Picture by Christine Nolan & Indraneel Kumar; Linda, Wikimedia Commons.
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Indiana’s Local and Regional Food Logistics Assets & Networks Indiana Rural Summit, Indianapolis, IN November 14th , 2012 Picture by Christine Nolan & Indraneel Kumar; Linda, Wikimedia Commons
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Transcript of Picture by Christine Nolan & Indraneel Kumar; Linda, Wikimedia Commons.
Indiana’s Local and Regional Food Logisti cs Assets & Networks
I n d i a n a R u r a l S u m m i t , I n d i a n a p o l i s , I NN o v e m b e r 1 4 t h , 2 0 1 2
Picture by Christine Nolan & Indraneel Kumar; Linda, Wikimedia Commons
Structure
Background Research
• The Well Traveled Yogurt Pot
• Food-miles Concept: Pros & Cons
• Foodsheds
• Specialized Supply (cold/cool) Chains
Data
• Food Logistics Infrastructure & Data Sources
Interactive Tools
• Processed Food Flows, IN & USA
• Indiana’s Food Infrastructure
• Farmers’ Market
The Well Traveled
Yogurt Pot
Source: Stefanie Böge, The Well-traveled Yogurt Pot, World Transport Policy & Practice, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1995
Map developed by the PCRD
Strawberries
Jam
Yogurt culture, paper, resin, glue
Corn & Wheat powder Labels &
Plastics
Milk
Glass Jars
o 150 g Yogurt pot
o Strawberries- Poland- West
Germany- Southern Germany
o Corn and wheat powder-
Holland- West Germany-
Southern Germany
o Labels and plastics- West
Germany
o Glass jars- East Germany
o Milk- Stuttgart hinterlands
“In general, volume of road freight (tons) is stagnating, volume of freight movement (ton-miles) is increasing”………Stefanie Böge, 1995
The Well Traveled Yogurt Pot
o Environmental consequences- emissions of SO2, Nox, and dust
o Diesel and fossil fuel expenses (non-renewable energy sources)
o For one truck-load of yogurt in southern Germany , a theoretical truck-load has to move 1,005 KM.
Source: Stefanie Böge, The Well-traveled Yogurt Pot, World Transport Policy & Practice, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1995
Food-Miles Concepto “Farm to the Fork”- distance traveled by food (Angela Paxton,
1994)
o Energy used, GHG emissions, other environmental impacts
o Favors locally grown food vs. imported food, which use air freight and other transport modes
Source: Paxton, Angela, Food Miles Report: Danger of Long Distance Transport, Sep 1st, 1994.Xuereb, Marc, And Miles to Go Before I Eat-Home Grown Hurrah, Alternatives Journal, University of Waterloo, 32:3, 18-20, 2006
o Waterloo Project, Canada- 58 imported foods traveled on average 4,500 KM with estimated GHG emissions of 51,709 tons
Food-Miles Concept
o Economic Input Output Life Cycle Analysis for food production
o The average U.S. household’s carbon footprint from food consumption is 8.1 ton CO2/year (Weber, 2008)
o Of 8.1 ton CO2/Year, 83% of GHG emissions are from production and only 11% is from the transportation of food materials (Weber, 2008)
o Food is transported long distances, average 1,640 KM for delivery and 6,760 KM life cycle supply chain (Weber, 2008)
o Arguments for locally grown foods should not be based solely on food-miles and environmental benefits
Source: Christopher L. Weber & H. Scott Matthews, Food-Miles and the Relative Climate Impacts of Food Choices in the United States, Environmental Science & Technology, 42, 3508-3513, 2008
Foodshedso Similar to Watersheds, Laborsheds and Commutesheds
o Area of land and waters within a region from which food is produced in order to deliver nutrition to a population base (Roots of Change, 2012)
o Foodsheds can cross jurisdictional boundaries; depend on population needs and production capacity of the lands
o Include production (farms, ranches, community gardens), infrastructure (composting facilities, distribution centers, transportation), wholesale and retail sites, etc.
