Pioneers of Animation

Stop Motion animation

Unit 33

Joseph Plateau

Phenakitoscope

William Horner

• ZoetropeWilliam horner was a pionner of animation and moving image, he invented the zeotrope in 1834, the zeotrope is the third major optical toy and was more convenient than its predaseccor as it did not require a viewing mirror.It worked by placing film strips on the slits and spinning the mechanism, the faster the spin, the smoother the image, (i.e. FPS) it could also be used by more than one person at once. The zoetrope is effectivly an upgraded phenkitascope however it was an important upgrade as it led to the praxinoscope being made in 1877 by emile reynaud.

Emile reynaud

• Praxinoscope

The praxinoscope was the successor to william horners zeotrope and is also one of the 3 major optical toys

Edward Muybridge

What did he do?- he created the first stop motion animation using a horse and a camera, he took photos of a horse running in order to settle an argument and when he played the pictures back it gave the appearance of the horse running this meant the first motion picture was created in 1882 and ended up being titled Horse in motion.‘On a specially whited out section of track, Muybridge placed a row of 24 cameras with electric shutters, which would be triggered in sequence, four every second, as the horse passed by. By this means, Muybridge did more than freeze the moment; he took a scalpel to time itself.’- BBCThis earned him the title of father of motion picture

‘Eadweard James Muybridge was an English photographer important for his pioneering work in photographic studies of motion and in motion-picture projection.’

Edison

• kinetoscopeThomas Edison is arguably the most famous inventor of all time he made many key contributions to society, in the film industry his greatest invention came from an inspiration from another man, Edward Muybridge, his work inspired Edison to make the worlds first movie camera. The camera showed successive photos in a rapid speed so as to make them appear to be moving. This paved the way for cinema as we know today.

"... Thomas Edison was more responsible than any one else for creating the modern world .... No one did more to shape the physical/cultural makeup of present day civilization.... Accordingly, he was themost influential figure of the millennium...." - Thomas Edison.com

Lumière Brothers

• First motion picture using the cinematographeThe first film the brothers shot was done on march 19 1895 and was a short film of people leaving a factory called, workers leaving the Lumiere factory.

The father, Antoine, was invited to a showing of Thomas Edison’s Kinetoscope in Paris; his description of the peephole machine on his return to Lyon set Louis and Auguste to work on the problem of combining animation with projection. Louis found the solution, which was patented in 1895.

and became the stepping stone into the world of cinema and photography we know now.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nj0vEO4Q6s

George Pal