Initial Environmental Examination

March 2018

PHI: Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management ProjectRehabilitation of Balitian, Bontoc Ili – Dalican Farm to

Market Road

Prepared by Municipality of Bontoc, Mountain Province for the Asian Development Bank.

ii

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

(as of 03 January 2018 Year)

The date of the currency equivalents must be within 2 months from the date on the cover.

Currency unit – peso (PhP)PhP 1.00 = $0.01921

$1.00 = PhP 49.8198

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank BDC Barangay Development Council BUB CHARMP2

Bottom-Up Budgeting Second Cordillera Highland Agricultural Resource Management Project

CNC Certificate of Non Coverage CSC Construction Supervision Consultant CSO DA

Civil Society Organization Department of Agriculture

DED Detailed Engineering Design DENR Department Of Environment And Natural Resources DILG Department of the Interior and Local Government DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development ECA Environmentally Critical Area ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate ECP Environmentally Critical Project EHSM Environmental Health And Safety Manager EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIS Environmental Impact Statement EMB ESS FMR

Environmental Management Bureau Environmental Safeguards Specialist Farm to Market Road

GAD Gender And Development IEE Initial Environmental Examination INREMP Integrated Natural Resources and Environment Management Project IP Indigenous People IROW Infrastructure Right Of Way LGU Local Government Unit MDC Municipal Development Council MPN Most Probable Number NAAQ National Ambient Air Quality Guidelines NCB National Competitive Bidding NECA Non Environmental Critical Area NECP Non Environmental Critical Project NIA NOL

National Irrigation Administration No Objection Letter

NPCO National Project Coordinating Office NRIMP National Road Improvement And Management Program NRM Natural Resources Management OMC Overhead, Contingencies And Miscellaneous And Contractor’s PCCP

PDR Portland Cement Concrete Pavement

Project Description Report

PMIC Project Management Implementation Consultant PPCO Provincial Project Coordination Offices RPMO Regional Project Management Office PMU Project Management Unit POs Peoples’ Organizations PSA Philippine Statistics Authority PWD Persons With Disability RC Reinforced Concrete RCPC Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert RPCO Regional Project Coordinating Offices REA Rapid Environmental Assessment ROW Right Of Way SB Sangguniang Bayan SBD Standard Bidding Document

SEMS Social And Environmental Management Systems SPMU Subproject Management Unit SPS SSS

Safeguard Policy Statement Social Safeguards Specialist

TA Technical Assistance TDS Total Dissolved Solids TOR Terms Of Reference TSP Total Suspended Particulates WMA WMC

Watershed Management Area Watershed Management Council

WMPCO Watershed Management And Project Coordination Offices

iii

iv

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

˚C – degree centigradeha – hectarekm – kilometerm – meter

m asl – meter above sea levelmm – millimeter

mg/L – milligram per litermg/Nm3 – milligram per normal cubic meter

ppt – parts per thousandμg/Nm3 – microgram per normal cubic meter

µS/cm – microSiemens/cm

% – percent

NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... 1

II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .......................................... 2

A. Environmental Clearance Requirements ........................................................................ 2

1. Government Environmental Laws, Regulations and Guidelines.................................. 2

2. ADB Environmental Assessment Requirements ......................................................... 5

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT............................................................................... 6

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ................................................................... 12

F. Water Quality ................................................................................................................ 17

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES............ 22

A. Pre-Construction .......................................................................................................... 24

1. Confirmation of no required resettlement, relocations, and compensation ................ 24

2. Identification and prioritization of road section where re-gravelling will be done........ 24

3. Preparation of detailed engineering designs and programs of work .......................... 24

4. Recruitment of workers............................................................................................. 25

B. Construction................................................................................................................. 25

1. Construction materials acquisition, transport access, and storage system................ 25

2. Clearing and removal of obstructions ....................................................................... 25

3. Soil erosion .............................................................................................................. 25

4. Ground surface leveling and gravelling of existing road ............................................ 26

5. Civil works ................................................................................................................ 26

6. Implementation of noise and dust control measure................................................... 26

7. Dust and noise from borrow pits ............................................................................... 26

8. Implementation of spoil management and control measure ...................................... 27

9. Solid and liquid construction waste management system ......................................... 27

10. Water quality......................................................................................................... 27

11. Construction drainage system............................................................................... 27

12. Workers health, safety and hygiene ...................................................................... 27

13. Traffic safety and management............................................................................. 28

14. Ecological environment (Flora and Fauna)............................................................ 28

15. Damaged to properties ......................................................................................... 28

16. Concrete washout ................................................................................................. 28

17. Use of Hazardous Substances.............................................................................. 29

18. Public safety ......................................................................................................... 29

C. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase................................................................... 29

1. Operation of upgraded access road.......................................................................... 29

V. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION ............... 30

A. Stakeholder Consultations ........................................................................................... 30

B. Information Disclosure ................................................................................................. 31

VI. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM....................................................................... 31

vi

VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................ 33

A. Implementation Arrangements ..................................................................................... 33

B. Environmental Mitigation .............................................................................................. 34

C. Environmental Monitoring ............................................................................................ 43

VIII. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION................................................................. 46

A. Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 46

B. Recommendation......................................................................................................... 47

vii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Bontoc Municipal Map ............................................................................................ 7 Figure 2: Bontoc Topographic Map ..................................................................................... 13 Figure 3: Elevation and Slope of the Proposed Road Improvement Subproject................... 14 Figure 4: Average Monthly Temperature and Rainfall within the Area ................................. 14 Figure 5: Bontoc Soil Series Map ........................................................................................ 15 Figure 6: Land Cover Distribution in Bontoc, Mt. Province .................................................. 16 Figure 7: Drainage Pattern of the BAAGMADOLI Watershed.............................................. 17

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Summary List of ECP Types and ECA Categories .................................................. 2

Table 2. Revised Guidelines for Coverage Screening and Standardized Requirements........ 4

Table 3. Breakdown of Cost Estimates for the Road Improvement Project.......................... 11

Table 4. Implementation Schedule ...................................................................................... 12

Table 5. Profile of the Upper Chico River Water Shed in the Municipality of Bontoc, Mountain Province .............................................................................................. 12

Table 6. Existing Land Use ................................................................................................. 16

Table 7. Physical and Chemical Water Analysis in Various Tributaries in Bontoc, Mountain Province .............................................................................................................. 18

Table 8. 2015 Population per Sex of Barangay Dalican ...................................................... 19

Table 9. Projected Population for the Next 5 Years ............................................................. 20

Table 10. Assessment of Potential Environmental Impact ................................................... 23

Table 11. Summary of Stakeholder Views of the Road Improvement in Dalican ................. 30

Table 12. Responsibilities for EMP Implementation ............................................................ 33

Table 13. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan.................................................................. 34

Table 14. Environmental Monitoring Plan ............................................................................ 44

LIST OF APPENDIXES

Appendix 1: CNC Application .............................................................................................. 48

Appendix 2: Pictures of the Road for Improvement ............................................................. 50

Appendix 3: Photo Documentation For Road Alignment...................................................... 51

Appendix 4: Post Activity Report – Barangay Public Assembly ........................................... 52

Appendix 5: Attendance Sheet – Barangay Public Assembly .............................................. 53

Appendix 6: Photo Documentation - Barangay Public Assembly ......................................... 56

Appendix 7: SB Resolution Accepting and Supporting the Subproject ................................ 57

Appendix 8: Executive Order Organizing the Subproject Management Unit ........................ 58

Appendix 9: Barangay Certification Endorsing the Subproject............................................. 60

Appendix 10: Barangay Resolution Endorsing the Subproject............................................. 61

Appendix 11: Grievance Intake Form .................................................................................. 62

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. This Initial Environmental Examination has been prepared for the Improvement of theBalitian, Bontoc Ili - Dalican Farm to Market Road. This Subproject is the improvement of theexisting access road with an estimated length of 5.1 km, width of 4 m and 3 m, and shoulderof one (1) meter on both sides. The main proponent of the project is the Local GovernmentUnit of Bontoc, Mountain Province and assisted by the Department of Agriculture - IntegratedNatural Resources and Environmental Management Project. The project implementation willbe co-managed by the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office, Office of theMunicipal Planning and Development Coordinator and the Municipal Engineering Office.

2. The objective of the proposed Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili - Dalican Farmto Market Road is uplifting the quality of life of the people thru the provision of all-year-roundeasy and affordable access thereby improving the prompt delivery of basic services,increasing economic opportunities and conditions. The proposed access road will support theNatural Resources Management (NRM) project activities of the constituents.

3. The Subproject has been categorized by ADB as Environment Category B and thisIEE was prepared consistent with the environmental assessment requirements of ADB’sSafeguard Policy Statement of 2009. The IEE was carried out through screening and analysisof various environmental parameters, field investigations, stakeholder consultations, andreview of other road project reports in the Philippines. The IEE covers the generalenvironmental profile of Barangay Dalican and includes assessment of the potentialenvironmental impacts during different subproject phases and formulation of correspondingmitigation measures. The IEE was prepared by the LGU of Bontoc, Mountain Province withthe cooperation of DA, RMO, PMU, WMCO and POs.

4. The total cost of the subproject is Twenty Three Million pesos (PhP 23,000,000.00).The majority of project fund source is coming from the DA - INREMP and LGU with a costsharing of 88% and 12%, respectively. It will be assumed that the benefits of the subprojectwill be the reduction of travel time by 12 minutes, reduced transportation cost by 20 Pesos,increase number of trips by 4, and availability of infrastructure support for NRM projects andother agricultural livelihood projects of the community.

5. Major land use along the road rehabilitation project is agricultural land. None of thesubproject roads are located near or within ecologically sensitive areas.

6. The IEE, based on the screening of baseline environment and review of proposed civilworks, has not identified any major environmental concerns due to the Improvement of theBalitian, Bontoc Ili - Dalican Farm to Market Road given that all the proposed civil works areonly asset preservation of existing roadway and are located within existing right of way. Therewill only be localized short term impacts during construction activities due to implementationof civil works that will be addressed in the detailed design and through implementation of themitigation and monitoring measures specified in the environmental management plan.

7. The IEE process included stakeholder participation and consultation to help LGUsachieve public acceptance of the Sub-project. A public consultation at Barangay Dalicanconfirmed that the improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili - Dalican Farm to Market Road isessential for economic development.

8. A grievance redress mechanism will be established by the LGU of Bontoc, Mountain,Province prior to commencement of site works to ensure that complaints of affected persons

2

and other stakeholders regarding the project’s environmental performance are promptly addressed.

9. The IEE includes an environmental management plan which details the mitigationmeasures, environmental monitoring activities, institutional responsibilities, and environmentalmanagement capacity building. The LGU through the Municipal Environment and NaturalResources Office, Office of the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator and theMunicipal Engineering Office, will ensure that relevant EMP provisions are included in bid andcontract documents for detailed design, project supervision and civil works. Duringconstruction, they will closely conduct monitoring the contractor’s environmental performanceand over-all EMP implementation. Semi-annual environmental monitoring reports will besubmitted by LGU to ADB and such reports will be posted on ADB’s website for publicdisclosure.

10. The major positive impact of the project will be economic and better accessibility. Thesubproject will directly benefit people located within the barangay providing improved accessand economic development. The subproject would also benefit the environment in terms ofreduced soil erosion and landslides through slope stabilization measures andconstruction of retaining structures. Dust generation from the damaged roads will be reducedby the improvement of pavement. Health risk to the roadside communities and damage to thebiological environment will be reduced due to pavement improvement and soil erosion controlmeasures.

11. This Subproject will have overall beneficial impact and will have minor negativeimpacts that will be carefully monitored and adequately mitigated through implementation ofthe EMP.

