de Philippe 1er, de Louis VI dit le Gros, et de Louis VII Surnommé le Jeune 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] “Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de filia Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus.” T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). M.-J.-J. Brial La Suite des Monumens des Trois Règnes de Philippe 1er, de Louis VI dit le Gros, et de Louis VII Surnommé le Jeune 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12) (1877): 228 (Extrait d’une Chronique de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708–709 (Chronicle of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). C. de Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147–159. L. Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. P. Meyer L’Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338–340, esp. lines 9392–9432 (André de Chauvigny styled “king’s kinsman”). J. Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 179–180. E. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 80–81. D.N.B. 16 (1909): 1022–1031 (biog. of Richard I: “… He was a stern ruler… where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault… In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree… He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher… a man of many accomplishments”). C. Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. I.J.

Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. F.M. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18–24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: “A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale”). E.L.G. Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174–1328 (1965): 9–11 (William the Lion, King of Scotland, styled “kinsman”). G. Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185–198; 23 (1997): 351–365. Bull. Institute Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157–173. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36–37. D. Williamson Kings and Queens of Britain (1991): 55–56, 65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37–53; 43 (1999): 79–89. A. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart’s Queen (1999): 183 (Queen Bérengère styled “kinswoman” by King Louis IX of France). P. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987–1328 (2000): 97, 105. Online resources: http://genealogy.euweb.cz/iberia/iberia7.html#BS6; http://www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm.

Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, _____:

a. PHILIP FITZ ROY. He married AMÉLIE OF COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father’s death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464–465. “Comptes d’Alphonse de Poitiers” Archives Historiques du Poitou 4 (1875): 21–22 (not seen). A. Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330 (not seen). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 (“Philippo f[ilius] R. Richardi”). P. Martin-Civat Les Seigneuries de Cognac, Jarnac et Merpins dans l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XII et XIII Siècle e e (Congrès des Sociétés Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956) (not seen). Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274–275 (not seen). NEHGR 119 (1965): 94–102. C. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126–127, 179. A. Debord La Société Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente X –XII Siècle e e (1984): 486–488. E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 37. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3 Pt. 4 (1989): 769 (sub Limoges).

v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 by dispensation (they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY, daughter and heiress of Conan IV le Petit, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland. She was born about 1161. They had three children (see below). In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Nôtre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH III, Earl of Chester, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, which marriage was annulled in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. They had no issue. She married (3rd) before Oct. 1199 (as his 1st wife) Guy de Thouars, in right of his 1st wife, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars. They had two daughters, Alice (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond) and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was eventually buried at Villeneuve. Guy de Thouars served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) Eustache de Mauléon, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d’Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre [seigneur of Chemillé, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas. In Oct. 1203 Guy was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. He died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was eventually buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) Renaud de Maulèvrier. She was living in 1244. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67–68. Père Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 445–461 (sub Bretagne). H. Morice Memoires pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 916–917, 930–931, 955. W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 574–575. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). G. Demay Inventaire des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5–6 (seals of Geoffrey and Constance). C.P.R. 1232–1247 (1906): 355. L. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d’Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103–106, 371–372. C.P. 10 (1945): 794–805 (sub Richmond). S. Painter The Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). C. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as “a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler”). J. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany and her Fam. (1999). J.A. Everard Brittany and the Angevins (2000). P. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987–1328 (2000): 347–360.

Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany:

a. ARTHUR OF BRITTANY, Duke of Brittany, Count of Anjou, Earl of Richmond], son and heir, born 29 March 1187, at Nantes. On his uncle, King Richard’s death in 1199, he led a force into Anjou and Maine. On Easter Day 1199 the barons of Anjou, Touraine, and Maine acknowledged him as the rightful heir. In 1202 he supported King Philippe Auguste of France against his uncle, King John. In July 1202 King Philippe knighted him at Gournay and betrothed him to the king’s infant daughter, Marie. On 1 August 1202, when besieging his grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, at Mirebeau, he was surprised and captured by John, who sent him to Falaise. Early in 1203 John transferred him to Rouen, where he disappeared before Easter. He died probably about 3 April 1203, almost certainly at Rouen, but possibly at Cherbourg, murdered either by John himself or at his command. His body is alleged to have been buried at Nôtre Dame des Prés. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68. Revue Historique 22 (1886): 33–72, 290–311; 148 (1925): 18. J.H. Round Cal. of Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Robert de Vitré styled “kinsman”). English Hist. Rev. 24 (1909): 659–674. C.P. 10 (1945): 797–799 (sub Richmond). Hist. Research 50 (1977): 112–115; 55 (1982): 18–24. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). J. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany and her Fam. (1999): 109–133. Nottingham Medieval Studies 44 (2000): 82–103. J.A. Everard Brittany and the Angevins (2000).

b. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182–4. She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold’s death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and

subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 Oct. 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wilts. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 (“commonly called The Damsel of Britain”). C.Ch.R. 2 (1898): 100. C.P.R. 1232–1247 (1906): 44, 204, 256, 261 (instances of Eleanor styled “king’s kinswoman”). Cal. Liberate Rolls 3 (1937): 301 (Eleanor de Brittany styled “king’s kinswoman” by King Henry III of England). C.P. 10 (1945): 799–800 (sub Richmond). Trans. Shropshire Arch. & Nat. Hist. Soc. 53 (1949–50): 112–139 (“According to the Chronicle of Lanercost she was a most beautiful and courageous woman. She was certainly a determined and tactful one.”). D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). J. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany and her Fam. (1999): 38, 164–165.

