Phylum Annelida - Exploits Valley High | Grand Falls - · PPT file · Web...
Transcript of Phylum Annelida - Exploits Valley High | Grand Falls - · PPT file · Web...
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Phylum Annelida
The Segmented WormsEarthworm
Leech
Nereis
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Are There Many Kinds of Annelids??
• 15,000 species of annelids can be divided into three major groups
Polychaeta Oligocheata Hirudinea
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What Are Annelids?General Characteristics
• Bilateral symmetry• Definate anterior /
posterior ends• Distinguishable dorsal /
ventral side• True tissue / organ level of
organization
• Segmented bodies• The distinguishing feature
of all annelids» Annelida = “little
rings” • Range in size
• < 1mm up to 3 meters!!» Eg. giant Australian
earthworm
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The Internal Structure of
Annelids• Complete digestive
tract– Several specialized
regions• Circulatory system
– Closed vessels– Blood containing
hemoglobin• Nervous system
– Brain-like structure• Reproductive
structures– Ovaries and testes
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All Annelids Are Coelomates . . .
• They have a true body cavity– Coelom is lined with
mesoderm cell layer• “Tube-within-a-
tube” body plan– Outside tube
• Body wall– Inside tube
• Digestive tract
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Annelids are the simplest animals to have a true coelom!
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What happens to the “stuff” annelids eat?!?
• Specialized regions aid in digesting the organic matter in soils ingested – CROP
• Temporarily stores food
– GIZZARD• Thick walled
organ which grinds food
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Nereis . . . The Hunter• Marine Sandworm
– Found at tide level• Carnivorous
– Feeds on small animals• Distinct anterior segment
– Prostomium • 2 short tentacles + 2
palps• 2 pairs of small eyes
– Peristomium• 4 pairs of tentacles
surrounding mouth
Figure 32-14, Pg. 698
Tentacles Palps
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How does the pharynx work??
• The pharynx is extended out of the mouth
• Pointed claw-like jaws capture prey
• Pharynx pulls food back through mouth
• Food moves into intestine where digestion begins
Jaw
Pharynx
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These Guys Can Move!• Nereis have
structures allowing them to swim AND creep over sand
– Parapodia• Paddle-like extensions
– Setae• Bristle-like structures
Parapodia
Setae
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Reproduction in Annelids• Oligochaeta &
Hurudinea– Hermaphrodites
• Cross-fertilization– Internal
fertilization
• Polycheata– Separate sexes– External
fertilization» Gametes are
released through excretory organs
» Free-swimming larva
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Earthworms Create a Cocoon!
Clitellum : sperm are stored temporarily until a mucus cocoon is created to protect the fertilized eggs!
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Leeches: the ecto-parasite!• Feed on the blood of
their prey• Hirudin
»Enzyme which prevents blood clotting
• The jaws break through the host’s skin
• Blade-like jaws make incision
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Two Evolutionary Innovations
• The presence of a true coelom– Provides support
» Acts as a hydrostatic skeleton
– Room for organ development– Advancements in locomotion
» Not the dance!!!! . . . Motility!!!
• Segmentation of the body– Specialization of body regions
» Feeding and sensory input, motility
– Modification of various segments for different functions
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Worms today. . . Mollusks tomorrow!
Until then . . .
Be kind to your neighborly annelid . . .
You may depend on one someday!