Placemaking - Creating the City of the Future...Michigan Municipal League September 23, 2009...
Transcript of Placemaking - Creating the City of the Future...Michigan Municipal League September 23, 2009...
Michigan Municipal League September 23, 2009
Placemaking - Creating the City of the Future
Michigan Communities
DetroitFlint Holland Grand Rapids Battle Creek MidlandAnn Arbor
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
CASE STUDY: Campus Martius Park Detroit, Michigan
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Campus Martius – Introduction
Mayor’s vision: To develop “the best public space in the world”
PPS worked with the Campus Martius Mayor’s Task Force and Detroit 300 Conservancy
Designer: Rundell Ernstberger Associates, LLC
Campus Martius opened in November 2004
CASE STUDY: Campus Martius Park Detroit, Michigan
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Campus Martius – Conclusions
“Campus Martius has become a very special place. It is the lynch pin connecting downtown.”Danny Sampson, Vice President of Brokerage, Sterling Group
2.24 million square feet of new or renovated space in
the lots fronting on Campus Martius, including new ground floor retail
$454 million spent on new buildings fronting Campus Martius, with multi-million dollar projects still underway
Approximately 300 new condos/apartments planned within a 2-block radius of Campus Martius
New ¾ acre park expands and extends Campus Martius
Huge variety of programming includes daily activities, large events and festivals, and both active and passive uses
Active management presence with Campus Martius as its sole focus
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Current Economic Situation, is-
An opportunity to fix and redefine cities around Local Values and AssetsThe competition to build great cities aroundAuthentic Destinations is the “New” AgendaThe new/old Development Strategy is around “Public” DestinationsGreat Cities are more and more defined by their NeighborhoodsThere is a growing interest in connecting Green with Place…or Sustainability with Placemaking
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Regions where Placemaking has RootsSingaporeSouth KoreaJapan Hong Kong
Czech RepublicMontenegroSerbiaKosovoCroatiaHungary PolandSlovakiaRomaniaBulgariaGeorgiaArmenia
AustraliaNew Zealand
NetherlandsNorwayUK/ Scotland
Canada
MexicoColombiaArgentinaChileBrazilSt Kitts/Nevis
South AfricaTanzaniaDubaiAbu Dhabi
Chicago
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Metropolitan Planning Council
“Placemaking” is an overarching idea and a hands-on tool for improving a Neighborhood, City or Region. It has the potential to be one of the most transformative ideas of this century
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
SIX Big “low/no” Cost Ideas
• Comfort and Affection• Placemaking• Power of 10• Zealous Nuts – It has to be a Campaign• The Community is the Expert/Process• Convergence
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACESCitisense June 23, 2009, Sandefjord, Norway
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACESCitisense June 23, 2009, Sandefjord, Norway
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACESCitisense June 23, 2009, Sandefjord, Norway
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
48 U.S. States, 7 Canadian Provinces30 Countries2500 Communities2 Million visitors to our web sites (2008)35,000 people get our electronic newsletter
34 Years of Placemaking
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
William H. (Holly) WhyteThe Organization Man,1956The Exploding Metropolis, 1958The Last Landscape, 1968Plan for the City of New York, 1969The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces, 1980City: Rediscovering the Center, 1988
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
One of the best things about water is the look and feel of it…It’s not right to put water before people and then keep them away from it.
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Museum of Modern Art - NYC
Blank walls are an end in themselves. They declare the supremacy of architecture over humanity, of a building over a person.
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Benches are artifacts, the purpose of which is to punctuate architectural photographs. They are not so good for sitting.
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
If you want to seed a place with activity, put out food.
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
If no one wants to go out to the Park, no one is going to stop them.
─ Yogi Berra
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
What Makes a Great Place?
sociability uses & activities
access & linkages comfort & image
Welcoming
evening usevolunteerism
street life
transit usage
parking usage patternspedestrian activity
Walkable ConvenientAccessible
Charm CleanAttractive
Historic
Safe
building conditionsenvironmental data
sanitation ratingcrime stats
CooperativeNeighborly
property valuesland-use patterns
retail sales
business ownership
Special Real
FunActive Vital
Connected
Key AttributesIntangiblesMeasurements
PLACE
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
What is Placemaking?