c. MAUD OF BRITTANY, died young. Hist. Research 50 (1977): 112–115. J. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany and her Fam. (1999): 55–56.

vi. ELEANOR (or LEONOR) OF ENGLAND, married ALFONSO VIII, King of Castile [see CASTILE 3].4

vii. JOAN (or JEANNE) OF ENGLAND, born at Angers Oct. 1165. She married (1st) at Palermo 13 Feb. 1177 WILLIAM (or GUGLIELMO) II le Bon, King of Sicily, Duke of Apulia, Prince of Capua, son of William I, King of Sicily, Duke of Apulia, by Margaret, daughter of García VI Ramirez, King of Navarre. They had one son, Bohemond [Duke of Apulia]. WILLIAM II, King of Sicily, died at Palermo 18 Nov. 1189. His widow, Joan, married (2nd) at Rouen, Normandy Oct. 1196 (as his 4th wife) (they being related in the 4th degree of kindred) RAYMOND VI, Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne, Marquis of Provence, son and heir of Raymond V, Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne, Marquis of Provence, by [Queen] Constance, Countess of St. Gilles, daughter of Louis VI, King of France. They had one son, Raymond VII [Count of Toulouse, Marquis of Provence], and one child who died at birth. JOAN, Queen of Sicily, Duchess of Narbonne, etc., died testate at Rouen 24 Sept. 1199. RAYMOND VI, Duke of Narbonne, Count of Toulouse, etc., died testate 2 August 1222. No living descendants. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 70–71. T. Rymer Fœdera 1 Pt. 1 (1816): 35. T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). M.-J.-J. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 9 (“[Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse] duxit sororem Regis Angliæ Richardi, quæ contingebat et in tertio gradu consanguinitatis”), 225–228, 236. J. Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 199, 202 (instances of Raymond’s mother, Constance, styled “queen” [regina]), 338, 373–374, 382–383, 397, 614–615; 2 (1897): 17, 25, 30, 110, 139–140, 182, 243–244, 246, 307–308, 722, 724. Revue de l’Agenais (1897): 382–384. J.H. Round Cal. of Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 392–393 (Joan’s will names her “maid of honor and kinswoman,” Philippe). G.H. Pertz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica 6 (1925): 532 (Roberti de Monte Cronica) (sub 1182). L. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 114–115, 120. 126. G. Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England), 206 (sub Hauteville); 3 Pt. 4 (1989): 764 (sub Toulouse). A. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart’s Queen (1999). P. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987–1328 (2000): 82–83, 90–91. B. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady (2003). Online resource: http://www.nd.edu/~medvllib/seals/roy/d11767bis.html

viii. JOHN OF ENGLAND [see next].

Illegitimate child of Henry II, by a mistress, Ykenai or Hikenai _____ (she was living in 1180/1) [Reference: Great Roll of the Pipe 1180–1181 (Pipe Roll Soc. 30) (1909): xxiv, 64 (“mater G. cancellarii”)]:

i. GEOFFREY FITZ ROY, born about 1153. As a child, he was put into deacon’s orders and made Archdeacon of Lincoln. In 1173 he was elected Bishop of Lincoln at his father’s request, which election was confirmed in 1175. In 1182 he resigned his bishopric and was appointed by his father Chancellor of England, which post he held until his father’s death in 1189. In 1189 he was nominated Archbishop of York by his brother, King Richard I, was formally ordained a priest, but was not consecrated in his office until 1191. Geoffrey was zealous in raising money for his brother, Richard’s ransom in 1193, which later led to a charge of spoilation and extortion by the canons of York. In 1195 he was suspended for contumacy, but the following year was restored to his office. In 1207 he disputed with his brother, King John, about taxing church revenues for the royal treasury. After issuing an anathema against the collectors and payers of the tax, he fled overseas in despair. GEOFFREY FITZ ROY, Archbishop of York, died at Notre-Dame-du-Parc (commonly called Grandmount) near Rouen, France on or about 18 Dec. 1212. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 71–72. E. Foss Judges of

4 Ancestors of Robert Abell, Dannett Abney, Elizabeth Alsop, Samuel Argall, William Asfordby, Barbara Aubrey, Charles Barham, Anne

Baynton, Marmaduke Beckwith, Richard & William Bernard, John Bevan, Essex Beville, William Bladen, George & Nehemiah Blakiston, Joseph Bolles, Thomas Booth, Elizabeth Bosvile, Mary Bourchier, George, Giles & Robert Brent, Stephen Bull, Nathaniel Burrough, Charles Calvert, Edward Carleton, Kenelm Cheseldine, Grace Chetwode, Jeremy Clarke, James & Norton Claypoole, William Clopton, St. Leger Codd, Elizabeth Coytemore, Francis Dade, Humphrey Davie, Frances, Jane, & Katherine Deighton, Edward Digges, Thomas Dudley, Rowland Ellis, William Farrar, John Fenwick, Henry Filmer, John Fisher, Henry Fleete, Edward Foliot, Thomas Gerard, William Goddard, Muriel Gurdon, Mary Gye, Elizabeth & John Harleston, Elizabeth Haynes, Warham Horsmanden, Anne Humphrey, Daniel & John Humphrey, Edmund Jennings, Edmund, Edward, Richard, & Matthew Kempe, Mary Launce, Hannah, Samuel & Sarah Levis, Thomas Ligon, Nathaniel Littleton, Thomas Lloyd, Anne Lovelace, Henry, Jane, & Nicholas Lowe, Percival Lowell, Gabriel, Roger, & Sarah Ludlow, Thomas Lunsford, Agnes Mackworth, Anne, Elizabeth & John Mansfield, Oliver Manwaring, Anne & Katherine Marbury, Elizabeth Marshall, Anne Mauleverer, Richard More, Joseph & Mary Need, John Nelson, Philip & Thomas Nelson, Joshua & Rebecca Owen, Thomas Owsley, John Oxenbridge, Richard Palgrave, Richard Parker, Herbert Pelham, Robert Peyton, William & Elizabeth Pole, Henry & William Randolph, Edward Raynsford, George Reade, William Rodney, Thomas Rudyard, Katherine Saint Leger, Richard Saltonstall, Anthony Savage, William Skepper, Diana & Grey Skipwith, Mary Johanna Somerset, John Stockman, John Throckmorton, Samuel & William Torrey, John & Lawrence Washington, Olive Welby, John West, Amy Willis, Thomas Wingfield, Mary Wolseley, Hawte Wyatt, George Yate.