II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. Environmental Clearance Requirements

1. Government Environmental Laws, Regulations and Guidelines

12. According to the EMB Memorandum Circular 005 - 2014, the environmental categoryof a project is decided based on the type of the project (whether it falls into ‘EnvironmentalCritical Project’, ECP type), location of the project (whether it falls into ‘Environmental CriticalAreas’, ECA category), and size of the project. A summary list of ECPs and ECA categoriesare presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Summary List of ECP Types and ECA Categories

A. List of ECPs

As declared by Proclamation No. 2146 (1981) 1. Heavy Industries – Non-ferrous Metal Industries, Iron and Steel Mills, Petroleum and Petro-

chemical Industries including Oil and Gas, Smelting Plants 2. Resource Extractive Industries – Major Mining and Quarrying Projects, Forestry Projects

(logging, major wood processing projects, introduction of fauna (exotic animals) in public and

3

private forests, forest occupancy, extraction of mangrove products, grazing), Fishery Projects (dikes for/ and fishpond development projects)

3. Infrastructure Projects – Major Dams, Major Power Plants (fossil-fueled, nuclear fueled, hydroelectric or geothermal), Major Reclamation Projects, Major Roads and Bridges

As declared by Proclamation No. 803 (1996) 4. All golf course projects B. List of ECA Categories - As declared by Proclamation No. 2146 (1981)

1. All areas declared by law as national parks, watershed reserves, wildlife preserves, sanctuaries 2. Areas set aside as aesthetic potential tourist spots 3. Areas which constitute the habitat of any endangered or threatened species of Philippine wildlife

(flora and fauna) 4. Areas of unique historic, archaeological, or scientific interests 5. Areas which are traditionally occupied by cultural communities or tribes 6. Areas frequently visited and/or hard-hit by natural calamities (geologic hazards, floods, typhoons,

volcanic activity, etc.) 7. Areas with critical slopes 8. Areas classified as prime agricultural lands 9. Recharged areas of aquifers

10. Water bodies characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: tapped for domestic purposes; within the controlled and/or protected areas declared by appropriate authorities; which support wildlife and fishery activities

11. Mangrove areas characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: with primary pristine and dense young growth; adjoining mouth of major river systems; near or adjacent to traditional productive fry or fishing grounds; areas which act as natural buffers against shore erosion, strong winds and storm floods; areas on which people are dependent for their livelihood.

12. Coral reefs characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: With 50% and above live coralline cover; Spawning and nursery grounds for fish; Act as natural breakwater of coastlines

13. Based on their type, size and location the projects have been classified into 3 major groups:

• Group I (ECPs): ECPs in either ECAs or NECAs – Environmentally Critical Projects in

either Environmentally Critical Areas or Non-Environmentally Critical Areas. These projects require the proponent to submit ‘Environmental Impact Statement’ report to secure ‘Environmental Compliance Certificate’ from DENR’s Environment Management Bureau (EMB). Table 2 gives the size of the road and bridge projects that fall in to Group 1.

• Group II (NECPs): NECPS in ECAs – Non Environmentally Critical Projects in Environmentally Critical Areas. These projects require proponent to submit either ‘Initial Environmental Examination’ Report or ‘Project Description Report ‘based on the size of the project (see Table 2) to secure either ECC or ‘Certificate of Non Coverage’.

• Group III (Non Covered Projects): NECPs in NECS – Non Environmentally Critical Projects in Non Environmentally Critical Areas. PDR required to be submitted for Enhancement Mitigation Projects for confirmation of benign nature of proposed activity, and CNC is required to be secured. All other projects shall be at the option of the proponent to prepare a PDR as a basis for CNC, should the proponent opt to secure one.

4

Table 2. Revised Guidelines for Coverage Screening and Standardized Requirements

Projects within the INREMP Menu of

Subprojects

Covered (Required to secure ECC) Not covered

(may secure CNC) Project size parameters /

Remarks CATEGORY A: ECP CATEGORY B: Non-ECP CATEGORY D

EIS

EIS

IEE Checklist

Project Description (Part I

only) 3.1Dams, Water

Supply and Flood Control Project

3.1.1DAMS (including those for irrigation, flood control, water source and hydropower projects) including run-of-river type

≥ 25 hectares OR

≥ 20 million m3

>5 hectares

but <25 hectares

OR >5 million m3

but <20 million

m3

≤5 hectares

AND ≤5 million m3

NONE

Reservoir

flooded/inun dated area

or/and water storage capacity

3.1.2Irrigation projects (distribution system only)

NONE

≥1,000

hectares (service

area)

>300 but

<1,000 hectares

≤300 hectares

Service area

3.1.3 Water Supply Projects (without dam)

NONE

With water

source (e.g. infiltration

gallery, etc.) and water treatment facilities including

desalination, reverse osmosis

(RO)

Level III (Distribution system only)

Level II / Level I Water refilling

station

3.4 Roads and Bridges

3.4.2 Roads, widening, rehabilitation and/or improvement

NONE

>50% increase in capacity (or in terms of

length/width) AND

≥20km, (length with no critical slope) OR

≥10km (length with

critical slope)

>50% increase in

capacity (or in terms of

length/width) AND

>2km but <20km,

(length with no critical slope) OR

≥10km (length with critical

slope)

>50% increase in capacity (or in

terms of length/width) BUT ≤

2km increase in length

3.4.3 Bridges and viaducts (including elevated roads), new construction

≥10km

≥5km but <10km

>50m but

<5km

≤50m Regardless of

length for footbridges or for pedestrian only

3.4.4 Bridges and viaducts (including elevated roads), rehabilitation and/or improvement

NONE

≥50%

increase in capacity (or in terms of

length/width) OR ≥10km

>50%

increase in capacity (or in

terms length/width)

but <total length of

10km

≤50% increase in

capacity (or in terms of

length/width) but

≤2km increase in length

3.6 Buildings

including Housing, Storage facilities and Other Structures

5

Projects within the INREMP Menu of

Subprojects

Covered (Required to secure ECC) Not covered (may secure CNC)

Project size parameters /

Remarks

CATEGORY A: ECP CATEGORY B: Non-ECP CATEGORY D

EIS

EIS

IEE Checklist Project

Description (Part I only)

3.6.2 Storage facilities with no hazardous or toxic materials.

NONE

≥ 5 hectare

>1 hectare

but <5 hectare

≤ 1 hectare

Total/gross floor area

including parking,

open space and other

areas

14. This subproject is an improvement of existing barangay road which falls under the group of Non-ECP. Given that the subproject is the rehabilitation of access road with no more than 50% increase in capacity, a Certificate of Non-coverage (CNC) was requested by the LGU from the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) Cordillera Administrative Region. This CNC application was initiated on 15 December 2017 (Appendix 1).

2. ADB Environmental Assessment Requirements 15. According to ADB guidelines, the process of determining a project’s environment category is to prepare a Rapid Environmental Assessment screening checklist, taking into account the type, size, and location of the proposed project. Based on ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (SPS 2009), a project is classified as one of the four (4) environmental categories (A, B, C or FI) as follows:

Category A: Projects with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts that

are irreversible, diverse or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment is required.

Category B: Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for category A projects. Impacts are site- specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required.

Category C: Projects likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No environmental assessment is required although environmental implications are still reviewed.

Category FI: Projects are classified as category FI if they involve investment of funds

to or through a financial intermediary. Where the FI’s investment have minimal or no adverse environmental risks. The FI project will be treated as Category C. All other FI’s must establish and maintain an environmental and social management system and must comply with the environmental safeguards requirements specified in SPS 2009 if the FI’s subprojects have the potential for significant adverse environmental impacts.

16. According to Philippines’ environmental guidelines, the Project or Sub-project can be considered as either under Group II or III while ADB has categorized the Project as environment Category B. Hence, this IEE shall be prepared to meet the requirements of both the ADB and the government. Upon ADB’s receipt of the final IEE from the proponent, this will be publicly disclosed through posting on ADB’s website.

6

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Project Overview

17. The general objective of the proposed Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road is to uplift the socio-economic conditions of the beneficiaries of the influence area within the Chico River Sub-Watershed. Specifically, it aims to improve mobility of the rural community; provide reliable access to markets and social services; and support agricultural and rural development.

18. To ensure accessibility of communities of basic social services delivery, repair and maintenance of roads and drainage systems are among the infrastructure concerns identified by the community and specifically expressed in their Barangay Development Plan for specific funding assistance by the local government unit.

19. The subproject proposal, Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road located in barangays Bontoc Ili and Dalican, Bontoc. There are 5 sitios of the barangay with a total of 203 households.

20. At present, the road condition of proposed subproject is slippery, rough and risky that needs immediate improvement. The total length for rehabilitation is 5.10 kilometers. Scope of works for the proposed road improvement are as follows: concrete pavement (4m and 3m carriage way with 1.0 meter shoulders); line canals (Lateral Drains); and, Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert (RCPC) crossed drains. The project which will be implemented by contract has an overall estimated cost of PhP 23, 000,000.00, wherein 12% of the total cost (PhP 2,760,000.00) is the counterpart equity by the LGU. Its estimated project duration is 210 calendar days. The subproject monitoring unit (SPMU) of the Municipality of Bontoc shall be the focal team to prepare the required documents, to coordinate with the Barangay Government Unit (BGU) of Dalican and Bontoc Ili, and to monitor and oversee project implementation.

B. Project Location

21. The municipality of Bontoc is a 2nd class Municipality in the Province of Mountain Province and is composed of sixteen (16) barangays (Figure 1). According to the 2015 census, the municipality has a population of 24,420 people. It has an average annual growth rate of 0.6%. The Municipality is the 2nd most populous among the Municipalities in Province, and is the 2nd largest in terms of area in the Province of Mountain Province.

22. Barangay Dalican is located on the upland part of the municipality, bounded on the north by Barangay Mainit, east by Barangay Guina-ang, west by Barangays Fedilisan and Tetep-an of the Municipality of Sagada, and south by Barangay Bontoc Ili. It comprises a total land area of 1,117 hectares. Of the total land area, 27.39% is classified as timberland while the remaining 72.61% is classified as residential and agricultural land. It is ranked 9th as most populated barangay with a total population of 1,208 where 597 are male and 599 are female. Dalican has 5 sitios namely: Chata, Kadattay, Mabago, Bubu-ong and Ka-ang. Distance from the municipal proper is more or less 9 kilometers.

7

Figure 1: Bontoc Municipal Map

23. With the present area and population, the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) received by Barangay Dalican is PhP 1, 563,902.00, which is too small to provide basic services to the constituent, much more in relation to the improvement of infrastructure services.

C. Project Rationale

24. In the past, access to Barangay Dalican is a foot trail from Sitio Balitian to Am-anchu up to Mt. Langtagan. During the early 90's, Department of Public Works and Highways opened the access road, followed by road improvement from different funding agencies. However, such improvements are not enough to complete the works for the said access road.

25. At present, the access road from Sta. 0+000 to 3+163.70 and 3+278 to 3+418.70 was already concreted but needs improvements (i.e. lateral drainages, passing bays, curb and gutter and slope protection). The remaining section of the road is earth and gravel which is dangerous for travel during the rainy season. Travelling in or out of the barangay is exhausting to passengers, and transporting of high value products takes lengthy time to reach its destination. The limited budget of the barangay to provide for road maintenance (beyond gravelling and scraping), coupled with occurrence of heavy rainfall during the wet season, are the twin culprits of the present road conditions.

26. The proposed road improvement covers production area for rice, and potential area for vegetables and livestock raising which can be a real source of wealth to the farmers if maximized. Because of poor accessibility though, agricultural activity is limited. Manual hauling is done during harvest. Produce are brought by foot to the nearest paved road where these are loaded in jeepney to the market. Needless to say, said access road play important roles in the quality of the harvest and the livelihood of the community.

8

D. Project Development Plan

1. Project Components

27. The whole stretch of the road is disturbed by protruding rocks and surface runoff channels in the middle of the road. Proposed subproject has a total length of 5.10 km with a design width of 4 m and 3 m carriageway and 1 m shoulder at both sides. The road improvement primarily will be clustered into two sections: the 3.320 km length of steep road is already concreted but needs improvement while the remaining 1.78 km length semi-flat surface will be subjected to provision of Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP), RCPC cross drainages, and lateral drainages. The 3.220 km concrete road will start from Sta. 0+000 (Sitio Balitian, Bontoc Ili/Junction Bontoc-Baguio National road) up to Sta. 3+163.70 and Sta. 3+278 up to Sta. 3+418.70. The concreting of road will start Sta. 3+163.70 up to 3+278 and 3+418.70 up to the end at Sta. 5+100.

28. Construction works and specification of materials shall comply with engineering and construction standards set-forth by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH). Materials as quantified and estimated (cost) are assumed to be available in the locality. Prevailing market price is used to achieve the approved agency estimate which subsequently will be used as basis for the anticipated evaluation of bids, since the construction of the subproject will be through national competitive bidding (NCB). Proposed scope of works is divided into four major Items: 1) Site development works, 2) Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP); 3) Concrete lateral drain; and 4) RCPC Cross Drainages.

29. The following are the major technical specifications of the subproject:

Clearing and Grubbing: (Item 100)

Clearing, grubbing, removing and disposing all vegetation and debris as designated in the Contract, except those objects that are designated to remain in place or are to be removed in consonance with other provisions of this Specification. The work shall also include the preservation from injury or defacement of all objects designated to remain.

Surplus Common Excavation: Item 102(2)

Consist of roadway and drainage and borrow excavation and the disposal of material in accordance with this Specification and in conformity with the lines, grades and dimensions shown on the Plans or established by the Engineer.

