AGR 424HARMFUL &

BENEFICIAL INSECTS IN PINEAPPLE

PREPARED FORMADAM SITI NUR ANISAH BT. AANI

AT 220 2A1 STUDENTS

PREPARED BYMOHD AMIRURRAHMAT B. MOHD

ZAINMUHD AMIN B. ABD RAHNI

HARMFUL INSECT

Scientific name: Phenacoccus ssp., Order : HomopteraFamily: PseudococcidaeType: pest (insect/mite) Host

plants:Pineapple ,Sugarcane ,Yam 

Mealybugs

LIFE CYCLE

• Very small and are laid under a white,

loose woolly wax.

• Attached to the abdomen of the females.

• A female may lay between 50 to 600 eggs.

MEALYBUGS EGGS

MEALYBUGS NYMPHS

• Very small nymphs are flat, oval and yellow.

• Covered with fluffy, white wax. • Older female nymphs resemble the adults• Male nymphs secrete a tiny, fluffy cocoon,

within which they develop into winged adults.

• Upon hatching young mealybugs, known as crawlers, are extremely mobile and may disperse over large distances.

ADULT MEALYBUGSFemale• soft-bodied, elongated, oval insects with

well-developed legs. • 3 to 5 mm long. • Body - covered with a mealy waxy

secretion, often extended into lateral and terminal filaments.

• Wingless and do not move unless disturbed.

CONT.Male• One pair of wings and several pairs of

eyes but no mouthparts. • Males fly about seeking females to mate

with. • No males and females reproduce without

mating. • Some species lay eggs, and others give

birth to living young.

SYMPTOMSGrowing points: deadheart, abnormal forms.

Leaves: abnormal colours, abnormal forms, abnormal

leaf fall, wilting, yellowed or dead, honeydew.

Roots: reduced root system.

Stems: abnormal forms, abnormal growth, dieback.

Fruits: scarring, discolouration, honeydew, sooty mould.

Whole plant: wilting, plant dead, dieback, dwarfing.

DAMAGE• Sucking sap from roots, tender leaves, petioles

and fruit• Excrete honeydew on which sooty mould

develops.• Leaves turn yellow and gradually dry• Shedding of leaves and inflorescences, reduced

fruit setting and shedding of young fruit• Foliage and fruit - covered with sticky

honeydew• Honeydew- cover leaves reducing

photosynthetic efficiency.

Before After

Before After

CULTURAL

PRACTICES • Removing mealybugs by rubbing or

picking mealybugs from affected plants. • Pruning and destroying affected parts. • Removing and destroying heavily

infested plants.• Spraying a steady stream of water on

the host plant to knock-off mealybugs.

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL

Natural enemies• Most common natural enemies include

parasitic wasps, ladybird beetles, hover flies and lacewings.

• Many ants are present, or when broad-spectrum pesticides are used, they kill the natural enemies, mealybugs become a problem.

BIOPESTICIDES CONTROL

Neem • Products have a repellent effect on some mealybugs. • For example, a 1% hexane extract of neem seeds repelled the

citrus mealybug in a choice test. Soap spray • Sray with soapy solutions (1 to 2%) or insecticidal soaps. • Spraying with a soap and water solution is reported to

control mealybugs. • spray only infested plants (spot spraying).

Oils• Oils such as vegetable oils (e. g. rape oil) neem oil and

mineral oils are useful for control of mealybugs.

BENEFICIAL INSECT

Green lacewing (Chrysoperla spp.)• Description

Lacewings (green and brown) are important predators in many agricultural systems worldwide

They are marked by their longevity (life period of adult green lacewings live 2.5-3 months), high fecundity and fast developmental rates

These nocturnal predators come in three major forms: eggs, larvae and adults

The larvae are the only predatory form of this insect. these predators may eat outside of their prey bodies to enjoy other soft-bodied pests: scale insect immature stages

LIFE CYCLE

ADULT LACEWING• Characteristics :

Elongate, soft body 2 pairs of membranous wings of relatively

equal size Complex wing venation with main vein forked

along the bottom edge of the wing. Wings are held tent-like over the body when at rest

Mandibulate mouthparts Relatively large compound eyes Have long, filiform antennae, which may be

clubbed in some species

Adult lacewing

LACEWING EGGS• Characteristic :

Oval and pale green in color Long and look like an antennae that attaches

to the branches and leaves (one egg each antennae)

Hatch after 5 days after laid Every laid consist of 20-30 eggs/day

Lacewing eggs

LACEWING LARVAE• Characteristics :

Their wingless bodies are usually flat and tapered at both ends

Their heads are flat with mouthparts directed forward and the jaws are long and may be toothed or smooth

Five to seven eyespots on each side of the head, and their eyesight is very poor

The antennae are long or short The thorax is usually short and wide (first

segment long)

CONT. The legs are short and strong for digging The abdomen covered with hairlike structures Requires 12 days to transform into cocoon

Lacewing larvae

LACEWING COCOON• Characteristics :

Look like a pot or rounded container made from silk and sand particles after the larvae spins

Attaches to downside leaves, branches and wood bark

Open at the top when the cocoon matured

Lacewing cocoon

BENEFITS TO PINEAPPLE

• Adults lacewing eat bugs and other small insects

• Lacewing larvae is a fast-moving predator that patrol plants from bugs

• Outside our country, this pest are well develop as an business, which are reproductive in many small pots or container before being sell to farmer for biological control method

THANK YOU VERY MUCH