England 1 (1848): 293–298. D.N.B. 7 (1908): 1018–1024 (biog. of Geoffrey, archbishop of York) (“… secular office in his father’s service… was Geoffrey’s true vocation… [he possessed] an impracticable self-will and an ungovernable temper”). L. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d’Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 372–373. G.H. Pertz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica 6 (1925): 521 (Roberti de Monte Cronica) (sub 1173: Geoffrey styled “filius regis Henrici naturalis”), 530. Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1194 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 5) (1928): xxviij, 165 (his unnamed “sister” [sorori archiepiscopi] mentioned in 1194). Yorkshire Arch. Jour. 35 (1943): 24–25 (biog. of Geoffrey son of the King”). C.T. Clay York Minster Fasti 1 (Yorks. Arch. Soc. Rec. Ser. 123) (1957): 22, 67. D.L. Douie Archbishop Geoffrey Plantagenet and the Chapter of York (Borthwick Papers 18) (1960) (Archbishop Geoffrey’s uterine half brother, Peter, Archdeacon of Lincoln, occurs c.1175–1217/19). Cartæ Antiquæ 2 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 33) (1960): 131 (Geoffrey styled “my son” (filio meo) by King Henry II). Richard of Devizes Chronicle of Richard of Devizes (1963): 87–88 (biog. of Geoffrey, archbishop of York). NEHGR 119 (1965): 94–102. C. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 103–125, 179. N. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I 1 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 21) (1986): 39; 2 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 78, 142 (instances of Geoffrey styled “Geoffrey the chancellor my son” [Gaufr(ido) cancellario filio meo] by King Henry II).

Illegitimate child of Henry II, by an unknown mistress, _____:

i. MAUD FITZ ROY, nun, appointed Abbess of Barking by her father, King Henry II, about 1175, living in 1198. W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 1 (1817): 437, 441 (“Dame Maud la file le Roy Henry”). VCH Essex 2 (1907): 120.

Illegitimate child of Henry II, by a mistress, Ida _____, possible daughter of Ralph V de Tony (died 1162), of Flamstead, Hertfordshire, by Margaret, daughter of Robert, 2nd Earl of Leicester. Ida later became the wife of Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk (died 1221) [see note regarding Ida’s identity under LONGESPÉE 3]:

i. WILLIAM LONGESPÉE, Knt., Earl of Salisbury, married ELA OF SALISBURY [see LONGESPÉE 3].5

Illegitimate child of Henry II, by a mistress, Alice of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and León. Alice was born 4 Oct. 1160. She was contracted to marry King Henry II’s son, Richard (afterwards King of England) in Jan. 1169. King Richard voided his marriage contract with her at Messina in March 1190/1, after which she was restored to her brother, King Philippe Auguste of France, in 1195. Alice subsequently married at Meudon 20 August 1195 Guillaume II Talvas, Count of Ponthieu and Montreuil (he died 4 Oct. 1221), son and heir of Jean I, Count of Ponthieu of Montreuil, by his last wife, Béatrice, daughter of Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol. He was born say 1171 (adult by 1195). She was living 28 July 1218. By her legitimate daughter and heiress, Marie, Countess of Ponthieu and Montreuil, Alice was great-grandmother of Eleanor of Castile, 1st wife of King Edward I of England [see PLANTAGENET 5 below]. Père Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 76–77 (sub France) (assigns Alice to wrong mother). L. Delisle Cat. des Actes de Philippe-Auguste (1856): 108, 119. W. Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 302–303. W. Stubbs Hist. Works of Master Ralph de Diceto, Dean of London 1 (Rolls Ser. 68) (1876): 303, 330–331; 2 (Rolls Ser. 68): 86 (reference kindly supplied by Henry Bisharat). L.-E. de La Gorgue-Rosny Recherches Généalogiques sur les Comtés de Ponthieu, de Boulogne, de Guines et Pays Circonvoisins 4 (1877): 9–10, 24–25, 35, 37–40, 42–45, 48. M.-J.-J. Brial La Suite des Monumens des Trois Règnes de Philippe 1 , de Louis VI dit le Gros, et de Louis VII Surnommé le Jeune er 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12) (1877): 228 (Extrait d’une Chronique de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi), 437 (Ex Chronico Gaufredi Vosiensis: “Repudiata uxore priore, secundam Ludovicus duxit uxorem [Constantiam] quæ soror exstitit Regum Hispaniæ, quæ appellata fuit Margareta: de ista filias genuit duas, Margaretam uxorem Henrici junioris Regis [Angliæ], qui apud Martellum obiit, et Alaïdem quæ desponsata fuit Richardo Duci ejusdem Regis fratri.”); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] “Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de filia Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus.), 206 (Ex Rogeri de Hoveden: Anno Gratiæ MCLXI [1161], qui erat annus septimus regni Regis Henrici, filii Matildis Imperatricis, idem Rex et Lodoveus Rex Francorum dissenserunt propter quasdam terrarum suarum divisas, et propter castella de Gisortio et de Neafle, quæ tunc temporis erant in manu Lodovei Regis Francorum, quæ idem Rex Henricus calumniatus est suo debere adjacere Ducatui Normanniæ. Sed mox pacificati sunt in hunc modum: quod Rex Franciæ traderet duas filias suas, quas habebat de uxore sua filia Regis Hispaniæ, quarum una vocabatur Margareta et altera Alesea, ad opus duorum filorium Regis Henrici, scilicet Henrico et Ricardo adhuc puerulis minimis; et traderet prædicta castella de Gisortio et de Neafle in manu Templariorum custodienda, donec prædictæ filiæ desponsarentur præfatis filiis Regis Henrici.”), 187 (Ex Radulfi De Diceto: engagement of Alice and