Surplus Rock Excavation (hard): Item 102

This item is composed of slope and borrow excavation and the disposal of material in accordance with this Specification and in conformity with the lines, grades and dimensions shown on the Plans or established by the Engineer

Pipe Culvert and Drainage Excavation: Item 103c (6)

This item consist of the necessary excavation for foundation of culverts, underdrains, and other structures not otherwise provided for in the Specifications. Except as otherwise provided for pipe culverts, the backfilling of completed structures and the disposal of all excavated surplus materials, shall be in accordance with these Specifications and in reasonably close conformity with the Plans or as established by the Engineer.

9

Embankment: (Item 104)

Construction of embankment in accordance with this Specification and in conformity with the lines, grades and dimensions shown on the Plans or established by the Engineer.

Sub-grade Preparation: (Item 105A) (1)

Preparation of the sub-grade for the support of overlying structural layers shall be made. It must extend to full width of the roadway. Unless authorized by the Engineer, sub-grade preparation shall not be done unless the Contractor is able to start immediately the construction of the pavement structure.

Aggregate Sub-Base: Item 200 (1)

This item consist of furnishing, placing and compacting an aggregate base course on a prepared sub-grade/sub-base in accordance with this Specification and the lines, grades, thickness and typical cross-sections shown on the Plans, or as established by the Engineer.

Aggregate Base Course: Item 201 (1)

The item is top course composed of gravel or crushed aggregate and binder material, whichever is called for in the bill of Quantities, constructed on a prepared base in accordance with this Specification and in conformity with the lines, grades and typical cross-sections shown on the Plans.

Portland Cement Concrete Pavement: (Item 311)

This item shall consist of pavement of Portland Cement Concrete, with or without reinforcement, constructed on the prepared base in accordance with this Specification and in conformity with lines, grades, thickness and typical cross-section shown on the plans.

Pipe Culverts and Storms Drains/ Lateral Drains: Item 500(1) and 900a1 (1)

This item shall consist of the construction or reconstruction of pipe culverts and storm drains, hereinafter referred to as “conduit” in accordance with this Specification and in conformity with the lines and grades shown on the Plans or as established by the Engineer.

Grouted Riprap: (Item 505)

This item shall consist of grouted riprap in minor structures, in headwalls for culverts, in retaining walls retaining walls at the toes of slopes, and at other places called for on the Plans, constructed on the prepared foundation bed, in accordance with this Specification and in conformity with the lines, grades, sections, and dimensions shown on the Plans or as ordered in writing by the Engineer.

2. Description of the Project Phases

a. Pre-Construction Phase

30. The pre-construction phase involves the social preparation (to include organizational strengthening, planning, identification and prioritization of community needs) of the community for the entry of the project to the site, conduct of pre-engineering activities covering detailed survey works to determine alignment of roads and canal systems, preparation of the detailed

10

engineering plans and programs of work, ROW negotiation, recruitment of work force and initial sourcing and procurement of construction materials. These activities will be conducted by the proponent technical staff, partner line agencies, NGO service providers, community beneficiaries especially the Peoples’ organizations and contractors.

b. Construction Phase

31. The construction phase involves the mobilization of construction equipment, construction workers and materials to the specific project site after which the longer period of actual construction work will commence. The construction phase will end with the demobilization of construction equipment, workers and other construction paraphernalia from the construction site. Majority of these activities will be undertaken by the contractor and community residents under the close supervision of the Subproject Management Unit.

c. Operation Phase and Maintenance Phase

32. This phase involves the actual maintenance of the rehabilitated access road during its expected economic life. Monitoring tools and parameters will be set forth in the MOA that the LGU and DA will sign to ensure sustainability of the constructed facility. The specific monitoring items and parameters, location and frequency, monitoring responsibilities and sources of budget are presented in the EIAMMP.

33.

d. Abandonment Phase This phase is included in the project demobilization. The proponent does not intend to

abandon any facilities and unserviceable equipment used during construction. The project location will not be abandoned in disorderly condition but instead restored for functional use. Following the completion of the construction, the proponent will dismantle temporary shelters and the construction yard including unserviceable vehicles and equipment.

34. Wastes arising from the abandonment are expected to be minimal. These wastes could include small volumes of left over sand and gravel, re-bars and other steel materials (i.e., nails and welding rods) and lumber.

e. Manpower Requirements

35. Construction activities will require hiring of skilled and unskilled manpower. It is assumed that some skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled manpower will be available in the area. Skilled manpower not available in the locality may be sourced from other nearby localities. Technical manpower will be a complementation of specialists to be provided by locally known engineering firms.

36. During the construction phase, a workforce consisting of contractual and regular laborers will be employed to carry out the construction of the proposed project.

37. The Contractor shall employ qualified and sufficient staff to carry out inspections, testing and monitoring for the project.

f. Project Cost

38. The Subproject Cost as estimated has the total amount of PhP 23,000,000.00 which includes the costs for the indirect cost and taxes aside from the direct cost (material + labor + equipment). Said direct cost has the amount of PhP 18,254,027.30. The overhead, contingencies and miscellaneous and contractor’s (OMC) profit will be 12% and 8%

11

of the direct cost, respectively. Taxes will be in the fixed ratio of 5% as required by the government. Details of the cost estimate of the subproject are shown in Table 3.

39. Following the agreed financing mix of the subproject, 88% of the total Subproject Cost as presented will be covered by the Project (INREMP) equivalent to PhP20, 240,000.00 and the remaining 12% will be borne by the proponent LGU-Bontoc as equity counterpart which will be appropriated by the Sangguniang Bayan (SB) from the Municipal Development Fund. The amount of equity counterpart based from the presented subproject cost above is PhP2,760,000.00.

40. Breakdown of cost estimates is presented in the table below.

Table 3. Breakdown of Cost Estimates for the Road Improvement Project Particulars Cost, PhP

1. Direct Cost 18,254,027.0 2. Indirect Cost

Overhead, contingency and misc. (OCM) (12% of direct cost) Contractors profit (8% of direct cost) VAT, (12% of DC+OCM+CP)

2,190,483.28

1,460,322.00 1,095,147.24

TOTAL IDC 4,745,972.70 TOTAL PROJECT COST 23,000,000.00

INREMP (88%) 20,240,000.00 LGU Equity (20%) 2,760,000.00

41. The Municipality allotted fund for preparation of the project such as seminars, preparation of feasibility study (or subproject proposal document) and detailed engineering, survey of the project site and evaluation by the personnel from different sectors who are involved in the planning and implementation of the subproject aside from the equity.

42. During the operation and maintenance period, the LGU shall ensure that a supplemental budget to the existing operation and maintenance expenses of the entire municipality’s road and network facilities shall be allocated just for this new road subproject.

g. Project Duration and Schedule

43. After the technical workshop provided by the DENR - Regional Project Coordinating Office (DENR - RPCO) in November 2017, the SPMU started the finalization and completion of the Subproject Proposal Document (SPD). The completed SPD will be submitted to the Department of Agriculture – Project Management Office (DA-PMO) for review and concurrence. When found substantial, it will be endorsed to the ADB for the NOL. During these stages, the detailed engineering design (DED) is simultaneously being prepared by the LGU Engineering Unit and is expected to be final and complete on or before the time the ADB NOL. The DED shall then be translated into a Bidding Document once the SPD is approved. Procurement period should take three months to comply with the ADB Procurement Guidelines, thus the Subproject is expected to be awarded on the month of June 2018. The construction as indicated in the prepared Bar Chart of Construction Schedule will take Seven (7) months. The construction will be on May until January 2019.

44. After the target completion of construction works, the LGU will prepare the completion documents on February 2019 and the turn-over ceremonies will take place at the same time. Finally, maintenance and sustainability activities will be performed February 2019 which will

12

include the adaptation of the required MOA for maintenance of the road and sustainability training which will be provided by the NPCO. Other details are shown in Table 4.

Subproject Milestone

SPD

Preparation SPD Review

and Approval

DED

Preparation Procurement

Stage

Construction Stage

Completion

and Turn- over

O&M Activity

Table 4. Implementation Schedule 2017 2018 2019

J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

45. The Upper Chico River Watershed is typical for a large watershed (about 39,612 ha) in the country. It is situated in the northern part of the Province which radiates to coordinate

17⁰05’00” latitude and 120⁰56’00” longitude. It is bounded on the north by the Municipality of Tubo, Abra, on the south by the Municipality of Banaue and Hungduan, Ifugao, north east by the Municipality of Sadanga ,Mountain Province, Southwest by the Municipality of Sabangan, Mountain Province and on the west by the Municipality of Sagada, Mountain, Province.

46. The Upper Chico River Watershed is one of the major sub-watersheds in the Municipality of Bontoc. It covers seven (16) barangays with a total land area of 39,612 ha. Table 5 shows the barangays covered by the Upper Chico Watershed within the political jurisdiction of the Municipality of Bontoc.

Table 5. Profile of the Upper Chico River Water Shed in the Municipality of Bontoc, Mountain Province

Barangay Covered Watershed Area per Barangay(hectares)

1. Alab Oriente 854 2. Alab Proper 583 3. Balili 315 4. Bayyo 4,775 5. Bontoc Ili 2,154 6. Caluttit 57 7. Can-eo 1,471 8. Dalican 1,117 9. Gonogon 1,608 10. Guina-ang 1,070 11. Mainit 12,726 12. Maligcong 1,669 13. Poblacion 32 14. Samoki 1,388 15. Talubin 7,258

16. Tocucan 2,534

Total = 39,612

Source: MPDO

13

A. Topography

47. The proposed Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road is found within the Upper Chico Watershed. The proposed subproject is a sloping and mountainous area. In particular, the proposed road improvement has an elevation ranging from 979 masl to 1,232 masl with an average slope of 10.7%.

48. Figure 2 shows the elevation distribution of the watershed within the Municipality of Bontoc. Central barangays (Samoki, Bontoc Ili, Caluttit and Poblacion) are within the elevation of 850-1600 masl. Riverside barangays (Bayyo, Talubin, Caneo and Tocucan) are within the elevation of 700-2,714. Upland barangays (Dalican, Mainit, Guina-ang and Maligcong) with elevation ranging from 1000-2,230 and other four (4) barangays (Alab Proper, Alab Oriente, Gonogon and Balili) is within elevation ranging from 900-1,600 m asl.

49. The elevation of the proposed road improvement alignment ranges from 892 m asl to 1402 m asl with an average slope of 15.2 %. Further details are shown in Figure 3.

Figure 2: Bontoc Topographic Map

14

Figure 3: Elevation and Slope of the Proposed Road Improvement Subproject

B. Climate

50. The municipality of Bontoc falls under Type I climate. Basically, dry season starts late November up to April and the rest of the year is wet season. The average annual rainfall is 2,500 mm. The average temperature reaches as much as 19.0 °C with temperature at its highest in the months of April (28.6 °C) and May (28.8 °C) and at its lowest during the months of January (16.0 °C ) and February (16.2 °C). Other details are shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Average Monthly Temperature and Rainfall within the Area

15

C. Soil type

51. There are three (3) general types of soil series in the municipality of Bontoc, namely: Sabangan clay loam, Natonin loam, and Mountain soil undifferentiated. In particular, the proposed road access rehabilitation subproject lies within Sabangan soil series. This soil series is having underlain with poor drainage and by massive clay loam. Other details of soil series type in Bontoc Mountain Province are shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5: Bontoc Soil Series Map

D. EXISTING LAND USE

52. From its total land area of 39,612 hectares, about 36,000 or 90 % are considered as forests. Forest lands cover the forest reserve which is suited for pine trees, mossy forest trees and grasses. The agricultural land, about 2,600 ha, is suited for highland commercial crops and temperate crops. The residential area is estimated to about 430 hectares.

53. In details, the land use and cover distribution in Bontoc Mountain Province is shown in Table 6 and Figure 6. The proposed road access alignment falls within the wooded grassland, open forest, and grassland. The actual land use types along the subproject road rehabilitation are mostly agricultural lands planted of highland vegetables and root crops.

16

Table 6. Existing Land Use Land Uses Area(ha) % Total Forest and Forest Land 36,178 91.33 Agricultural 2,659 6.71 Water 273 0.69 Residential 434 1.10 Commercial 26 0.07 Institutional 18 0.05 Parks and Recreation 2 0.01 Cemetery/Memorial Park 0.4 0.00 Infrastructure, Utilities, Transportation Services

16 0.04

Landfill 3 0.01 Total 39,612 100

Figure 6: Land Cover Distribution in Bontoc, Mt. Province

E. River Networks

54. The proposed road access rehabilitation subproject is within the Baagmadoli Watershed. This watershed manifests an irregular dentritic drainage pattern. Parallel straight streams flow from the upper slopes of the generally northeast trending range. The river flows towards the central areas to the north eastern boundary of the watershed (Figure 7).