o San Francisco: 100-mile radius foodshed around the city was studied
o NIRPC Food Study: 100-mile radius foodshed
Source: http://www.planning.org/planning/2012/jan/foodgroupsside.htmhttp://nirpc.org/home/pdf/LocalFoodStudy-FinalDraft.pdf
Foodshedso Feeding Chicago Project estimated a hinterland of 80-mile buffer
sufficient to feed the city’s inhabitants (Schuble et al., 2011)
o Foodshed model is based on soil yield data, soil type, drainage, etc.
o Assumptions about nutrition intake, dietary habits, etc.
o Core of GIS-based model has an “optimization routine”
o New York City Regional Food Initiative study- Philadelphia, around 100-mile region; New York metro region, around 200-mile region
Source: Schuble, Todd, Esther Brown and Pamela Martin, The University of Chicago, Modeling the relationship between food, energy, and environmental impacts, 2011, http://www.esri.com/news/arcuser/0911/making-connections.html
New York City Regional Foodshed Initiative, Urban Design Lab, The Earth Institute, Columbia University, http://www.urbandesignlab.columbia.edu/?pid=nyc_foodshed
Cold Chainso Specialized temperature controlled transport and distribution systems
o U.S. imports about 30% of fruits & vegetables and around 20% of exports are perishable (Rodrigue & Nottenboom, 2012)
o Subtropolis, Kansas City- comparative advantage of geography, ambient temperature 180-210C , 4.5 Sq. KM of potential space, 5-million Sq. feet space in use, up to 70% savings in utility costs (Rodrigue, J-P et al., 2012; The Atlantic; HuntMidwest)
Source: Rodrigue, J-P et al. (2012) The Geography of Transport Systems, Hofstra University, Department of Global Studies & Geography, http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans
Subtropolis, U.S.A., The Atlantic, http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/05/subtropolis-usa/308033/#
Hunt Midwest, http://www.huntmidwest.com/subtropolis/benefits.html
Image Source: Ameriacsroof, Wikipedia
Cold Chainso Subsurface distribution and warehousing- Kansas City, Independence,
Springfield, MO
o Modes- Refrigerated railcars and truck trailers (reefers); air; not so much of intermodal ship containers
o Cold chain logistics- fruits, processed food, meat/seafood, beverage, flowers, pharmaceuticals, etc.
o Canada to Mexico export of processed and perishable food items (Prentice & McLachlin, 2008)
o Panama Canal Expansion- Panama’s investments on new cold chain infrastructure, seaports, free trade zone, railways, airports
Source: Prentice, Barry E. and Ron McLachlin, Refrigerated Food Transport from Canada to Mexico: Cold Chain Challenges, Journal of the Transportation Research Forum, Vol. 47, No. 2, Summer 2008.A New Cold Chain for Panama, http://www.foodlogistics.com/article/10307525/a-new-cold-chain-for-panama
Fo o d Lo g i s ti c s I n f ra s t r u c t u r e : H i g h w ay s & Wa te r w ay sAg & Food Products:o Animal feed
o Cereal grains
o Live animals/fish
o Meat/seafood
o Milled grain products
o Other Ag products
o Other/processed food stuffs
• Trucks carried 85% (2.6 billion tons) of Ag & Food commodities by weight in 2007; Water modes only 3%
• Trucks carried 90% ( $ 1.6 trillion) of Ag & Food commodities by value in 2007; Water modes only 1%
Map developed by the PCRDSource: NTAD, FAF 3.3, FHWA, ORNL, ArcGIS Online
Food Logisti cs Infrastructure : Ra i l roads
Map developed by the PCRD
Source: NTAD, FAF 3.3, FHWA, FRA, ORNL, ArcGIS Online
• Railroads carried 8% (237 million tons) of Ag & Food commodities by weight in 2007; Multiple modes and mail only 3%