5 Ancestors of Robert Abell, Dannett Abney, William Asfordby, Barbara Aubrey, Christopher Batt, Henry, Thomas & William Batte,

John Baynard, Marmaduke Beckwith, Richard & William Bernard, John Bevan, Essex Beville, William Bladen, George & Nehemiah Blakiston, Joseph Bolles, Thomas Booth, Elizabeth Bosvile, Mary Bourchier, George, Giles & Robert Brent, Thomas Bressey, Nathaniel Browne, Obadiah Bruen, Elizabeth, Martha & Peter Bulkeley, Stephen Bull, Nathaniel Burrough, Elizabeth Butler, Edward Carleton, Charles Calvert, Kenelm Cheseldine, Grace Chetwode, Jeremy Clarke, Matthew Clarkson, William Clopton, St. Leger Codd, Henry Corbin, Francis Dade, Humphrey Davie, Frances, Jane, & Katherine Deighton, Anne Derehaugh, Edward Digges, Thomas Dudley, Rowland Ellis, Agatha, Alice, Eleanor, George Elkington, Jane & Martha Eltonhead, William Farrar, John Fenwick, John Fisher, Henry Fleete, Edward Foliot, Thomas Gerard, William Goddard, Muriel Gurdon, Mary Gye, Katherine Hamby, Elizabeth & John Harleston, Edmund Hawes, Warham Horsmanden, Anne Humphrey, Thomas James, Edmund Jennings, Edmund, Edward, Richard, & Matthew Kempe, Mary Launce, Hannah, Samuel & Sarah Levis, Thomas Ligon, Nathaniel Littleton, Thomas Lloyd, Henry, Jane & Nicholas Lowe, Percival Lowell, Gabriel, Roger & Sarah Ludlow, Thomas Lunsford, Simon Lynde, Agnes Mackworth, Roger & Thomas Mallory, Anne, Elizabeth & John Mansfield, Oliver Manwaring, Anne & Katherine Marbury, Elizabeth Marshall, Anne Mauleverer, Richard More, Joseph & Mary Need, John Nelson, Philip & Thomas Nelson, Thomas Owsley, John Oxenbridge, Herbert Pelham, Robert Peyton, William & Elizabeth Pole, Henry & William Randolph, George Reade, William Rodney, Thomas Rudyard, Elizabeth Saint John, Katherine Saint Leger, Richard Saltonstall, Anthony Savage, William Skepper, Diane & Grey Skipwith, Mary Johanna Somerset, John Stockman, James Taylor, Samuel & William Torrey, Jemima Waldegrave, John & Lawrence Washington, Olive Welby, John West, Amy Willis, Thomas Wingfield, Mary Wolseley, Hawte Wyatt, Thomas Yale.