17

Figure 7: Drainage Pattern of the BAAGMADOLI Watershed

F. Water Quality 55. The proposed Improvement of the Balitian,Bontoc Ili-Dalican FMR Farm to Market Road subproject is adjacent to the Kalawitan river in the eastern side. The two (2) rivers have still no water classification pursuant to DAO No. 34, Series of 1990 and DENR Memorandum Circular No. 09, Series of 2001. In the absence of water classification and in accordance with the Manual of Procedure for Water Classification, these rivers are assumed to be a Class A waters since most of the upstream stations are under this classification. A “Class A” waters intended beneficial use is public water supply class which is usually sources of water supply that will require complete treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection) in order to meet the National Standards for Drinking Water.

56. The water quality assessment in Baagmadoli Watershed was conducted by the Rural Health Unit, Municipality of Bontoc, Mountain Province. The water quality assessment is only limited to some physical and chemical parameters. Based on the results, all tested parameters are within the permissible limit set standards by the DENR for Class A waters. Details are presented in Table 7.

18

Table 7. Physical and Chemical Water Analysis in Various Tributaries in Bontoc, Mountain Province

Parameters

DENR Stand ards (Class A Water)

Location

Inle

t

BA

AG

MA

DO

LI

Outlet

BA

AG

MA

DO

LI

Balit

ian

A

guyo

M

alig

cong

D

oclig

an

N

anguab

lin

goy

D

ugong

M

ara

nas

A

godong

pH 6.0- 9.0 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.0 7.5 7.0

Turbidity 0-400

FTU 0 14 0 14 48 0 0 0 3.0 7.0 23

Nitrate (NO3) mg/L 0 0 0.11 0.06 0 0 0.03 0.04 0.11 0.01 0 Manganese mg/L .36 .09 0 .02 .08 0 0 0 .03 .10 .012 Cyanide 0.05

mg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lead 0.05

mg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total

Coliform 1000

MPN/1 00 ml

>16

>16

>16

>16

>16

>16

>16

>16

>16

>16

Fecal Coliform

1000 MPN/1

00 ml

>16

>16

>16

>16

>16

>16

>16

>16

>16

>16

Source: Physical and chemical water analysis based on Rural Health Unit study in Bontoc, Mountain Province

E. Flora and Fauna

57. The Baagmadoli Watershed used to have a diverse population of flora and fauna. Several terrestrial vertebrate species were known to thrive in the basin but many are threatened to extinction because of uncontrolled hunting, conversion of wildlife habitat to agricultural purposes and frequent forest fires in the pine forest. It is now rare, if at all, that hear the braying of the deer or the chirping of birds. The uncontrolled hunting is best exemplified by the air rifles usually carried by farmers and workers alike when they go to the work place.

Flora

58. The variety of plants in the watershed are wild edible plants, berries, medicinal plants, ornamental plants, mosses, vines, bamboos, trees and others. These are found within the different forest ecosystems in the watershed like the mossy, pine, grasslands and mixed ecosystems.

Fauna

59. Wildlife species found within the management unit such as birds, wild mammals, wild honey bees and upland aquatic resources cited as dictated by seasonal changes and suitable natural conditions for food and habitation usage of existing wildlife is as follows:

Some birds are considered as aide in the protection of upland rice farm from insect

pest, wild cats and rat infestation and utilize as food supplement.

Wild animals are hunted mainly for food purposes and domestic pets.

Upland freshwater resources serves as food.

Wild honey bees produce honey as food supplement and medicinal purposes.

19

60. A variety of fauna species are found in the watershed from birds, mammals, bees, rodents and fresh water resources. These species play a very important role in the maintenance of the food chain and in other life cycles in the ecosystem.

61. In particular, the barangay is surrounded by forest with rich flora but due to forest fires, some appear to be extinct. Among those available in the area are: pinit (wild berries), ferns, shrubs, mountain tea, cogons and nging-iyaw (fine, crawling fern-like plants). On the watershed are digway, agubangbang, alumani, pitpitok, binnok, wild bamboos and other wild fruits and wild berries.

62. On fauna, birds of different species and sizes are often sighted particularly during the migratory period from September to December. Among the birds found in the forests are: adas, boding, kalapati, pingew, tala and Martines.

63. The proposed road access improvement subproject is about 22 km away from the Mt. Data National Park and around 28 km away from Balbasang-Balbalan National Park. The LGU of Bontoc, RPMO, and RPCO technical staff together with its consultants has evaluated the project site. It must be noted that there are no trees at the right of way affected (Appendices 2 and 3) and no endangered and critically endangered species of fauna within the proposed road improvement project during the field validation in December 2017. However, there will only be a small portion of the crops that may be affected due to a minor land encroachment along the right of way of the proposed rehabilitation of the access road.

G. Water Sources

64. Source of water supply in Barangay Dalican is the Chagyon creek which is located about four (4) km away from Dalican proper. These serve as the source for domestic and agricultural use of the barangay.

H. Mining 65. There are two mining companies namely Cordillera Mining Exploration Inc. and Mount France and Horizon Resource Mining Corporation which proposed Barangay Dalican as potential barangay for mining, however the barangay opposed the proposal. At present, there is no mining area within the barangay in support to the Municipal Local Government campaigns against mining.

I. Socio-Economic Conditions

1. Demographic Characteristics

66. Total population of Barangay Dalican is 1,196 in 2015 based on the 2015 NSO data (Table 8) wherein 579 are males and 599 are females. There are 203 households within the barangay which are distributed in 5 sitios namely: Chata, Kadattay, Mabago, Bubu-ong and Ka-ang.

Table 8. 2015 Population per Sex of Barangay Dalican

Sitio(within RIA) Population House Holds Male Female Total

Dalican 597 599 1,196 203 Total 597 599 1,196 203

Source of data: NSO 2015; Average Annual Population Growth Rate: 0.66

20

Table 9. Projected Population for the Next 5 Years

BARANGAY

Population

Y0* Participation

Rate (PR)

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Dalican 1,196 0.12 1,208 2,221 2,234 2,247 1261

67. Ninety eight percent or 198 households of the total 203 households in Barangay Dalican belong to the Bontok ethnic group. Bontok tribe are an indigenous Peoples of the Northern Philippines. They are part of the collective group of Indigenous People known as the Igorot people. The name bontok came from the language which they speak. The only difference among the Bontok are the way they speak like intonation and the usage of some words. Entry of other ethnic groups like Ilocano and Tagalog is due to intermarriage. Being permanent resident, they were gradually assimilated in the local culture and dialect.

2. Demographic Characteristics

2.1 Social Welfare and Development

68. The Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office is composed of nine staffs of which two are Social Workers; one Municipal Social Welfare and Development Officer, one Social Welfare Officer 1, two Social Welfare Aide, one Admin Aide 1, one Job Order (Social Worker) and one casual (Social Worker) . They are able to serve 610 day care children, 640 senior citizen who are beneficiaries of the social pension for indigent senior citizens, 256 differently able persons, 28 solo parents and 35 Kalipi members. One of the sub-program of the MSDW is the 4Ps program which consist of 85 male clients and 359 female clients.

69. In coordination with the Philippine National Police Child and Women’s Desk Officer, they had also served women in difficult circumstances and children in Need of Special Protection such as violation of R.A. 7610, etc. The 16 Barangays in the municipality have functional day care centres with 28 day care workers implementing the early Childhood Care and Development program.

2.2 Health Services

70. The Main Health Center of the Municipality is the Bontoc General Hospital, located at Caluttit, Bontoc, which is 8 kms from the project area. It has 16 Barangay health Stations. The health Staff is composed of 28 permanent Health personnel namely: 1 MHO, 2 Nurse, 1 medical technologist, 2 Sanitation Inspector, 17 midwives, 2 nursing assistant, 2 aide and 1 driver; 17 contractual employee, and 16 active Barangay Health Workers.

2.3 Water

71. The Bontoc Water Work office is the prime provider and governing body with regards to water supply of the Municipality. As of 2015, there are a total of 978 households being served by the office. These households served are distributed in the central barangays namely Bontoc Ili, Caluttit, Poblacion and Samoki at level II and III. Other households tap their water supply in privately owned water system.

72. The other 12 barangays source their water from their own barangays except Guina- ang that get their source from Mainit. The maintenance of water system is being done by the Barangay. Lack of water supply occurs during summer especially in the central barangays.

21

2.4 Education

73. Public and private elementary, secondary and tertiary schools under the district has an increasing trend for the past five years. Contributory factors to the increased of enrolment at the public and private elementary, secondary and tertiary level are the incoming of enrollees from different municipalities and provinces.

3. Economic Situation

3.1 Agricultural Area

74. In order to keep and preserve highly suitable agricultural lands for Dalican and in line with the food program of the national government, certain agricultural lands are protected against irreversible conversion such as those for urban uses. These lands are under the NPAA/NAAD or Network of Protected Agricultural Areas/Network of Areas for Agricultural Development. There are some barangays of the municipality that are under NPAA/NAAD. It is noted that barangay Dalican, where the proposed RI subproject is located, is not under the NPAA/NAAD classification. Rather, Barangay Dalican is declared as forest land as per land classification 3405 dated August 12, 1939 per certification issued by the DENR-CENRO.

75. Rice production area in the entire municipality covers 1,122.40 hectares with a total production of 3,764 MT annually. Most of the varieties planted in this area are heirloom rice. There are two cropping season for rice production (dry and wet season) for the central barangays and one cropping season for upland, riverside and ALBAGO (Alab, Balili, Gonogon) barangays. The rice areas are irrigated by communal irrigation systems, Small farm reservoir and spring development projects.

76. Vegetable area in the municipality is 30.94 hectares planted with highland and lowland vegetables such as pechay, beans, squash, tomatoes, cabbage, sweet pepper & other leafy vegetables, ampalaya, eggplant and okra. The vegetables produced are for home consumption and others are sold at the neighboring barangays and at the public market.

3.2 Agroforestry and Plantation Areas

77. The combination of pine and mossy forest in barangay Dalican serves as sanctuaries for wild flora and fauna endemic to the municipality. Gathering of forest products is governed by customary laws which helps protect the integrity of the forest. Example, lumber is harvested for the construction of houses for the community member only. Residence are not allowed to sell nor trade harvested lumber outside the community. Existing agricultural land are utilized for production and forest and land preserved as it is.

3.3 Fisheries

78. In the municipality, about 80% pond culture is still expanding, however, due to lack of skills and technology, fish farming and quality fingerlings production remains very low. The DA-BFAR has promoted tilapia as a priority commodity in fisheries. It is to provide job employment and livelihood opportunities among rural fisher folks and fish farmers to increase their income and contribute to food security especially at the household level. DA- BFAR also assist the LGU-MAO and fish farmers in accelerating the growth and development of tilapia industry in the locality by supplying quality tilapia fingerlings to fish farmers.

22

3.4 Commerce and Industry

79. Bontoc being the capital town of Mt. Province is the center of commerce and industry. There are seven banking institutions that cater the financial transactions of the people within the locality and other municipalities. Commercial establishments are located within the central barangays. There are six furniture shops located at the central barangays. Weaving industry is located at barangays Caneo and Samoki. The woven products are sold within and outside the municipality.

3.5 Tourism

80. Existing tourist attractions in the municipality includes Mainit hot springs, Maligcong and Bayyo rice terraces and Kaman utek at Balili.

81. The municipality has also potential tourist attractions that are yet to be developed. These are the waterfalls at Sumuyo and Liyang in Talubin, Saf-I in Maligcong, Batikalang in Gonogon, Lake Posong in Dalican and burial caves in Alab. These tourist spots are not yet fully discovered due to its inaccessibility.

4. Income and Expenditures

82. The municipality has an agricultural-based economy. Farming remains as dominant economic activity among the people of Bontoc. Generally, the people in Bontoc are dependent in farming for their livelihood. Majority are having income below subsistence level.

83. There is no presence of a company that invest any industry in the project area like mining, charcoal making or any other form.

5. Present Transport System

84. The transportation facilities that serve the municipality from Poblacion to the different barangays are public utility jeepneys, van and tricycle. However, public utility buses also serve the barangays along the national highway.

85. The residents of Dalican, like in barangays Mainit and Guina-ang, are especially hard up when travelling to and from the barangay, experiencing inconveniences and hazards brought by their road’s poor condition.

86. During rainy season, it is very difficult and dangerous for vehicles to pass through the road because it is highly dilapidated, with numerous depressions and eroded surface. In line with this, a passenger jeep back in May 2012 carrying 28 people encountered a freak vehicular accident that transpired in Sitio Am-ancho along Dalican road. The report stated that the driver tried to avoid a pot hole that eventually lead the jeep 150 meters deep into the ravine. There were a number of deaths.

