Plant Form and Function
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Transcript of Plant Form and Function
Plant Form and FunctionLearning Goal: How are plants structurally adapted for survival?
Analyzing how water and nutrients move through a plant (Ch 36 and Investigation 11)
Refer to pg 202-207, 314-319 in HoltzclawCh 36 in Campbell Media resourcesAP Inv 11
How and why do water/nutrients move through a plant?You must know: (Ch 36)The role of passive transport, active
transport, and cotransport in plant transport.
The role of diffusion, active transport, and bulk flow in the movement of water and nutrients in plants (with water potential calculations)
How the transpiration cohesion-tension mechanism explains water movement in plants.
How pressure flow explains translocation.
How and why do water/nutrients move through a plant?You must know: (AP Investigation
11)
The function of stomata in gas exchange in plants.
The role of water potential and transpiration in the movement of water from roots to leaves.
The effects of various environmental conditions on the rate of transpiration.
How to identify xylem and phloem and relate their structure to their function.
How does water and dissolved nutrients get from the roots to the leaves in these tall trees?
How does water and dissolved nutrients get from the roots to the leaves in these tall trees?
Transpiration
How does sugar get from the leaves to the roots in plants for winter storage?
How does sugar get from the leaves to the roots in plants for winter storage?
TranspirationTranslocation
Overview
Overview
Overview
Try This!What is the similarity between
xylem and phloem tissue?What is the difference between
xylem and phloem tissue?
Types of TissueDermal tissue – outer protective
coveringVascular tissue – carries out
transportation of materials between roots and shoots◦Xylem – transports water and
dissolved minerals up from roots into the shoots
◦Phloem – transports sugars from leaves to other parts of plant (sites of growth)
Ground tissue – not dermal or vascular
Xylem Cells – water conducting cells
Phloem Cells – sugar conductive cells
Try This!Explain the difference between
passive transport and active transport.
Plasmolysis an effect of osmosis, which is an example of passive transport
Transport from Roots to Shoots
Vocabulary to listen for:◦xylem◦xylem sap◦mycorrhizae◦inorganic ions◦apoplastic route◦symplastic route◦plasmodesmata◦casparian strip◦endodermis cells
Try This: Explain the transport of water and nutrients from roots to shoots
Transport up shoots to leaves: Transpiration through XylemVocabulary to listen for:
◦transpiration◦hydrogen bonds◦cohesion◦adhesion◦solute◦stomata◦guard cells
Question to listen for:◦How do (C3) plants prevent
excessive water loss in hot, dry environment?
Stomata! Open and Closed
Stomata! Open and Closed
Turgid Flaccid
Try This: Explain the transport of water and nutrients up shoots to leaves
How and why does sugar move through a plant?Phloem Translocation in SummerPhloem Translocation in SpringVocabulary to
listen for:◦phloem◦phloem sap◦tranlocation◦sugar source◦sugar sink◦tap root
◦sieve-tube elements
◦osmosis◦water pressure◦bulk flow◦active transport◦starch
Try This: Explain the transport of sugar from sugar source to sugar sink in spring and late summer
Try This!Remember the equation for
water potential?
Explain the equationIf the in cell A is greater
than the in cell B, which way will
water move?
S P+=
Try This!Remember the equation for
water potential?
Explain the equationIf the in cell A is greater
than the in cell B, which way will
water move?Water moves from high water
potential to low water potential, so from cell A to cell B
S P+=
Water Potential
Solute Potential (lower [solute] means higher solute potential)
Pressure Potential (the more water, the higher the pressure potential exerted by the cell wall)
Try This!Predict the effect on water potential of:◦Addition of solutes to distilled water◦Loss of turgor pressure within a plant
leaf
S P+=
Try This!Predict the effect on water potential of:◦Addition of solutes to distilled water◦Loss of turgor pressure within a plant
leaf Higher
Lower
S P+=
Important Vocab:Bulk Flow: the movement of
water through a plant from regions of high pressure to regions of low pressure.
◦Water and solute move through both xylem and phloem tissue by way of bulk flow
Try These Questions:Transpiration has been described as a “necessary evil.” Explain the costs and benefits of transpiration to a plant.
Now…Finish Reading Guide HandoutGo through Ch 36 Animations
onlineBioflix!Read Investigation 11 for next
week