Richard), 218–219 (Ex Radulfi Coggeshale Abbatis: “MCXLIX [1149], Rex Ludovicus ab Hierosolyma regreditur. Post cujus regressionem Galfridus Comes Andegavensis et Henricus filius ejus conquesti sunt Regi de Stephano Rege Anglorum, qui eis regnum Anglorum et Ducatum Normanniæ injuste auferebat. Rex vero Ludovicus Normanniam aggrediens, manu forti eam cepit, et Henrico tradidit, et eum pro eadem terra in hominem ligium accepit. Ille vero pro collato adjutorio Vilcassinum Normanniæ, quod est inter Etam et Andelam Regi Ludovico totum immune dedit: in qua terra continetur Gisortium, Neofle et Stripiniacum. Nec multo post Rex Ludovicus repudiavit Alienordem conjugem suam, linea consanguinitatis inter eos jurata: quam sine mora Henricus Dux Normanniæ accepit in uxorem cum Comitatu Aquitaniæ. Postea vero Ludovicus duxit Constantium filiam Imperatoris Hispaniæ, ex qua habuit filiam nomine Margaritam, quæ Henrico juniori filio Regis Henrici in matrimonio juncta est. Vilcassinensem autem terrram dedit Rex Ludovicus filiæ suæ in matrimonium. Deinde Rex genuit aliam filiam de Constantia nomine Adelaïdis, in cujus partu mater clausit extremum diem.”), 421 (Chronico De Regibus Francorum: “Ludovicus Rex eodem anno secundam duxit uxorem Constantiam, filiam inclyti Principis Hispaniæ Aldefonsi, qui regnavit in Toleto et Legione et in terra B. Jacobi: de qua genuit duas filias, quarum unam [Margaretam] duxit Henricus juvenis Rex Angliæ, secundam [Aleidem] Richardus Dux Aquitaniæ, nunc Rex Angliæ, accipere debuit, sed ad ejus nuptias non pervenit; quæ nunc recenti tempore desponsata est [Willelmo III] Comiti Pontivensi.”), 708–709 (Chronicle of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines: “[Louis VII] … De secunda quoque uxore quæ fuit Hispana, duas similiter habuit filias, Reginam [Angliæ] Margaretam, et Comitissam Alix, quam duxit Guilielmus Comes de Pontivo.” ). M.-J.-J. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 241 (Fragmentum Genealogicum). J. Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 616, 620, 632; 2 (1897): 616, 620, 632. List of Diplomatic Docs., Scottish Docs. and Papal Bulls (PRO Lists and Indexes 49) (1923): 1. Monumenta Germaniae Historica SS 21 (1925): 513–514 (Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense); 27 (1925): 335–336 (E Radulfi Nigri Chronica Universall). L. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 104. R. Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XI –XIII Siècle) e e (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l’Hist. de France 10) (1974): 193–199, 201–211, 216–217, 220–230, 238–243, 262–270, 286–295, 298–307, 318–322, 344–348, 373. R.-H. Bautier Chronique de Saint-Pierre-le-Vif de Sens, dite de Clarius = Chronicon Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensis (1979): Appendix IV: 314–315 (contemporary document dated c.1183–5 identifies Alice’s mother as Constance of Castile; citation courtesy of P.M. Stewart). D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France) (assigns Alice to wrong mother); 3 Pt. 4 (1989): 622 (sub Saint-Pol), 638 (sub Ponthieu) (assigns Guillaume to wrong mother). J.W. Baldwin The Government of Philip Augustus (1986): 480, 536. B.-M. Tock Les Chartes des Évêques d’Arras (1093–1203) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l’Hist. de France 20) (1991): 275–276. Y. Sassier Louis VII (1991), chart 476–477. G. Sivéry Philippe Auguste (1993): chart foll. 407. M.J. Monicat Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 3 (1996): 115, 131, 195–196 (instances of Guillaume, Count of Ponthieu, styled “brother” by King Philippe Auguste of France). N. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I 2 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 162. A. Weir Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Life (2000). P. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987–1328 (2000): 97, 105 (assigns Alice to wrong mother).

i. unnamed daughter, died in infancy. L. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224–232 (citing W. Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis 2 (1867): 160; W. Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3: 99; G.F. Warner Giraldi Cambrensis Opera 8 (Rolls Ser. 21) (1891): 232; T. de Burton Chronica Monasterii de Melsa [Chronicle of Meaux] 1 (1866): 255–256). NEHGR 119 (1965): 94–102.

Illegitimate child of Henry II, by a mistress, Nest, daughter of Iorwerth ab Owain, lord of Caerleon, by Angharad, daughter of Uchdrud, Bishop of Llandaff. Nest later married Ralph Bluet, Knt. (died c.1199), of Silchester, Hampshire and Lacock, Wiltshire. Archæologia Cambrensis 3 (1848): 333–334. Dict. Welsh Biog. (1959): 638 (biog. of Morgan ap Hywel). P.C. Bartrum Welsh Gens. 300–1400 (1980) [Rhydderch ap Iestyn 1]. D. Crouch William Marshal 1147–1219 (1990): 139–140, 198–199 (identification of Nest’s parentage).

i. MORGAN FITZ ROY, clerk. He was appointed Provost of Beverley in 1201. He was nominated as Bishop of Durham in 1213. He travelled to Rome, but his election was quashed by the Pope. He died at Fountains Abbey about 1217. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 72. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94–102. C. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 9–10, 99, 130, 179. G. Bicchiere Letters & Charters of Cardinal Guala Bicchiere Papal Legate in England 1216–1218 (Canterbury & York Soc. 83) (1996): 55.

3. JOHN OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Lackland), youngest son, born at Oxford about 27 Dec. 1166. In 1172 he was contracted to marry Alice of Maurienne, eldest daughter of Humbert III, Count of Maurienne, Marquis of Italy. This marriage scheme failed in 1173, when his older brother, Henry, as count of Anjou, refused their father’s proposal to give John the castles of Chinon, Loudun, and Mirebeau. In 1174 it was agreed that John should have Nottingham and Marlborough Castles in England and certain castles and rents in France. In 1177 his father declared him King of Ireland, and arranged his succession to the earldom of Gloucester. In March 1185 his father knighted him at Windsor, and sent him to govern Ireland. John treated the Irishmen with such insolence, they deserted the English cause and kept the Kings of Limerick, Cork, and Connaught from coming to do fealty to him. He was recalled from Ireland by his father in Sept. 1185. His father’s continued favor to him contributed to the rebellion of John’s older brother, Richard, though at the end of Henry’s reign, John deserted his father to support Richard. On Richard’s accession as king in 1189, he made John Count of Mortain in Normandy, and granted him the castles and honours of Marlborough, Ludgershall, Lancaster, Bolsover, and the Peak, the town of Nottingham, the honours of Tickhill and Wallingford, and the county of Derby, with the honour of Peverel. John married (1st) at Marlborough, Wiltshire 29 August 1189 ISABEL OF GLOUCESTER, Countess of Gloucester, lady of Glamorgan, youngest daughter and co-heiress of William Fitz Robert, Earl of Gloucester, by Hawise, daughter of Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester. Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury, protested against the marriage, John and Isabel being related in the 3rd degree of kindred. They had no issue. He was present at the Coronation of his brother, King Richard I, in Sept. 1189. By the end of 1189, John was further granted the counties of Dorset, Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall, with all rights of jurisdiction. In 1191, while Richard was on crusade, John broke his promise not to enter England during Richard’s absence, and, on learning of Richard’s imprisonment in Germany, attempted unsuccessfully to seize control of England. On Richard’s