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 87. The IEE, based on the screening of baseline environment and review of proposed civil works, has not identified any major environmental concerns due to proposed improvement of Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican FMR given that all the proposed civil works are only asset preservation of existing roadway and are located within existing right of way. There will only be localized short-term impacts during construction activities due to implementation of civil works that will be addressed in the detailed design and through implementation of the

23

Potential Environmental Impacts or Values the Subproject construction would likely create:

Cle

ari

ng

an

d

Gru

bb

ing

Su

rplu

s

Exca

va

tio

n/

Su

rplu

s R

ock

Exca

va

tio

n

A

gg

reg

ate

Base C

ou

rse

S

ub

-gra

de

Pre

para

tio

n

E

mb

an

km

en

t

Po

rtla

nd

Cem

en

t

Co

ncre

te

Pavem

en

t

Pip

e C

ulv

ert

G

rou

ted

Rip

rap

Land surface disturbance – surface

scrapping, top soil erosion, and vegetative clearing

minor

moderate

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

Affects temporal water regime: decrease water quantity and quality and flow regularity or seasonality due to altered drainage patterns, water way configuration, sedimentation, turbidity, as well as river flow diversion

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

Altered or impaired hydrology of the immediate area: increase peak and flood flows and irregular streamflow

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

Decrease in downstream natural

resources’ economic and social values/uses

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

Decrease site’s attraction in terms of losing some geological or geomorphological values, particularly those of known local, national or international nature conservation importance

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

Vegetation loss affecting rare species habitats, particularly of known local, national or international nature conservation importance

minor

minor

none

none

none

none

none

none

Adverse impact on local and transient fauna species (those species whose range may include the project site), particularly those of known local, national or international nature conservation importance.

minor

minor

none

none

none

none

none

none

Bio-invasion of new strain of pests, weeds or rare diseases none none none none none none none none Frequent incurrence and increased intensity of grassfire none none none none none none none none Contamination of the immediate and/or broader environment cause by the storage or use of chemicals needed for the construction works

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

none

none

none

Air particulate emissions which may cause atmospheric / environmental pollution impacting on human health and livelihood at local or larger scale during construction phase

minor

moderate

moderate

moderate

moderate

moderate

minor

minor

Excessive solid waste accumulation during infrastructure construction minor minor minor minor minor minor minor minor Increase in noise and/or vibration during construction minor minor minor minor minor minor minor minor

mitigation and monitoring measures specified in the environmental management plan. These construction related impacts can be mitigated by 1) the contractors’ work practices, especially those related to the systematized demolition procedure consistent with approved standard safety requirements; 2) cooperation by the local authorities with the contractor in terms of use of public space and utilities; 3) project management’s strict enforcement of the correct construction practices and standards; 4) the incorporation of the mitigation measures identified in the IEE into the bid documents and specifications; and 5) close monitoring of the contractor’s implementation of the required mitigation measures.

88. The potential environmental impacts resulting from implementation of civil works are expected to be minor and likely short-term since the improvement works will not involve widening and alignment adjustments as shown in table below. Detailed environmental mitigation measures have been prepared for all the identified impacts and presented in the environmental management plan under Chapter VII.

Table 10. Assessment of Potential Environmental Impact

24

Potential Environmental Impacts or Values the Subproject construction would likely create:

Cle

ari

ng

an

d

Gru

bb

ing

Su

rplu

s

Exca

va

tio

n/

Su

rplu

s R

ock

Exca

va

tio

n

A

gg

reg

ate

Base C

ou

rse

S

ub

-gra

de

Pre

para

tio

n

E

mb

an

km

en

t

Po

rtla

nd

Cem

en

t

Co

ncre

te

Pavem

en

t

Pip

e C

ulv

ert

G

rou

ted

Rip

rap

Unnatural lighting effects that may impact upon flora and fauna, or deplete the sense of naturalness of the area

none

none

none

none

none

none

none

none

Natural landscape fragmentation and discontinuity none none none none none none none none Adverse impact on land use and the amenity values of adjacent or downstream areas (including the integrity of agricultural land, or other industry that the local community may depend on)

none

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

Adverse impact on existing or potential recreational value and quality of known traditional experience associated to site natural setting

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

Adverse impact or alter on-sites’ visual value and its surrounding area -from different vantage points

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

minor

Rating: None= no adverse impact; Minor= slight negative impact and momentary; Moderate=slight negative impact for a year but not damaging enough to cause ecological, health and economic disturbance.

89. During operation, the project is expected to benefit the environment and socio- economic conditions of the subproject areas through increased delivery of agricultural products, increased tourism, improved access and economic development, reduced dust due to asset preservation, improved road safety due to installation of safety signs, and others.

90. Environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures during subproject pre- construction, construction and operation phases are described under Chapter VII. Detailed environmental mitigation measures have been prepared for all the identified impacts and presented in the environmental management plan.

A. Pre-Construction

1. Confirmation of no required resettlement, relocations, and compensation

91. This will be undertaken prior to the commencement of any civil works. The proponent shall conduct consultation meetings with directly affected barangays and concerned POs’, and information awareness campaign regarding subproject location.

2. Identification and prioritization of road section where re-gravelling will be done

92. Identification and prioritization of road sections will give information and prioritize participation of the community, particularly women and marginalized sectors. A subproject site validation will be facilitated to ensure that the INREMP validation process on subproject implementation is being complied with and hold consultative meetings with balanced representation of men and women and affected persons on the subproject components and management plan.

3. Preparation of detailed engineering designs and programs of work

93. The detailed engineering designs and programs of work for the subproject will be prepared by the LGU for the completion of the proposed upgraded access road. The detailed designs shall include the identification of spill management prevention and emergency response plans for all construction sites, locate aggregate borrow pits and rock supply areas

25

away from human settlements with fencing and access barriers, and specific plan to notify and provide them schedule to minimize disruption to normal commercial and residential activities.

94. The LGU with assistance from TA-PMIC will ensure that relevant provisions of the EMP in terms of implementation of environmental mitigation measures, monitoring activities, supervision and reporting are included for civil works and construction supervision.

4. Recruitment of workers 95. The potential impact of the subproject will be hiring of skilled local workers and other unskilled jobs. A robust “local first” hiring policy will be designed and be implemented in coordination with local officials and community leaders especially at the barangay and municipal levels. The Contractor will be required to follow the “local first” hiring policy.

B. Construction

1. Construction materials acquisition, transport access, and storage system

96. The contractors will source construction materials under their own arrangements. Uncontrolled sourcing of such materials could lead to environmental impacts such as the loss of topsoil or the disfigurements of the landscape from borrow pits. Earthen embankments and material stockpiles will be susceptible to erosion, particularly during the rains and re- suspension of dust during the dry seasons.

97. Local roads will be damaged during transportation of borrow materials and by the construction equipment. These roads include those which are leading to the project site. In order to reduce impact on all borrow sites, contractors will water the local roads close to the settlements used by the borrow trucks. As much as possible, contractors will not make use of productive agricultural land. In case this is unavoidable, the contractor will obtain consent from the land owner and will restore the site to its original condition after completion of civil works.

2. Clearing and removal of obstructions

98. The contractors will initiate clearing and removal of obstructions on the existing road that would result to damaged landscape. It must be noted that there are no affected trees on the proposed access road rehabilitation project. However, vegetation (mostly grasses) in the site is common and will recover after the construction. The contractors will not use or permit the use of wood as a fuel for the execution of any part of the works. The contractor will be required to minimize damage and cutting of surrounding vegetation during slope formation, and prevent erosion and protect the cut slope with temporary or permanent drainage as soon as practicable after cutting. If new erosion occurs accidentally, back fill immediately to restore original contours.

3. Soil erosion

99. Soil erosion and unstable side slopes susceptible to landslides are noticed along subproject road. The impact of soil erosion and unstable side slope are increased run off and sedimentation causing a greater flood hazard to the downstream. Loss of topsoil affects the growth of vegetation that causes ecological imbalances, and development of unsightly cuts and fills that have been riddled by uncontrolled erosion and gullying. Construction activities should be taken up only during dry season.

100. During operation, silt load in the river is expected to be minor due to slope protection structures installed. The contractor will also be required to make additional measures to

26

minimize erosion and landslides during construction phase such as 1) minimize damage and cutting of surrounding vegetation during slope formation, 2) prevent erosion and protect the cut slope with temporary drainage as soon as practicable after cutting, and 3) if new erosion occurs accidentally, back fill immediately to restore original contours.

4. Ground surface leveling and gravelling of existing road

101. During ground surface leveling and gravelling of existing road, the potential impacts would be minor and short-term to the terrestrial resources as well as to the quality of surface water in the river. The contractor will be required to do the following: 1) the construction site should be located away from forested or plantation areas; 2) all construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from forested and plantation areas; 3) no waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations; 4) erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion; 5) earthworks should be conducted during dry periods; 6) no waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters; 7) no washing or repair of machinery near surface waters; 8) pit latrines to be located away from surface waters; 9) no unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses; 10) no aggregate mining from rivers or lakes; and 11) minimize the use of heavy equipment at steep slopes.

5. Civil works

102. Since the subproject will mainly involve concrete pavement (with no road widening and realignments), main impacts on land during construction are from air pollution, land and water contamination, and traffic and access problems. The contractor will apply stated mitigating measures during concrete pavement and stone masonry activities such as 1) piling of aggregates at sites should be used/or removed promptly, or covered and placed in non-traffic areas, and 2) all spills should be cleaned immediately and handled as per hazardous waste management plan, and according to government regulations.

6. Implementation of noise and dust control measure

103. During construction, air quality will certainly decrease by exhaust emissions from construction equipment, dust generated from haul roads, unpaved roads, exposed soils and material stock piles.

104. To mitigate the declining air quality problem during construction, the following will be implemented: 1) regularly apply wetting agents to exposed soil and construction roads; 2) cover or keep moist all stockpiles of construction aggregates, and all truckloads of aggregates; 3) minimize the time for excavations and exposed soil are left open or exposed; 4) backfill immediately after work is completed; 5) restrict working time between 7:00 am and 5:00 pm; 6) maintain equipment in proper working condition; 7) replace unnecessarily noisy vehicles

and machinery; 8) vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use; and 9) construct temporary noise barriers around excessively noisy activity areas if possible.

7. Dust and noise from borrow pits

105. Noise and dust may be generated from borrow pits. The contractor will ensure the following mitigating measures: 1) provision of noise control measures to comply with national standards, watering of the earth roads close to the settlements, use covered truck; 2) secure appropriate environmental permits; 3) the borrow and material dumping sites must be access controlled to keep away unauthorized entry of people, grazing cattle and any other stray animals; and 4) protective gear like ear plugs will be provided to operating personnel if they are exposed to noise levels beyond threshold limits.

27

8. Implementation of spoil management and control measure 106. The contractor will ensure that there will be no contamination of land and surface waters from excavated spoils, and construction wastes. The uncontaminated spoils will be disposed of in municipal or provincial designated sites, which must never be in or adjacent surface water. On the other hand, suspicious contaminated soil will be tested, and disposed of in designated sites identified as per government regulations.

9. Solid and liquid construction waste management system

107. Solid and liquid construction wastes management system will be facilitated to avoid contamination of land and surface water from the construction wastes. The management of general solid and liquid wastes of construction will follow government regulations to include covering, collecting, handling, transporting, recycling, and disposing waste created from construction activities and the work force. A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup and disposal will be established and followed to ensure construction sites are as clean as possible. All solid wastes will be separated and recyclables be donated to the barangay. There will be no site-specific landfills established by the contractors. All solid waste will be collected and removed from the work camps and disposed in local waste disposal sites.

10. Water quality

108. The subproject has potential impacts on water quality due to washing of equipment (i.e. vehicles and concrete mixers), and leakage and spills from discharge from worker camps to the water resources. To mitigate, there should be 1) set up proper and adequate sanitary facilities; 2) strict observance of proper waste handling and disposal and proper sanitation including by the contractors and its workers; 3) provision of wastewater treatment facility (e.g., septic tank); and 4) trucks and other vehicle maintenance should be strictly controlled to prevent the discharge of waste into the river system. Wastewater from the construction works containing high concentration of suspended solids should be treated through sedimentation tanks. 5) The discharge of cement-laden water and slurry during concrete mixing may contaminate water resources and damage productive land in the surrounding areas. To mitigate possible effects of cement-laden water and slurry, the Contractor shall i) collect and retain all the concrete washout water and solids in leak proof containers, so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water; ii) recycle the collected concrete washout water and solids; and/or iii) use of a washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade.

11. Construction drainage system

109. The contractor shall construct drainage systems to facilitate drainage and rain water natural channels. The contractor will also provide adequate short-term drainage away from construction sites to prevent ponding and flooding.

12. Workers health, safety and hygiene

110. Construction sites are likely to have public health impacts. Contractors will ensure that no untreated wastewater is discharged in the river and that no site-specific landfills will be established at the construction camps. There will be a potential for diseases to be transmitted, exacerbated by inadequate health and safety practices. The contractor will therefore be required to recruit or designate a health and safety officer to address such concerns in the work sites and liaise/work with the nearby communities.