• Railroads carried only 3% (60 billion $) of Ag & Food commodities by value in 2007; Multiple modes and mail only 3%
By Weight
• 63.5% is cereal grains
• 13% is processed food stuffs
• 5% is milled grain products
M o v e m e nt o f Fo o d -r e l a te d C o m m o d i ti e s
o Freight Analysis Framework 3
o Oak Ridge National Laboratory
o Commodities
o Freight movement by 7 modes
o Truck, Rail, Water, Air, Multiple modes, Pipeline, Other modes
Map developed by the PCRD
Processed Food Stuffs:o Dairy productso Processed or prepared
vegetableso Fruits, other nuts,
juiceso Coffee, tea, and spiceso Animal or vegetable
fats and oils, prepared edible fats, flours, oil seeds
o Sugars, confectionary, cocoa preparations
o Other edible preparations
o Non-alcoholic beverages and ice
Map developed by the PCRD
Food Logisti cs Infrastructure: Intermodals
Source: NTAD; FAF 2.2, FHWA; SRTM Elevation Data, ESRI
Interacti ve Tools
FSNATFood Supply Network Analys is & Tools
FIATFood Infrastructure Analys is & Tools
I n d i a n a ’s Fo o d I n f ra s t r u c t u r e : Fa r m e r ’s M a r ke t
Data from USDA, Ag Marketing Service, map developed by the PCRD
• 168 locations, 2010
D & B data, map developed by the PCRD
I n d i a n a ’s F o o d I n f r a s t r u c t u r e : F u l l a n d L i m i t e d S e r v i c e R e s t a u r a n t s
D & B data, map developed by the PCRD
o 10,687 restaurants
o NAICS 722110
o NAICS 722211
o D & B data
o All types of food destinations are not covered
o Day-time vs. resident population
o ORNL, LandScan database
I n d i a n a ’s F o o d I n f r a s t r u c t u r e : F u l l a n d L i m i t e d S e r v i c e R e s t a u r a n t s
G r o c e r y S t o r e s , A v a i l a b i l i t y & P r o x i m i t y
Source: http://maps.ers.usda.gov/FoodAtlas/foodenv5.aspx
o Supermarkets with at least $ 2 million annual sales are included
o County level information
E S R I A r c G I S E x p l o r e r O n l i n e
o Accessibility to supermarkets is available- walking and driving
o Supermarkets with at least $ 1 million sales are included
o NAVTEQ transportation network data
Source: http://explorer.arcgis.com/?open=a0fcf79c205f454995d89086c8f518e3
Farmers ’ Market
o Making locally grown food more available (USDA)
o Fresh & nutritious food products for urban consumers
o Get to know the origins of your food!
o 6,806 markets, 2010 are mapped
o 7,864 markets, November 2012, USDA, National Farmers Market Directory
Picture by Indraneel Kumar
Resources
o Spatial Analysis & Mapping of Food Systems, Cornell University,http://guides.library.cornell.edu/content.php?pid=84833&sid=639443
o ArcGIS Online Food Deserts Group, http://www.arcgis.com/home/group.html?owner=jimhe&title=Food%20Deserts
o Food Environment Atlas, http://ers.usda.gov/foodatlas/
o MarketMaker, http://national.marketmaker.uiuc.edu/
o Local Foodshed Mapping Tool for New York State, http://www.cals.cornell.edu/cals/css/extension/foodshed-mapping.cfm#foodshed
o Northwest Indiana Local Food Study, http://nirpc.org/home/pdf/LocalFoodStudy-FinalDraft.pdf
o Hoosier Farmer? Emergent Food Systems in Indiana, http://www.crcworks.org/infood.pdf
Thank you!
Purdue Center for Regional DevelopmentGerald D. and Edna E. Mann Hall, Suite 266
203 Martin Jischke DriveWest Lafayette, IN 47907
Contacts
Scott [email protected]
Indraneel [email protected]
Andrey [email protected]
Today’s Presenters
Indraneel Kumar, [email protected]
Andrey Zhalnin, [email protected]