return in 1193, John was deprived of his English lands and excommunicated. In May 1193 Richard and John were reconciled by the mediation of the queen-mother. In 1195 Richard granted him the county of Mortain, the honour of Eye, and earldom of Gloucester. In the beginning of April 1199, as Richard was dying, he named John his successor in England and all his dominions. On the death of Richard, 6 April 1199, John ascended the throne and was crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey 27 May 1199. In 1199 he obtained a divorce from his wife, Isabel, on grounds of consanguinity. She was subsequently kept a state prisoner until 1214. John married (2nd) at Bordeaux 24 August 1200 ISABEL OF ANGOULÊME, daughter and heiress of Adémar (or Aimar) III Taillefer, Count of Angoulême, by Alice (or Alaïs, Alaidis), daughter of Pierre of France, seigneur of Courtenay, Montargis, and Châteaurenard (younger son of Louis VI, King of France). She was born in 1188, and was previously contracted to marry Hugues IX le Brun (died Nov. 1219), Count of La Marche, seigneur of Lusignan and Couhé. She was crowned queen 8 Oct. 1200. They had five children (see below). By various mistresses, King John had a large number of illegitimate children, including nine sons, Richard, Knt., Oliver, John, Geoffrey, Henry, Knt., Osbert Giffard, Knt., Eudes (or Ives), Bartholomew (clerk), and possibly Philip, and three daughters, Joan, Maud (nun), and allegedly Isabel. War with France followed John’s refusal to appear before King Philippe Auguste of France concerning the grievance of the Lusignans. At first John was successful in defending his French lands, capturing his nephew, Arthur (who died in custody), but, in 1204, he lost Normandy, Anjou, Maine, and Touraine to the French king. For the next ten years, John resided almost permanently in England (the first such Angevin king) and attempted to restore his finances for further warfare in France by determined taxation and exploitation of his feudal prerogatives (later the basis for the charge of tyranny). In 1205 he began a quarrel with the Church when he refused to accept Pope Innocent III’s nomination of Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury. His intransigence in the matter led the Pope to impose an interdict on England in 1208, suspending all religious services, and excommunicating King John. In 1210 he went to Ireland, where he took Carrickfergus, seized the lands of the Lacys and banished the Earl of Ulster, built several fortresses, appointed sheriffs and other officers to carry out the English system of law, and coined new money. He arrested all the Jews in England, and made them pay 66,000 marks. In 1211 he made an expedition into North Wales, compelled the submission of Llywelyn, and raised fortresses. In 1213, after five years of amassing the revenues of vacant or appropriated sees and abbeys, John agreed to become a vassal to the Pope for an annual tribute of one thousand marks, with absolution from excommunication and the lifting of the interdict. In 1214 John conducted another campaign in France, and suffered a disastrous defeat at the Battle of Bouvines on the river Margne. An alliance of barons took advantage of this defeat to launch a rebellion which was successful in forcing John to agree to a comprehensive and humiliating agreement at Runnymede near Windsor 19 June 1215 called the Magna Carta [Great Charter]. This charter defined the rights of the Church, barons, and the people. John soon repudiated the charter, claiming he acted under duress, and civil war ensued. JOHN, King of England, died testate suddenly at the Bishop of Lincoln’s castle at Newark 19 Oct. 1216, and was buried at Worcester Cathedral. His widow, Isabel, returned to France in 1217, to take up residence in her native city of Angoulême. She reasserted her control over Cognac, and entered into prolonged and violent disputes with Reginald de Pons over the castle of Merpins, and with Bartholomew le Puy. She married (2nd) 10 May 1220 Hugues X de Lusignan, Count of La Marche and Angoulême, seigneur of Lusignan, Château-Larcher, Montreuil-Bonnin, and la Mothe-Saint-Heray, son and heir of Hugues IX le Brun, Count of La Marche, by his 1st wife, Agatha, daughter of Pierre de Montrabel, seigneur of Preuilly. They had five sons, Hugh le Brun (XI), Knt. [Count of La Marche and Angoulême], Guy, Knt. [seigneur of Couhé, Cognac, Merpins, etc.], Geoffrey (I), Knt. [seigneur of Jarnac, Châteauneuf, Château-Larcher, etc.], William de Valence, Knt. [Earl of Pembroke], and Aymer (clerk) [Bishop elect of Winchester], and four daughters, Agnès (wife of Guillaume de Chauvigny), Alice (wife of John de Warenne, Knt., 7th Earl of Surrey) [see WARENNE 4], Isabelle (wife of Maurice IV de Craon), and Marguerite (wife of Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse, and Amaury VIII, Vicomte of Thouars). In 1224 Hugues de Lusignan defected to King Louis VIII of France during the Capetian invasion of Poitou, with Louis promising Isabel 2000 lives Parisis annually in return for her dower lands forfeit in England, and the annual revenues of Langeais near Tours in exchange for rights that she claimed as dower at Saumur in Anjou. In 1230 they entered into alliance with King Louis IX of France, who granted Isabel an annual pension of 5000 livres Tours in return for resignation of her dower rights she claimed in England, Normandy, and Anjou. In 1242 she and her husband, Hugues, rebelled against the French. In return for a pardon from King Louis IX, they were forced to relinquish the pensions paid to them since 1224 and to abandon their claim to Saintes. Isabel was subsequently implicated in a plot to poison King Louis IX and his brother, Alphonse, Count of Poitiers. Isabel, late Queen of England, Countess of La Marche and Angoulême, subsequently took refuge in Fontevrault Abbey, where she died testate 4 June 1246. She was initially buried in the common graveyard of the Abbey, but at her son, King Henry III’s request, her remains were moved in 1254 to the choir of the Abbey Church. Hugues X de Lusignan, Count of La Marche and Angoulême, was mortally wounded at the capture of Damietta 6 June 1249.