111. Mitigation measures include: 1) proper fencing, protective barriers, and buffer zones should be provided around all construction sites; 2) sufficient signage and information

28

disclosure, and supervisors and night guards should be placed; 3) worker and public safety guidelines should be followed; 4) provide adequate sanitation and waste disposal at construction sites; 5) the contractor will not hire children and pregnant women; 6) standing water suitable for disease vector breeding should be filled in; 7) worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given at the beginning of the construction phase. A construction site safety program should be developed and distributed to workers; 8) appropriate safety clothing, footwear, gloves, hard hats, eye protection and other PPE should be mandatory for all construction workers; 9) adequate medical services must be on site or nearby all construction site; 10) drinking water must be provided at all construction sites; 11) sufficient lighting be used during necessary night work; and 12) all construction sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed.

13. Traffic safety and management 112. Throughout the construction period, the contractor should ensure that affected people are provided adequate and safe access to properties (structures, land, etc.). During construction, the contractor is responsible for ensuring that all construction vehicles observe speed limits on the construction sites and to provide adequate signage, barriers, and flag persons for traffic control. Sign postings such as ‘men working’, ‘Keep left/right’, ‘construction ahead’, and ‘speed limit’, should be used for traffic management and road safety. As much as possible, road works will be confined to one half of the road width at each section to provide access to pedestrian and vehicles during construction works.

14. Ecological environment (Flora and Fauna)

113. Rehabilitation work will directly cause minor degradation of the local ecology through the clearance of small areas of vegetation (mainly grasses) at major work sites. A short-term impact on ecology along the rehabilitated road is likely to occur in worksites during the construction period due to minor vegetation clearance (mainly grasses, not trees). Vegetative cover stripped from the locations described above will be kept for slope protection.

114. Meanwhile, the potential impacts from construction worker camps are poaching of edible animals and birds of the locality in spite of prohibitions. The contractors will be responsible for providing adequate knowledge to the workers regarding the protection of fauna. In short, all workers will be prohibited from hunting wild animals.

15. Damage to properties

115. Another potential impact during construction is damage to properties (structures, irrigation, farmland) and access roads due to civil works, transport of materials and other project-related activities. To address this impact, the contractor will immediately repair and/or compensate for any damage that it causes to properties (houses, farmlands, aquaculture ponds, irrigation canals, and others), community facilities such as water supply, power supply, communication facilities and the like. Access roads used for transport of construction materials and other construction-related activities will be maintained by the Contractor in at least in their pre-project condition for the duration of construction.

16. Concrete washout

116. The discharge of cement-laden water and slurry during concrete mixing may contaminate water resources and damage productive land in the surrounding areas. To mitigate possible effects of cement-laden water and slurry, the Contractor shall 1) collect and retain all the concrete washout water and solids in leak proof containers, so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water; 2) recycle

29

the collected concrete washout water and solids; and/or 3) use of a washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade.

17. Use of Hazardous Substances 117. Storage and use of fuel, lubricant and other toxic and hazardous chemicals will have potential impacts on soil surface and groundwater contamination. To address this impact, vehicle maintenance and refueling will be confined to areas in construction sites designed (with concrete flooring, drainage leading to oil and water separator, etc.) to contain spilled lubricants and fuels. Spill waste will be disposed to sites approved by the concerned government agency and following national regulations. Adequate precaution will be taken to prevent oil/lubricant/ hazardous substances contamination of channel beds. Spillage if any will be immediately cleared with utmost caution to leave no traces. All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials will be quarantined and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergency situations such as fire, spills, etc. in compliance with all the applicable statutory stipulation. The personnel in-charge of these sites will be properly trained and these areas will be access controlled and entry will be allowed only under authorization. Hazardous wastes will be collected, stored, transported and disposed consistent with national regulations to ensure that these will not cause pollution of surrounding areas.

18. Public safety 118. Some of the mitigation measures that should be implemented are as follows: To mitigate this impact, the following should be addressed by the Contractor: 1) installation of sturdy fencing around excavation areas and construction sites; 2) provision of proper signage and lighting at night at the periphery of the construction site to warn and direct traffic and pedestrians; 3) deployment of security personnel in hazardous areas to restrict public access; 4) imposition of speed limits for construction vehicles along residential areas and where there are other sensitive receptors; and 5) orientation of drivers on safe driving practices to minimize accidents and to prevent spill of hazardous substances and other construction materials during transport.

C. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase

1. Operation of upgraded access road

119. The Improvement of Balitian Bontoc Ili to Dalican Farm to Market Road will have potential impacts both positive and negative to the area. The negative impacts will directly involve the increased risk of accident or injury, air pollution and noise, and unplanned urbanization. However, the positive impacts will mainly focus on increased delivery of agricultural products, provide access to natural resources management project sites, and opening for tourism businesses. To mitigate these impacts, the LGU of Bontoc and other concerned agencies shall initiate and implement the following: 1) set speed limit when passing through populated area; 2) provide appropriate warning signs and lighting; 3) regular removal of debris, logs and other materials along drainage canals to avoid clogging; 4) regular vegetation control along run-off area to ensure free flow; 5) ensure that existing environmental management policies are effectively implemented and proper coordination involves different agencies; 6) adherence to land use and zoning regulations; and 7) promote tourism in the area through advertisement from the local and nationwide venue.

30

V. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION

A. Stakeholder Consultations

120. The IEE process included stakeholder participation and consultation to help LGUs achieve public acceptance of the Subproject. In October 19, 2017, the team arrived at the municipality of Bontoc and initiated a meeting with the LGU/SPMU to discuss the objectives of the visit. After the meeting, site or ocular inspection was conducted to validate the scope of works and location. A write-shop was also conducted which was attended by the SPMU and INREMP project persons. The consultation with barangay officials, residents, and local government unit of Bontoc that was held on December 7, 2017 confirmed that the rehabilitation of the access road is essential for economic development (Appendices 4 – 6).

121. With the involvement of the LGU in the subproject activities of INREMP particularly in the implementation of rural infrastructure support facilities, they dedicated time and effort in participating with orientation, consultation, planning and training activities. Indeed, the Sangguniang Bayan (SB) or Municipal Council passed a Resolution affirming support to INREMP and authorizing the Local Chief Executive (Mayor) to enter into contract for the Improvement of Balitian Bontoc Ili to Dalican Farm to Market Road (Appendices 7 - 10).

Table 11. Summary of Stakeholder Views of the Road Improvement in Dalican

Date of Consultation: December 07, 2017 Venue: Dalican Barangay Hall Total number of participants: 83 Group represented: local residents, IP leader, MLGU, BLGU, CSOs, LIGs Questions Responses

Benefits from the road rehabilitation expressed by on-site and off-site stakeholders

The following are the responses of the participants when asked what

benefits they’re expecting to gain from the subproject:

The Farm-to-Market give ease in the transport of farm inputs and outputs

The road serves as a firebreak for both sides of the road and facilitate in

responding to forest fire

Access to social services is improved

Safe access for all, accidents prevented

Livelihood improvement/ establishment

Pre- construction phase issues

Beneficiaries Response Project Management Team Response No issues identified No issues identified

Construction phase issues

No issues identified.

PO Suggestion/s: Facilitator’s Suggestion/s:

Operation and maintenance phase issues

No issues identified Facilitator’s Suggestion/s:

Suggested impact mitigation measures

Aside from the anticipated issues and its corresponding mitigation measure, the beneficiaries of the subproject to be vigilant during construction phase to check possible adverse impact and adopt corresponding mitigation measures

31

B. Information Disclosure 122. After study completion, the IEE documenting the mitigation measures and consultation process will be submitted to ADB for posting on their website, DENR-FMB, the Municipality of Bontoc and the one affected Barangay office, DENR regional office, which will make them available to the public. More informal and vigorous level of disclosure and consultation will be done during implementation through:

• The preparation and dissemination of a brochure in local languages, explaining the

affected peoples’ entitlements and the procedures for obtaining compensation for temporary disturbances, trees, crops, and land for construction camps and recording grievances; and

• Setting up a formal grievance redress committee with a representation from the affected people. Field consultant in association with the Contractor will be responsible for managing the effective grievance redress program.

VI. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

123. The Local Government Unit of Bontoc has properly conducted the consultations with the different stakeholders of the subproject site. However, it still has to make room for possible issues, concerns, or grievances and disputes arising from the communities in relation to the project implementation. Thus, it sets up a Grievance Redress Mechanism to provide a venue for resolving grievances and disputes even at the lowest level. This will be done to resolve disputes as early and as quickly as possible before it escalates to an unmanageable level.

124. Since, the community consultations were conducted smoothly and no adverse or violent reactions have been noted, there are only minor grievances that are anticipated which may arise. These are listed below:

1) Road accessibility related grievances – This may include complaints from

communities using the roads under repair or construction due to temporary obstruction, which may cause delay in travel time and other inconveniences of the travelling public.

2) Construction related grievances – Community members may demand to be hired as part of the labor force in the project construction/implementation. This may also include complaints of community members regarding noise, drainage, and etc.

3) Indigenous Peoples related grievances – may come from IPs residing within the influence areas concerned with potential effects to ecological and social resources of their area/abode.

125. In case grievances and disputes do arise, there are existing groups in the area which can be tapped to form part of the GRM. In fact, different active groups exist in the area such as the Barangay Development Council (BDC) with its Lupon which is mainly in-charge of settling disputes related to barangay administration, and the IP Chieftain and IP Mandatory Representative, which also takes care of resolving disputes relating to the indigenous people residing in the barangay.

126. A subproject-specific grievance redress mechanism will be established at the RPMO to receive, evaluate and facilitate the complaints/grievances of affected persons on the sub- project’s environmental performance. This mechanism will be disclosed to the host

32

communities before start of civil works. 127. The grievance redress committee (GRC) will be chaired by the Regional Project Management Office (RPMO) head. Members will include the following: (i) designated GRM officer of PPCO, (ii) contractor’s highest official at the site such as the Construction Manager or the Construction Superintendent; and (iii) barangay chairperson. For the quick filing of complaints, the GRC will use the attached grievance intake form (Appendix 10). The PPCO's GRM officer will be responsible for registration of grievances and communication with the aggrieved party.

128. The steps to be followed in filing complaints and the procedures for redress are the following:

(i) complainant will provide the background and file the complaint verbally or in

writing to the RPMO, and the RPMO's GRM officer will assist the complainant in filling-up the grievance intake form;

(ii) within 2 working days, the GRM Officer, contractor’s representative, and complainant will discuss if the complaint can be resolved without calling for a GRC meeting;

(iii) within 3 days of lodging the complaint, the RPMO's GRM officer will provide the complainant a written feedback on the process, steps and timeframe for resolving the complaint.

(iv) if the complaint cannot be resolved, a GRC meeting with the complainant will be called within 5 working days;

(v) the GRC will have 15 working days to resolve the complaint; (vi) the complainant will receive feedback from the RPMO's GRM officer within 5

working days after the various steps of the GRM are completed; and (vii) if unsatisfied with the decision, the existence of the GRC will not impede the

complainant's access to the Government's judicial, administrative remedies or through concerned government agencies (e.g., Community Environment and Natural Resources Office and Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office of DENR, Regional offices of the Environmental Management Bureau, etc.)

129. The GRC will receive, follow-up and prepare monthly reports regarding all complaints, disputes or questions received about the Project and corresponding actions taken to resolve the issues. These reports will be included in the semi-annual environmental monitoring reports to be submitted to ADB.

Grievance Among IPs

130. Giving primacy to the traditional conflict resolution system, grievances will be handled following the procedure outlined below. In resolving disputes among the indigenous peoples, the determination or decision is usually reached through dialogue and consensus. There may be several conflict resolution sessions according to the specific tribe’s customary laws before the dispute may be resolve. Thus, there is no clear definite timeline on when the conflict or dispute should be settled at the level of the clan and the Council of Elders.

a. Dispute/grievance will be resolved first among the members of the clan; b. If the said grievance/dispute is not resolved at the clan level, this will be brought to

the level of the Council of Elders (COE); and c. If still unresolved at the COE level, the said dispute/grievance will be submitted to

the NCIP Regional Hearing Officer (RHO), for resolution, where the decision will be final and executory. The dispute/ grievance will be heard and adjudicated in

33

Agency Responsibilities LGU of Bontoc, Mt. Province • Executing agency with overall responsibility for project construction and

operation • Ensure that sufficient funds are available to properly implement the EMP • Ensure that Project implementation complies with Government

environmental policies and regulations • Ensure that the Project, regardless of financing source, complies with the

provisions of the EMP and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 • Obtain necessary environmental approval(s) from the Environmental

Management Bureau and/or other concerned government agencies prior to commencement of civil works

• Ensure that tender and contract documents for design, supervision and civil works include the relevant EMP requirements

• Establish an environmental grievance redress mechanism, as described in the IEE, to receive and facilitate resolution of affected peoples' concerns

• Submit semi-annual monitoring reports on EMP implementation to ADB.

