Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew
-
Upload
bruno-hancock -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
1
Transcript of Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew
![Page 1: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Plant Structure Growth
&Transport
http://www.howe.k12.ok.us/~jimaskew/
![Page 2: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
I. Plant Tissue1) Ground Tissues - provides storage,
metabolism, and support.
![Page 3: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
2) Dermal Tissues - forms the outside covering of plants and provides protection.
![Page 4: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
3) Vascular Tissues - transport water and food through the plant.
![Page 5: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
a. Phloem: straw-like tubes conducting food downward in a plant.
b. Xylem: straw-like tubes conducting water and minerals upward in a plant.
![Page 6: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
4. Meristematic TissueMeristems: growth regions where cells divide rapidly and tissue differentiation occurs.
![Page 7: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
II. Plant Structure
Plants have three basic parts
![Page 8: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
A. Roots
1) Function- Roots support and anchor the plant (Similar to Rhizoids)- Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil- Roots store glucose (starch)
– Root cell growth pattern: Division, elongation, and differentiation
![Page 9: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Roots anchor plants and absorb mineral nutrients from soil. Roots anchor plants and absorb mineral nutrients from soil.
• Roots provide many functions.– support the plant– absorb, transport, and store
nutrients – root hairs help absorption
![Page 10: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
b. Structure: Roots are made up of many tissues
• Dermal Tissue-covers the outside of a plant. – protects the plant –the root cap– Absorbs water from the soil-the root hairs• Ground Tissue-found inside-provides support
-stores materials in roots • Vascular Tissue-contains xylem and phloem
– Xylem transports water– -Phloem transports food and minerals
• Meristematic Tissue-area of growth
-Unidfferentiated cells undergoing rapid cell division
Apical meristems-areas of growth that lengthen
Lateral meristems- areas of growth that widen or thicken the plant
![Page 11: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Types of roots
- Taproot
- Fibrous
- Aboveground(epiphytes)
![Page 12: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Fibrous root systems have fine branches. They are usually extensive and shallow.
Taproot systems have one main root.
Fibrous root
Taproot
Ex. Grasses Ex.carrots
![Page 13: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
EpiphytesPlants that are not rooted in soil but instead grow directly on the bodies of other plants. Most are found in tropical rainforest biomes and they are NOT parasitic.
Orchid
Spanish Moss
![Page 15: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Label the Roots
FibrousTaprootAboveground
Types of roots visual
![Page 16: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
B. Stems1) Function
- stems support the plant
- stems hold the leaves toward the sunlight
- inside the stem water and nutrients travel to other plant parts
- stems of some plants store glucose in the form of starch
![Page 17: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Types of Tissues in Stems
• Dermal Tissue- Outer bark of woody stems
• Ground Tissue
• Vascular tissue- xylem and phloem
• Meristematic Tissue-contain both apical and lateral meristematic tissue for growth
![Page 18: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
2) Types of stems
a) Woody stem- found in trees and shrubs
b) Herbaceous stem- found in flowers and grasses
![Page 19: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Some stems are herbaceous and conduct photosynthesis.
Some stems can be woody, and form protective bark.
![Page 20: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Annual RingsThe width of tree rings help determine the amount and conditions of growth.
.
Tree rings help determine the age of a tree
1/30/07 L 21
![Page 22: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
C. Leaf1) Function
- leaves capture light from the sun
- leaves make glucose through photosynthesis
- leaves take-in CO2 release oxygen O2
![Page 23: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
2) Structure
- top layer is made of a waxy cuticle (prevents H2O loss) and epidermis(dermal layer)
-middle layer is the mesophyll (ground tissue)
contains most of the chloroplasts
-bottom layer exchanges gases through the stomata
Stomata
![Page 24: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Stomata visual concept: Guard cells
![Page 25: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Guard Cells
Image of a Stomata
![Page 26: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Types of Leaves
• Visual Concept: Types of Leaves
• Simple- one blade connected to petiole
• Compound-many blades(leaflets) on one petiole
• Double compound-many compund leaflets on one petiole
![Page 27: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Plant AdaptationsAquatic plants To take in sufficient oxygen, aquatic plants, have tissues with large air-filled spaces through which oxygen can diffuse. Stomata located on top of leaf!
Desert plants Have extensive roots, reduced leaves, and thick stems that can store water.
Leaves are modified to reduce evaporative water loss and, often, to deter herbivores.
![Page 28: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Growth of Plants
![Page 29: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Two patterns of growth in seed plants
1) Primary growth- elongation of stems and roots
Apical meristem - located at the tips of stems and roots. Apical meristems produce growth in length,
Visual Concept: Primary Growth
![Page 30: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
2) Secondary growth - roots, stems and branches of certain seed plants grow wider
Two types of lateral meristems: – Vascular cambium - located between the
xylem and phloem, producing additional vascular tissues. (inside - creates rings)
– Cork cambium - located outside the phloem, producing cork replacing epidermis.
• Visual Concept: Secondary Growth
![Page 31: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Transport in Plants
• KEY CONCEPT The vascular system allows for the transport of water, minerals, and sugars.
![Page 33: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Water and dissolved minerals move through xylem.
U V W XUp / vascular tissue/water travels / in xylem
![Page 34: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Water travels from roots to the top of trees.3 main ways
![Page 35: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Transport of Water
• animation of water transport
• -1- Absorption
• -2- Capillary action(cohesion-tension theory)
• -3- Transpiration
![Page 36: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Capillary ActionThe cohesion-tension theory explains water movement
– Plants passively transport water through the xylem.
– Cohesion is the tendency of water molecules to bond with each other.
– Adhesion is the tendency of water molecules to bond with other substances.
![Page 37: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Transpiration is the loss of water vapor through leaves.
– water vapor exits leaf stomata– helps pull water to the top branches
– Factors that affect transpiration:– Temperature
– -Wind
– -Humidity
![Page 38: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Phloem carries sugars from photosynthesis throughout the plant.
• Phloem contains specialized cells. – sieve tube elements have holes at
ends– companion cells help sieve tube
elements – unlike xylem, phloem tissue is alive
• PH-F-Food
![Page 39: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
The Pressure-flow model explains sugar movement
2sugars
phloem xylem
water
1.Sugars move from their source, such as photosynthesizing leaves, into the phloem.
![Page 40: Plant Structure Growth & Transport jimaskew](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110405/56649ef95503460f94c0b453/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
2.Water moves from the xylem into the phloem by osmosis, due to the higher concentration of the sugars in the phloem. The water flow helps move sugars through the phloem
3. The sugars move into the sink, such as root or fruit, where the are stored.