F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 49, 81–87. J. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 13–14. T. Rymer Fœdera 1 Pt. 1 (1816): 28–29, 87–88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled “nephew” [nepos]), 91 (Reynold, King of Man, styled

“kinsman”). W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6 Pt. 3 (1830): 1169. T.D. Hardy Rotuli Litterarum Patentium in Turri Londiensi Asservati (1835): 71b (Queen Isabel of Angoulême styled “sister” [i.e., half-sister] to Pierre, Count of Joigny). F. Marvaud “Isabella d’Angoulême ou la Comtesse-Reine” Bull. de la Société Archéologique et Historique de la Charente 2nd ser. 1 (1856): 116–252. J.B.A.T. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Chartes 2 (1866): 38–39, 68, 121, 140, 175–176, 182–183, 241, 313, 453, 457, 476–477, 498–499, 513, 571–572, 574–576, 622–624. M.-J.-J. Brial La Suite des Monumens des Trois Règnes de Philippe 1 , de Louis VI dit le Gros, et de Louis VII Surnommé le Jeune er 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 309 (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum: “Anno MCLXVII (1167) Natus est Johannes filius Regis Anglorum”). T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). M.-J.-J. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 549 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders & Hainault (died 1205), styled “kinsman”); 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 447 ([Marie], Countess of Troyes, styled “sister” [i.e., half sister]). J. Bain Cal. of Docs. Rel. Scotland 1 (1881): No. 480 (Duncan, Earl of Carrick, styled “kinsman”). G. Demay Inventaire des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 8 (equestrian seal of John, Earl of Mortain [later King of England]). Genealogist n.s. 21 (1905): 78–82. D.N.B. 10 (1908): 500–501 (biog. of Isabella of Angoulême: “… a beautiful and mischievious woman… hated by both English and Poitevins; John’s marriage with her led to the loss of nearly all his continental possessions”), 839–854 (biog. of John, king of England: “… All the vices of his house appear in his character unredeemed by any greatness. He was mean, false, vindictive, and abominably cruel… greedy and extravagant… He had a violent temper, and a stubborn disposition… at heart a coward… self-indulgent and scandalously immoral”). G.L. Clark Cartæ et Alia Munimenta de Glamorgancia 5 (1910): 1785–1786. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 5 (1926): 689–692 (sub Gloucester) [King John’s 1st wife, Isabel, Countess of Gloucester, married (2nd) 16/26 Jan. 1213/4 Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex (died 23 Feb. 1215/6) and (3rd) c.17 Sept. 1217 Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent (died 12 May 1243). She died 14 Oct. 1217, and was buried in Canterbury Cathedral Church (see also English Hist. Rev. 19 (1904): 707–711)]; 12 Pt. 1 (1953): 768, footnote j (Constance de Beaumont, wife of Roger IV de Tony, styled “kinswoman”). Archæologia Æliana 3rd Ser. 17 (1920): 265, 282–286 (his seal bore two lions passant). G.H. Pertz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica 23 (1925): 874 (Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines: “… que domna Petro de Cortenaio, regis Philippi patruo, peperit comitem Petrum Comitem Autissiodorensem et Robertum de Cortenaio et quendam Guilelmum et sorores eorum. Una Alaydis comiti Guilelmo Ioviniaci peperit comitem Petrum, et post Engolismensi comiti peperit Isabellam modernam Anglie reginam …”). W.M. Ede The Cathedral Church of Christ and the Blessed Virgin Mary of Worcester (1925): 31–38. L. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 3–4. English Hist. Rev. 61 (1946): 289–314; 63 (1948): 83–89; 65 (1950): 360–371; 67 (1952): 233–235. S. Painter Reign of King John (1949): 238 (“… cruel, lecherous, and deceitful… his mind was always seething with jealousy and suspicion”). H.S. Snellgrove The Lusignans in England (1950). Speculum 30 (1955): 374–384. I.J. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. W.L. Warren King John (1961). Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18–24 (arms of John as Lord of Ireland: Two lions passant; arms of John as King: Three lions passant guardant in pale). J.C. Holt King John (1963). Archivum Heraldicum 79 (1965): 19–23. G.W.S. Barrow Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland (1965): 36. G. Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15–17. Vera C.M. London The Cartulary of Bradenstoke Priory (Wiltshire Rec. Soc. 35) (1979): 191 (charter dated 1189/99 of Isabel, Countess of Gloucester and Mortain, 1st wife of King John). N. Adams Select Cases from the Ecclesiastical Courts of the Province of Canterbury c.1200–1301 (Selden Soc. 95) (1981): 106, 112 (Sylvius de Cresto [Crofto], clerk, styled “king’s kinsman” in 1202). Coat of Arms n.s. 5 (1983): 153–156. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England), 190 (sub Savoy); 3 Pt. 2 (1983): 354 (sub Descendants of King Henry I of England); 3 Pt. 3 (1985): 564 (sub Lusignan); 3 Pt. 4 (1989): 725 (sub Preuilly), 774 (sub Brosse), 818 (sub Angouleme). E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 37. D. Williamson Kings and Queens of England (1991): 66–67 (biog. of John Lackland: “… has always been regarded as the archetype ‘bad’ king; yet he had some redeeming features… his good looks and charm induced many of those he wronged to forgive him… [he] grew up a dandy, gourmet, and womanizer, dedicated to a sybaritic existence and entirely unprincipled… [his] personality was a complex one… He was cruel and avaricious, but possessed a sense of humor and could occasionally show acts of mercy and generosity”); 67–68 (biog. of Isabella of Angoulême). R.V. Turner King John (1994). R. Mortimer Angevin England 1154–1258 (1994). S.D. Church King John: New Interpretations (1999). Nottingham Medieval Studies 44 (2000): 82–103. P. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987–1328 (2000): 452–456. B. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady (2003): 159–175 (revises previously accepted birthdate of King John.).