Existing ADB Project Management Office

• Project management office with direct responsibility for the implementation of civil works, engineering designs and project coordination.

• Ensure that EMP design measures are incorporated in the detailed design • Ensure that EMP provisions are strictly implemented and monitored during

various project phases (design/pre-construction, construction and operation)

to mitigate environmental impacts to acceptable levels • Include relevant provisions of the EMP in the bid and contract documents for

design, civil works and supervision.

Regional Project Management Office (RPMO), and Watershed Management And Project Coordination Offices (WMPCO)

• Closely monitor contractor’s environmental performance and over-all implementation of the EMP

• Prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring reports on status of EMP implementation for submission to ADB

• Based on the results of EMP monitoring, identify environmental corrective actions and prepare a corrective action plan, as necessary, for submission to ADB

• Responsible for coordinating with EMB, Local Government Units (LGU), and

other concerned agencies related to environmental aspects for maintaining project`s compliance with environmental permits.

TA – PMIC, and National Project Coordinating Office

• . Engage environment specialists who will undertake supervision and monitoring of EMP implementation and contractor’s environmental performance

• As part of day-to-day project supervision, closely supervise and monitor the contractor’s implementation of mitigation measures specified in the EMP

• Assist PMU and WMPCO in preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring reports on status of EMP implementation. Such report will include results of ambient environmental monitoring to be conducted by the contractors.

accordance with the Rules on Pleadings, Practice and Procedures before the NCIP.

VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Implementation Arrangements

131. Institutions responsible for executing and monitoring the implementation of the EMP are presented in Table 12

Table 12. Responsibilities for EMP Implementation

34

Table 12. Responsibilities for EMP Implementation Agency Responsibilities Contractors • Recruit qualified environmental and safety officer to ensure compliance with

environmental statutory requirements, contractual obligations and EMP provisions

• Provide sufficient funding and human resources for proper and timely

implementation of required mitigation and monitoring measures in the EMP • Implement additional environmental mitigation measures, as necessary, to

avoid, minimize and/or compensate for adverse impacts due to construction works and related activities performed by the contractor.

EMB - DENR • Review and approve environmental assessment reports required by the Government

• Undertake monitoring of the project’s environmental performance based on their mandate

ADB • Conduct periodic site visits to assess status of EMP implementation and over-all environmental performance of the Project

• Review environmental monitoring reports submitted by the executing agency to ensure that adverse impacts and risks are properly addressed

• Publicly disclose through posting on ADB’s website environmental monitoring reports, corrective action plans, new or updated IEE (if any) prepared by the executing agency during project implementation

B. Environmental Mitigation

132. Table below presents environmental mitigation measures to address anticipated adverse impacts of the Subproject. The EMP also shows responsibilities for implementation of mitigation measures and corresponding supervision and monitoring.

Table 13. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Component/Activity

Potential Environmental Impacts

Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibilities

Cost Estimates

Implementation Monitor Pre-Construction Phase Confirmation of no required resettlement,

relocations, and compensation

No negative environmental impacts

Conducted Consultation meetings with barangay officials and concerned POs’ officers and members

Conducted information awareness campaign regarding subproject location

LGU of Bontoc

WMPCO PPCO / RPMO

Identification and

prioritization of road section where re- gravelling will be done

Lack of information

and/or low participation of the community, particularly women and marginalized sectors

Subproject sites validation with

following conditions:

ensure that the INREMP validation process on subproject implementation is being complied with

hold consultative meetings with balanced representation of men and women and affected persons on the subproject components and management plan

LGU of Bontoc

WMPCO PPCO / RPMO

Preparation of detailed

engineering designs and programs of work for the subproject

Minimize negative

environmental impacts

Work with LGU RI Engineer for the

completion of the proposed upgraded access road detailed designs and to ensure the following measures are included:

identification of spill management prevention and emergency response plans for all

construction sites;

LGU of Bontoc

WMPCO PPCO / RPMO

Table 13. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Component/Activity

Potential Environmental Impacts

Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibilities

Cost Estimates

Implementation Monitor locate aggregate borrow pits and

rock supply areas away from human settlements with fencing and access barriers;

for local residents: include specific plan to notify and provide them schedule to minimize

disruption to normal commercial and residential activities

Recruitment of workers Gender discrimination and

tendency to recruit outsiders

Hire local workers as much as

possible, and give equal privilege for women to get involved in selected tasks appropriate for them

Contractor

LGU of Bontoc / WMPCO PPCO / RPMO

Construction Phase Construction materials

acquisition, transport access, and storage system

Pollution, injury,

interrupted usual road use, disrupted access, noise

Procure construction

materials from sources with

valid environmental

clearances, i.e. for sand,

gravel and timber from those

with valid DENR-MGB/EMB

permits.

All borrow pits and quarries

should be approved by

Municipal Engineering

Division.

Select pits and quarries in areas with low gradient and as close

as possible to construction the sites.

Required aggregate volumes must be carefully calculated

prior to extraction to prevent wastage.

Pits and quarries should not be located near surface waters, forested areas, critical habitat for wildlife, or cultural objects and landmarks.

If aggregate quarrying from fluvial environments is required small streams and rivers should be used, and dry alluvial plains preferred.

All topsoil and overburden removed should be stockpiled for later restoration.

All borrow pits and quarries should have a fence perimeter with signage to keep public away.

After use pits and quarries should be dewatered and permanent fences installed with signage to keep public out, and restored as much as possible using original overburden and topsoil.

Unstable slope conditions in/adjacent to the quarry or pit caused by the extractions should be rectified with tree planting.

Define & schedule how

Contractor LGU of

Bontoc / WMPCO PPCO / RPMO

Part of the

contractor’ s contract

35

Table 13. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Component/Activity

Potential Environmental Impacts

Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibilities

Cost Estimates

Implementation Monitor materials are extracted from

borrow pits and rock quarries, transported, and handled & stored at sites.

Define and schedule how fabricated materials such as steel, wood structures, and scaffolding will be transported and handled.

All aggregate loads on trucks should be covered.

Clearing and removal of obstructions

Damage landscape Restrict vegetation removal to within RoWs.

In case, no trees will be removed without prior approval of concerned government agency.

The contractor will not use or permit the use of wood as a fuel for the execution of any part of the works, including but not limited to the extent practicable shall ensure that fuels other than wood are used for cooking.

Within RoWs, minimize land cover removals, and install protective physical barriers around trees.

All RoWs to be re-vegetated and landscaped after construction completed.

Consult PENRO/CENRO to determine the most successful restoration strategy and techniques.

Contractor LGU of Bontoc / WMPCO PPCO / RPMO

Part of the contractor’ s contract

Soil erosion High suspended

solid contents of river, sedimentation.

Berms, and plastic sheet fencing should be placed around all excavations and earthwork areas.

Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods.

Maintain a stockpile of topsoil for immediate site restoration following backfilling.

Protect exposed or cut slopes with planted vegetation and have a slope stabilization protocol ready.

Re-vegetate all soil exposure areas immediately after work is completed.

minimize damage and cutting of surrounding vegetation during slope formation,

prevent erosion and protect the cut slope with temporary drainage as soon as practicable after cutting, and

If new erosion occurs accidentally, back fill immediately to restore original contours.

Contractor LGU of

Bontoc / WMPCO PPCO / RPMO

Part of the

contractor’ s contract

Ground surface leveling

and gravelling of existing road

Degradation of

terrestrial and aquatic resources, and decreased water quality

All construction sites should be located away from forested or plantation areas as much as possible.

All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from forested

Contractor LGU of

Bontoc / WMPCO PPCO / RPMO

Part of the

contractor’ s contract

36

Table 13. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Component/Activity

Potential Environmental Impacts

Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibilities

Cost Estimates

Implementation Monitor and plantation areas.

No waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations.

Erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion.

Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods.

All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled with extra care away from surface waters.

No waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters.

No washing or repair of machinery near surface waters.

Pit latrines to be located away from surface waters.

No unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses.

No aggregate mining from rivers or lakes.

Minimize the use of heavy equipment at steep slopes.

Civil works (Concrete

Pavement) Air pollution, land

and water contamination, and traffic & access problems,

All construction sites should be located away from forested or plantation areas as much as possible.

All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from forested and plantation areas.

No waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations.

Protective berms, plastic sheet fencing, or silt curtains should be placed between all earthworks and nearby surface waters.

Erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion.

Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods.

All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled with extra care away from surface waters.

No waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters.

No washing or repair of machinery near surface waters.

Pit latrines to be located away from surface waters.

No unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses.

No aggregate mining from rivers or lakes.

Contractor LGU of

Bontoc / WMPCO PPCO / RPMO

Part of the

contractor’ s contract

Implementation of noise

and dust control measure

Noise, Dust, Air

Pollution Regularly apply wetting agents

to exposed soil and construction roads.

Cover or keep moist all stockpiles of construction aggregates, and all truckloads of aggregates.

Contractor LGU of

Bontoc / WMPCO PPCO / RPMO

Part of the

contractor’ s contract

37

Table 13. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Component/Activity

Potential Environmental Impacts

Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibilities

Cost Estimates

Implementation Monitor Minimize the time for

excavations and exposed soil are left open or exposed. Backfill immediately after work is completed.

As much as possible, restrict working time between 07:00 and 17:00, in particular,

activities such as pile driving, etc.

Maintain equipment in proper working condition

Replace unnecessarily noisy vehicles and machinery.

Vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use.

Construct temporary noise barriers.

Dust and noise from

borrow pits Noise, Dust provision of noise control

measures to comply with national standards, watering of the earth roads close to the settlements, use covered truck,

secure appropriate environmental permits,

the borrow and material dumping sites must be access controlled to keep away unauthorized entry of people, grazing cattle and any other stray animals, and

protective gear like ear plugs will be provided to operating personnel if they are exposed to noise levels beyond threshold limits.

Contractor LGU of

Bontoc / WMPCO PPCO / RPMO

Part of the

contractor’ s contract

Implementation of spoil management and control measure

Contamination of land and surface waters from excavated spoil, and construction waste

Uncontaminated spoil to be disposed of in government – designated sites, which must never be in or adjacent surface waters. Designated sites must be clearly marked and identified.

Spoil must not be disposed of on sloped land, near cultural property or values, ecologically important areas, or on/near any other socially or ecologically sensitive feature.

Where possible spoil should be used at other construction sites, or disposed in spent quarries or borrow pits.

A record of type, estimated volume, and source of disposed spoil must be recorded.

Uncontaminated spoil to be disposed of in government – designated sites, which must never be in or adjacent surface waters. Designated sites must be clearly marked and identified.

Spoil must not be disposed of on sloped land, near cultural property or values, ecologically important areas, or on/near any other socially or ecologically sensitive feature.

Where possible spoil should be

Contractor LGU of Bontoc / WMPCO PPCO / RPMO

Part of the contractor’ s contract

38

Table 13. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Component/Activity

Potential Environmental Impacts

Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibilities

Cost Estimates

Implementation Monitor used at other construction sites,

or disposed in spent quarries or borrow pits.

A record of type, estimated volume, and source of disposed spoil must be recorded.

Contaminated spoil disposal must follow government regulations including handling, transport, treatment (if necessary), and disposal.

Suspected contaminated soil must be tested, and disposed of in designated sites identified as per government regulations.

Before treatment or disposal contaminated spoil must be covered with plastic and isolated from all human activity.

Solid and liquid

construction waste management system

Contamination of

land and surface waters from construction waste

Management of general solid and liquid waste of construction will

follow government regulations to include covering, collecting, handling, transporting, recycling, and disposing waste created from construction activities and the work force.

Disposal areas for solid and liquid waste must be determined by the government.

Disposal of waste should be catalogued for type, estimated weigh, and source.

Construction sites should have large garbage bins.

A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup and disposal must be established and followed that ensures construction sites are as clean as possible.

Solid waste should be separated and recyclables be sold to buyers in the community.

Hazardous Waste

Collection, storage, transport, and disposal of hazardous waste such as used oils, gasoline, paint, and other toxics must follow government regulations.

Wastes should be separated (e.g., hydrocarbons, batteries, paints, organic solvents)

Wastes must be stored above ground in closed, well labeled, ventilated plastic bins in good condition, away from construction activity areas, all surface water, water supplies, and cultural and ecological sensitive receptors.

All spills must be cleaned up completely with all contaminated soil removed and handled with by contaminated spoil sub-plan.

Contractor LGU of

Bontoc / WMPCO PPCO / RPMO

Part of the

contractor’ s contract

Construction drainage system

Loss of drainage and rain water natural channels

Provide adequate short-term drainage away from construction sites to prevent ponding and flooding.