Placemaking is a dynamic human function: it is an act of liberation, of staking claim, and of beautification; it is true human empowerment.Placemaking is turning a neighborhood, town or city from a place you can’t wait to get through to one you never want to leave.
Citisense June 23, 2009, Sandefjord, Norway
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
When you focus on a place, you do everything differently.
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
When you focus on a place, you do everything differently.
Citisense June 23, 2009, Sandefjord, Norway
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Why don’t we have better Centers, Streets or Public Spaces today?
• Fear• Narrow Development Goals• Project-driven vs. Place-
driven Planning• Discipline-Based
Planning/Design vs. Community-Based Placemaking
• Governmental Structure
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
The best way to handle the problem of undesirables is to make a place attractive to everyone else. –William H. Whyte
Citisense June 23, 2009, Sandefjord, Norway
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Old Way
New Way
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Crisis driven, Politically initiated Relies on
professionals and “experts”
Expensive
Community is resistant
Static designs
Results in limited experience of place
Narrow Goals
Proj
ect /
Dis
cipl
ine
Driv
en A
ppro
ach
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Each profession has become its own audience. ─
Pope Coleman
Project/DisciplineDriven Approach
• Empowers Communities• Attracts partners, money
& creative solutions• Professionals become
resources• Design supports uses• Solutions are flexible• Engagement and
commitment grow
Plac
e / C
omm
unity
Driv
en A
ppro
ach
1. The community is the expert2. You are creating a place not just a design3. You can’t do it alone4. They always say it can’t be done5. You can see a lot just by observing6. Develop a vision/power of 107. Form supports function8. Triangulate9. Start with the petunias10. Money is not the issue11. You are never finished
Principles of CreatingGreat Public Spaces
Translating IdeasInto Action
Implementation
Underlying Ideas
Planning & OutreachTechniques
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
1. The community is the expert2. You are creating a place not just a
design3. You can’t do it alone4. They always say it can’t be done
11 Principles of Placemaking
Underlying Ideas
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
The Power of Ten
Layering of uses to create synergy (Triangulation) =
District
Region/City/Town/Neighborhood
Destinations
Place
10+ destinations
10+ places
10+ things to do
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Singapore - 10 Sites
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
NYC Destinations 1980
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Power of 10 Destinations Today
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
New York City Transformed:Rockefeller Center Times Square
Bryant Park Union Square
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Rockefeller Center
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Placemaking in Times Square
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Festival with 46th Street CrossoverTimes Square
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Building Community through TransportationCommunity Anchors Public Markets & Local Economies Great Places, Great Cities
Transformative Agendas
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Streets as PlacesThinking Beyond the Station
PPS Initiative: Building Community Through Transportation
The street is the river of life,the place where we come to together,
the pathway to the center.– William H. Whyte
What if We Built Streets as Public Spaces?
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
The erosion of cities by automobiles proceeds as a kind of nibbling. Small nibbles at first but eventually hefty bites. A street is widened here, another is straightened there, a wide avenue is converted to one way flow and more land goes into parking. No one step in this process is in itself crucial but cumulatively the effect is enormous.
Jane Jacobs, 1954
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
When you design your community around cars…you get more cars.
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
When you design your community around people …you get more people.
From Adequate to Extraordinary
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
“The only way to make a busy road intersection safe is to make it feel dangerous.”
Shared Streets
STREETS AS PLACES
Drachten, Holland
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Shared StreetsDrachten, Holland
STREETS AS PLACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACESSTREETS AS PLACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACESSTREETS AS PLACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACESSTREETS AS PLACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACESSTREETS AS PLACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
ActualCrashes
STREETS AS PLACES
Before
AfterAfter
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Quality of Traffic Flow
Before
AfterA after After
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Quality of Public Space
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
“If you want vehicles to behave like they are in a village, build a village.”
"Essentially, what it means is a transfer of power and responsibility from the state to the individual and the community.