Children of John of England, by Isabel of Angoulême:

i. HENRY III OF ENGLAND [see next].

ii. RICHARD OF ENGLAND, Knt., Earl of Cornwall, Count of Poitou, King of the Romans (or King of Almain), married (1st) ISABEL MARSHAL; (2nd) SANCHE (or SANCHIA) OF PROVENCE; (3rd) BEATRICE DE FALKENBURG [see CORNWALL 4].6

iii. JOAN OF ENGLAND, born at Gloucester 22 July 1210. In 1214 she was contracted to marry Geoffrey de Lusignan, son of Hugh de Lusignan, Count of la Marche, which marriage did not take place. She married at York, Yorkshire 19 June 1221 (as his 1st wife) ALEXANDER II, King of Scotland, Knt., son and heir of William the Lion, King of Scotland, by Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont and Sainte-Suzanne. He was born at Haddington, East Lothian 24 August 1198. They had no issue. He was crowned at Scone 6 Dec. 1214. Joan died at York, Yorkshire 4 March 1237/8, buried at Tarrant Keynstan, Dorset. Alexander II married (2nd) 15 May 1239 Mary de Coucy, 2nd daughter of Enguerrand III de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy. They had one son, Alexander (III) [King of Scotland]. Alexander II, King of Scotland, died at Kerrera in the bay of Oban 8 July 1249, and was buried at Melrose Abbey. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 86–87. T. Rymer Fœdera 1 Pt. 1 (1816): 224 (Joan styled “sister” [sorori] by King Henry III of England). W.W. Shirley Royal & Other Hist. Letters Ill. of the Reign of King Henry III 1 (Rolls Ser. 27) (1862): 173–174 (Henry de Strivel[yn] styled “kinsman” [cognato] by Alexander II). Annual Report of the Deputy Keeper 28 (1867): 103 (H. de Stirling styled “kinsman”). T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 6 (sub Kings of Scotland). C.P.R. 1232–1247 (1906): 94 (Joan “queen of Scots” styled “king’s sister”). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 261–264 (biog. of Alexander II). Speculum 20 (1945): 301–302. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England), 90 (sub Scotland). E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 58. N. Vincent English Episcopal Acta IX: Winchester 1205-1238 (1994): 95.

6 Ancestor of Marmaduke Beckwith, William Bladen, Thomas Booth, Nathaniel Burrough, Elizabeth Butler, Charles Calvert, Kenelm

Cheseldine, Grace Chetwode, William Clopton, Francis Dade, Humphrey Davie, Anne Derehaugh, Thomas Dudley, Henry Fleete, Muriel Gurdon, Anne Humphrey, Edmund Jennings, Edmund, Edward, Richard, & Matthew Kempe, Mary Launce, Thomas Ligon, Percival Lowell, Anne & Katherine Marbury, John Nelson, Thomas Owsley, Herbert Pelham, Henry & William Randolph, Edward Raynsford, Mary Johanna Somerset, John Stockman, Jemima Waldegrave, John West, Hawte Wyatt, George Yate.

iv. ISABEL OF ENGLAND, born at Gloucester 1214. She married at Worms 15 or 20 July 1235 (as his 4th wife) FREDERICK (or FRIEDRICH) II, Emperor of the Romans, King of Jerusalem and Sicily, Duke of Apulia, Prince of Capua, son and heir of Heinrich VI, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Sicily, by Constance, daughter of Roger II, King of Sicily. He was born at Iesi 26 Dec. 1194. They had four children, including two sons,Heinrich and Frederick (or Friedrich), and one daughter, Margarethe (wife of Albrecht II, Margrave of Meissen, Landgrave of Thüringen). Isabel died in childbirth at Foggia 1 Dec. 1241, and was buried at Andria Cathedral. Emperor FREDERICK II died at Fiorentino Castle in Lucera 13 Dec. 1250. Their daughter, Margarethe, is a remote ancestress of the house of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 87–88. T. Rymer Fœdera 1 (1816): 220, 225–227. J.B.A.T. Teulet Layettes du Trésor