Pick up an Interactive Notebook packet and answer the “Processing” questions (#1-3)
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Transcript of Pick up an Interactive Notebook packet and answer the “Processing” questions (#1-3)
Pick up an Interactive Notebook packet and answer the Processing questions (#1-3)
Pick up an Interactive Notebook packet and answer the Processing questions (#1-3) Confronting the Issue of SlaveryChapter 21Section 2Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Process for forming new states
Unspoken agreement to keep free states and free states equal
Questions About MissouriNortherners questioned whether Missouri should be slave or free
Allowing Missouri to be entered as a slave state would open slavery to the Louisiana Territory and beyond
A northerners nightmareThe Tallmadge AmendmentRep. James Tallmadge suggested that Missouri could only be entered as free
Sparked debate on states rights and slavery
A Deadlocked CongressNorth had more representatives in the House
Equal in the Senate
Southern senators able to block anti-slave laws
Missouri would change thatA Deadlocked Congress (continued)Tallmadge Amendment awakened strong anti-slavery feelings
Anti-Slavery petitions sent to Congress
House approved Tallmadge Amendment
Defeated in Senate The Missouri compromise Chapter 21Section 3The Missouri CompromiseCongress returned to the debate in 1820
Maine was trying to achieve statehood as a free state
Southerners threatening secession and civil warA Compromise is ReachedCompromise crafted by Rep. Henry Clay
Admitted Missouri as slave and Maine as free
Drew a line through the Louisiana TerritoryNorth of the line = Future free statesSouth of the line = Future slave states
Reactions to the Compromise Unpopular decision
Northerners viewed it as the easy way out
Southerners disliked the ban on slavery in future western statesThe Missouri Compromise UnravelsChapter 21Section 4The Gag Rule Abolitionist movement flooded Congress with petitions
Abolitionists wanted Congress to question slavery in the District of Columbia
Congress decided to set aside all anti-slavery petitions and gag all debate on the issueThe Gag Rule (continued)John Quincy Adams proposed that no one could be born into slavery after 1845
Congress refused his proposal
Southern FearsNat Turners rebellion created fear in the south
Created stricter laws on transport of slaves
Reward for arresting abolitionists
Fugitive Slaves
Slavery in the TerritoriesGag rule delayed the slavery debate for 10 years
Wilmot Proviso added to a bill requesting funds for Mexican-American War
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in the territory acquired from Mexico Slavery in the Territories (continued)Southerners opposed the Wilmot Proviso
Passed in the House
Rejected in Senate
Statehood for CaliforniaSoutherners proposed extending the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific
Rejected by Northerners
Applied for statehood in 1849 as a free state
Statehood for California (continued)California would upset the balance between slave and free states
Deadlocked Congress once again
South continued threats of secessionThe compromise of 1850Chapter 21 Section 5Something for EveryoneHenry Clays plan
Admitted California
Allowed N. Mexico and Utah to decide on slavery
Ended slavery in D.C.
Something for Everyone (continued)Called for passing a strong fugitive slave act
Made it easier to find and reclaim runaway slavesThe Compromise is AcceptedCongress debated Clays compromise for 9 months
Accepted in 1850 after heated discussion and threats of civil warThe Compromise of 1850 FailsChapter 21Section 6
The Fugitive Slave ActSoutherners did not do enough to ensure the success of the act
Northerners did not want to enforce the act
Denied all rights of captured slavesThe Fugitive Slave Act (continued)Jailed people who helped escaped slaves
Northerners ridiculed slave catchers
Almost impossible to catch slaves in the northUncle Toms CabinWritten by Harriet Beecher Stowe
First published as short stories in an abolitionist newspaper
Published in 1852 as a full novel
The Ostend Manifesto and the Kansas-Nebraska ActOstend Manifesto was a message sent from three American diplomats to the Secretary of State
President Pierce was trying to purchase Cuba
The message called for the seizure of Cuba by force
Northerners believed Cuba was going to be a slave stateThe Ostend Manifesto and the Kansas-Nebraska Act (continued)Wanted to build a railroad to California
Believed the project would happen if the Great Plains was organized into states
The Ostend Manifesto and the Kansas-Nebraska Act (continued)Kansas and Nebraska Act
Created two new territories, Kansas and Nebraska (obviously)
Abolished the Missouri Compromise and allowed citizens of a territory to vote to allow slavery
Bloodshed in KansasMost new settlers were peaceful farmers
Others came to support or oppose slavery
Two separate governments createdBloodshed in Kansas (continued) On May 21, 1856, pro-slavery activists burned hotels, looted homes, destroyed printing presses
In response, John Brown and his sons killed five slave supporters with swords
Violence in CongressSenator Charles Sumner suspected Stephen Douglass had tried to make Kansas a slave state
Sumner described the crimes against Kansas as being in favor of slavery
Violence in Congress (continued)Sumner verbally attacked Senator Butler on his pro-slavery stance
Preston Brooks, Butlers nephew beat Sumner with a metal tipped cane on the senate floor
Violence in Congress (continued)Took Sumner over 3 years to recover
Southerners applauded Brooks
Sent him replacement canes
The Dred Scott DecisionChapter 21Section 7The Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott was a slave who traveled to Wisconsin with his masterSlavery was banned in Wisconsin
Scott claimed that his stay in Wisconsin made him free
Questions of the Case9 Supreme Court Justices total5 from the south4 from the north
Was Dred Scott a citizen?
Did his time in Wisconsin make him a free man?Two Judicial BombshellsScott could not sue for his freedom because he was not a citizenNo African American could ever become a citizen
The Missouri compromise was unconstitutionalTwo Judicial BombshellsThe Dred Scott decision opened slavery to all territories
Protected property rights of slave owners
Outraged Northerners
From Compromise To conflictChapter 21Section 8From Compromise to CrisisRepublican Party forms with anti-slavery beliefs
Abraham Lincoln nominated to run for Senate as a Republican The Lincoln-Douglass DebatesStephen Douglass believed in half free, half slave
Lincoln believed slavery was a moral issue
Lincoln lost the election but turned into a national figure
John Browns RaidAnti-slavery extremist
Wanted to capture guns and ammo to create slave revolts
Raided the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA
John Browns Raid (continued)All of Browns followers either captured or killed
Told followers: You "will never get out alive"
Many Northerners believed Brown was a hero
The Election of 1860 and secessionChapter 21Section 9The Election of 1860 and SecessionRepublicans unite behind Lincoln
Democrats split between north and south
Constitutional Union Party forms
Abraham Lincoln is Elected PresidentDivision in parties allows Lincoln to be elected president
South now in the minority
Feared the abolishment of slavery
The South Secedes from the UnionLincoln would not interfere with slavery in the south
He would enforce the Fugitive Slave Act
He would not allow slavery to extend to the territoriesThe South Secedes from the UnionSouth Carolina is the first state to leave the United States
Six states follow
Formed the Confederate States of America February, 1861
The Civil War BeginsLincoln becomes president March 4th, 1861
Declares secession wrong and unconstitutional
Attack on Fort Sumter by the Confederates
The Civil War BeginsFort Sumter surrendered after 33 hours
Wave of patriotism in the North
Showed that the South was not afraid of using force
Official beginning of the Civil War