-Hans Monderman
STREETS AS PLACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PPS Initiative:
Public Markets & Local Communities
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Barcelona
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACESGraham Street Market – Hong Kong
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Types of Markets
1. Open AirParking lots/Vacant sitesParks and other public spacesStreet markets (with/without adjacent retail)
2. Covered Markets3. Market Halls
Structures Built for MarketsRe-use/building conversions
4. Market Districts
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Benefit of market to community(customer’s view)
5.1% 5.9%
12.2% 12.6%13.7% 15.0%
17.7%
28.2%
11.1%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
Business
opport
unities
Entertai
nment
Freshness
Conven
ience
Help Economy
Price
Products
Brings p
eople togeth
erOther
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Public markets and community:A new paradigm
Public market goals
• Effective location
• Functional design
• Critical mass of customers
• Sustainable operations / economic viability
• Successful local businesses
• Community gathering place
Community development goals
• Jobs/entrepreneurship
• Neighborhood revitalization
• Health / nutrition
• Urban/rural connection
• Active public space
• Community service delivery
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
10%
28%
16%
22%
13%11%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
$0-100 $101-500 $501-1,000
$1001-5,000
$5,001-10,000
>$10,000
Start up cost for market vendors
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Case Study: Granville Island
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Key Opportunities
Entrance to Granville Island
Basford Park Railspur Alley & ParkWaterfront Park & Triangle Square
Keg Square & Anderson StMarket Square
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PPS Initiative Community Anchors
An Architecture of Place
Citisense June 23, 2009, Sandefjord, Norway
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
The Return of the Civic Square
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Managing a Civic Square:Pioneer Courthouse Square
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Pioneer Courthouse Square -- Events
Events Schedule289 Programmed Events 2002333 Programmed Events 2008
0
10
20
30
40
50
Jul-02 Aug-02 Sep-02 Oct-02 Nov-02 Dec-02 Jan-03 Feb-03 Mar-03 Apr-03 May-03 Jun-03
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Pioneer Courthouse Square -- Events
Types of Events
Charity Fundraisers
3%
Community Gatherings
24%
Concerts5%
Festivals17%
Private Events2%
Product Promotions
11%
Public Info/Education
10%
Video Shot3%
Unprogrammed Days22%
Political Events1%
Event Promotions
2%
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Security -- City Funding
23%
Facility - Parks
Department6%
Event Rentals18%
Tenant Leases
24%
In Kind Donations
17%
Event Sponsorships
12%
Pioneer Courthouse Square -- Revenue
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Guggenheim Museum – Bilbao, Spain
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
“I don’t do context” --Frank Gehry
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Urban Age Conference with London School of Economics – Feb. 2005
“It is a shame that Jane Jacob’s work has disconnected the study of cities from cities…she has created an era of hyper-nostalgia which gets in the way of progress”
Rem Koolhaas
“Jane Jacobs was the first real brave attempt to understand how cities work”
Michael Sorkin
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Seattle Public Library
Theatres/Museums
Transit
HospitalCoffeeShop
Library
Schools
Parks
Civic Institutions Today
CommunityCenter
City Hall
Parks
City Hall CommunityCenter
Theatres/MuseumsTransitHospital
CoffeeShop
Library
Schools
Civic Spaces, Community Gathering
Spaces/Markets
Civic Institutions of the Future
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
“The blunt calculation by public officials that if they can’t make their downtowns and neighborhoods appealing, they can’t compete… all of these hinge on the deceptively simple challenge of creating places… that people intuitively like.”-- Governing Magazine
“Converging Ideas around Place”
Citisense June 23, 2009, Sandefjord, Norway
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Environmental Sustainability
Civil Society/Democracy Building
Public Health and Community Livability
Community Development &Smart Growth
Energy & Consumption
Convergence of Movements
PLACES
Local Food Systems
Transportation & Land Use
Local Economies
Historic Preservation
Citisense June 23, 2009, Sandefjord, Norway
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
• Good places breed healthy activity.
• People attract people attract people.
• When you focus on place, you do everything differently.
• It takes many disciplines and skills to create a place.
• It takes a community to create a place.
• Amenities that make a place comfortable are critical.
• You can’t know what you are going to end up with.
• Each place has its own identity.
• You can’t have anything less than excellence.
• You have to have zealous nuts.
• It has to be a…
Characteristics of Great Public Spaces
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
It has to be a Campaign
Developa vision
Become greatcommunicators
Search forimpediments
Organize astrong team
AttackComplacency
Produce short term
wins
Take on bigger
challenges
Connect changeto the culture
of the community
People Who Make Dramatic Change By John Kotter
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Free Making Places
Newsletter
Training & Conferences
Publications & Resources
www.pps.org [email protected]