Contractor LGU of Bontoc / WMPCO

Part of the contractor’ s contract

39

Table 13. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Component/Activity

Potential Environmental Impacts

Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibilities

Cost Estimates

Implementation Monitor Prevent borrow pits and quarries

to be filled with water. Pump periodically to infiltration areas or nearby water courses.

Install temporary storm drains or ditches for construction sites

Ensure connections among surface waters (ponds, streams) are maintained or enhanced to sustain existing storm water storage capacity.

Protect surface waters from silt and eroded soil.

PPCO /

RPMO

Water quality Water and soil Set up proper and adequate sanitary facilities,

Ensure strict observance of proper waste handling and disposal and proper sanitation including by the contractors and its workers,

Provide wastewater treatment facility (e.g., septic tank), and

Trucks and other vehicle maintenance should be strictly controlled to prevent the discharge of waste into the river system. Wastewater from the construction works containing high concentration of suspended solids should be treated through sedimentation tanks.

The discharge of cement-laden water and slurry during concrete mixing may contaminate water resources and damage productive land in the surrounding areas. To mitigate possible effects of cement-laden water and slurry, the Contractor shall 1) collect and retain all the concrete washout water and

solids in leak proof containers, so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, 2) recycle the collected concrete washout water and solids, and/or 3) use of a

washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade.

Contractor SPMU PPCO / RPMO

Part of the

Contractor’ s contract

Implement construction

drainage system Loss of drainage

and rain water natural channels

Provide adequate short-term drainage away from construction

sites to prevent ponding and flooding.

Prevent borrow pits and quarries to be filled with water. Pump periodically to infiltration areas or nearby water courses.

Install temporary storm drains or ditches for construction sites

Ensure connections among surface waters (ponds, streams) are maintained or enhanced to sustain existing storm water storage capacity.

Protect surface waters from silt and eroded soil.

Contractor SPMU

PPCO / RPMO

Part of the

Contractor’ s contract

40

Table 13. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Component/Activity

Potential Environmental Impacts

Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibilities

Cost Estimates

Implementation Monitor Workers health, safety

and hygiene Land and people proper fencing, protective

barriers, and buffer zones should be provided around all construction sites,

sufficient signage and information disclosure, and supervisors and night guards should be placed,

worker and public safety guidelines should be followed,

provide adequate sanitation and waste disposal at construction sites,

the contractor will not hire children and pregnant women,

standing water suitable for disease vector breeding should be filled in,

worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given at the beginning of the construction phase. A construction site safety program should be developed and distributed to workers,

appropriate safety clothing, footwear, gloves, hard hats, eye protection and other PPE should be mandatory for all construction workers,

adequate medical services must be on site or nearby all construction site,

drinking water must be provided at all construction sites,

sufficient lighting be used during necessary night work, and

all construction sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed.

Contractor SPMU

PPCO / RPMO

Part of the

Contractor’ s contract

Traffic safety and

management Road accidents Throughout the construction period,

the contractor will ensure that affected people are provided adequate and safe access to properties (structures, land, etc.).All construction vehicles observe speed limits on the construction sites and to provide adequate signage, barriers, and flag persons for traffic control. Sign postings such as ‘men working’,

‘Keep left/right’, ‘construction ahead’, and ‘speed limit’, should be used for traffic management and road safety. As much as possible, road works will be confined to one half of the road width at each section to provide access to pedestrian and vehicles during construction works.

Contractor LGU of

Bontoc/ WMPCO PPCO / RPMO

Part of the

contractor’ s contract

Ecological environment

(Flora and Fauna) Minor vegetation

loss Construction vehicles will operate

within the corridor of impact to

avoid damaging soil and vegetation.

Avoid soil compaction around trees. Generally the rule will be to avoid driving heavy equipment or trucks anywhere into the 'drip- line' of a tree.

In case, no trees will be removed without prior approval of

Contractor LGU of

Bontoc/ WMPCO PPCO / RPMO

Part of the

contractor’ s contract

41

Table 13. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Component/Activity

Potential Environmental Impacts

Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibilities

Cost Estimates

Implementation Monitor concerned government agency.

The contractor will not use or permit the use of wood as a fuel for the execution of any part of the works.

No work camps will be located in ecologically sensitive sites such as protected and conservation areas, or densely vegetated site.

Workers shall be prohibited from hunting/trapping wildlife.

Damaged to properties Land The contractor will immediately

repair and/or compensate for any damage that it causes to properties (houses, farmlands, aquaculture ponds, irrigation canals, and others), community facilities such as water supply, power supply,

communication facilities and the like. Access roads used for transport of construction materials and other construction-related activities will be maintained by the Contractor in at least in their pre-project condition for the duration of construction.

Contractor SPMU

PPCO / RPMO

Part of the

Contractor’ s contract

Concrete washout Soil and water contamination

The Contractor shall 1) collect and

retain all the concrete washout water and solids in leak proof containers, so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, 2) recycle the collected concrete washout water and solids, and/or 3) use of a washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade.

Contractor SPMU

PPCO / RPMO

Part of the Contractor’ s contract

Use of Hazardous

Substances People, land and

water Vehicle maintenance and refueling

will be confined to areas in construction sites designed (with concrete flooring, drainage leading to oil and water separator, etc.) to contain spilled lubricants and fuels. Spill waste will be disposed to sites approved by the concerned government agency and following national regulations. Adequate precaution will be taken to prevent oil/lubricant/ hazardous substances contamination of channel beds. Spillage if any will be immediately cleared with utmost caution to leave no traces. All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials will

be quarantined and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergency situations such as fire, spills, etc. in compliance with all the applicable statutory stipulation. The personnel in-charge of these sites will be properly trained and these areas will be access controlled and entry will be allowed only under authorization. Hazardous wastes will

be collected, stored, transported and disposed consistent with national regulations to ensure that these will not cause pollution of surrounding areas.

Contractor SPMU

PPCO / RPMO

Part of the

Contractor’ s contract

Public safety People installation of sturdy fencing

42

43

Table 13. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Component/Activity

Potential Environmental Impacts

Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibilities

Cost Estimates

Implementation Monitor around excavation areas and

construction sites,

provision of proper signage and lighting at night at the periphery of the construction site to warn and direct traffic and pedestrians,

deployment of security personnel in hazardous areas to restrict public access,

imposition of speed limits for construction vehicles along residential areas and where there are other sensitive receptors, and

orientation of drivers on safe driving practices to minimize accidents and to prevent spill of hazardous substances and other construction materials during transport.

Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase Operation of upgraded

access road Increased risk of

accident or injury, air pollution and noise.

Obstruction of run- off along drainage canals causing run- off overflow leading to erosion of the road

Exploitation of natural resources in the area

Unplanned urbanization

Increased delivery of agricultural products

Tourism

Set speed limit when passing through populated area

Provide appropriate warning signs and lighting

Regular removal of debris, logs and other materials along drainage canals to avoid clogging

Regular vegetation control along run-off area to ensure free flow

Ensure that existing

environmental management policies are effectively implemented and proper coordination involves different agencies.

Adherence to land use and zoning

regulations

Promote tourism in the area

through advertisement from the local and nationwide venue.

LGU of Bontoc WMPCO

PPCO / RPMO DENR

Part of the

proponents obligation

C. Environmental Monitoring 133. Table below presents the environmental monitoring activities to be undertaken during

various project phases. Monitoring of the contractor’s environmental performance in terms of

implementation of mitigation measures during construction phases shall be undertaken by the

community at the barangay level, project management unit, prov incial project

coordination off ice, regional project management off ice, and ESS. The RPMO

and ESS shall be assisted by TA-PMIC in preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring

reports. Such report will be submitted by the proponent to ADB and will be publicly disclosed

on ADB’s website. The monitoring reports shall describe in detail the status of EMP

implementation and compliance issues as well as corrective actions, if any.

134. The RPMO and ESS during project implementation will be required to organize a community level environmental monitoring. Prior to commencement of site works, the RPMO, ESS and SSS shall undertake consultations with affected residents, barangay and/or officials to encourage them to participate in the community level environmental monitoring program. The

44

locals shall be allowed to freely participate during the environmental monitoring to be conducted by the LGU together with PPCO, RPMO, SSS and ESS. The SSE, ESS and WMPCO shall provide orientation on how to undertake monitoring using the Environmental Monitoring Framework shown below:

COMMUNITY LEVEL CONSTRUCTION MONITORING FORM Subproject Name: Location: Reporting Period:

Impact/ Mitigation Measures Compliance

Attained (Yes, No, or Partial)

Comment on Reasons for Partial or Non- Compliance

1

2

3

Recommendation/s:

Signature: Date:

Table 14. Environmental Monitoring Plan

Aspects/ Parameters To Be Monitored

Location Means of Monitoring Monitoring Frequency

Monitoring Responsibility

Monitoring Cost

Pre-Construction Phase Siting of subproject

(proper location and alignment)

Final location of the subproject

Original field work, literature survey, community consultations

Once SPMU, WMPCO, PPCO/RPMO with SSE and ESS

INREMP Project Cost

Inclusiveness of community participation (%

indigenous peoples, women and other

Final location of the subproject

Field work, community consultations

Once SPMU,

WMPCO, PPCO/RPMO with SSE and ESS

INREMP

Project Cost

45

Table 14. Environmental Monitoring Plan

Aspects/ Parameters To Be Monitored

Location Means of Monitoring Monitoring Frequency

Monitoring Responsibility

Monitoring Cost

marginalized sector

attending)

Compliance with mitigation

measures set out in the Environmental Mitigation Plan

Final location of

the subproject

Site inspection Monthly SPMU,

WMPCO, PPCO/RPMO with SSE and ESS

INREMP Project Cost

Construction Phase Nuisance caused

by construction activities (dust particulates, noise level, traffic congestion)

Final location of the subproject

Visual observations to assess impacts on air quality (dust emission)

Interviews with communities (noise, project- related complaints)

Daily monitoring through observations

at construction site.

SPMU, WMPCO, PPCO/RPMO with SSE and ESS

INREMP Project Cost

Water contamination (presence of grease, amount of suspended solids)

Final location of the subproject

Visual observations to assess impacts on surface water

quality (evidence of siltation from construction activities)

Monitoring to

be done during excavation works especially

after heavy rains

SPMU,

WMPCO, PPCO/RPMO with SSE and ESS

INREMP

Project Cost

Compliance with mitigation measures set out in the Environmental Mitigation Plan

Final location of the subproject

Site inspection Monthly SPMU, WMPCO, PPCO/RPMO with SSE and ESS

INREMP Project Cost

Operation and Maintenance of Upgraded Road Traffic accidents Upgraded

road Regular record

keeping Continuously SPMU,

WMPCO, PPCO / RPMO

INREMP Project Cost

Incidence of flooding

Adjacent to upgraded road

Surveys, public complaints

Seasonal for 5

years SPMU,

WMPCO, PPCO / RPMO

INREMP

Project Cost

Overall compliance to O&M responsibilities and mitigation

measures as set out in the Environmental Mitigation Plan

Proponent

LGU, WMPCO, PPMO with SSE and ESS

Regular record keeping.

Continuously SPMU, WMPCO,

PPCO / RPMO, NCIP

INREMP Project Cost

135. The RPMO shall submit the following environmental reporting documentation to ADB:

Environmental Monitoring Reports: Semi-annual environmental monitoring

reports will be submitted by RPMO to ADB. The report, which will be prepared by RPMO and ESS with assistance for TA-PMIC, will provide the following information:

Background/Context of the monitoring report (adequate information on the project, including physical implementation progress of project activities, scope of monitoring report, reporting period, and the monitoring requirements including frequency of submission as agreed upon);

46

Compliance with applicable government laws, regulations and requirements;

Changes in project scope and adjusted safeguard measures, if applicable;

Monitoring parameters/indicators and methods based on the monitoring plan/program in the EMP;

Monitoring results compared against the objectives of safeguards or desired outcomes documented (e.g. environmental impacts avoided or minimized, etc.);

If noncompliance or any major gaps identified, include a corrective action plan;

Records on disclosure of monitoring information to affected communities;

Summary of environmental mitigations and compensation measures implemented;

Identification of key issues, or complaints from affected people, or recommendations for improvement;

Monitoring adjustment measures recommended based on monitoring experience/trends and stakeholders response;

Information about actual institutional arrangement for implementing the monitoring program/plan provided or adjusted, as may be required;

Proposed items of focus for the next report and due date.

Project Completion Report One (1) year after completion of the construction, the

RPMO through its ESS shall submit a Project Completion Report which will include the overall environmental performance of the Subproject.

VIII. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

A. Conclusion

136. The present IEE reviewed the general environmental profile of the subproject, covering about 5.10 km roads with width of 4 m and 3 m carriage way with 1 m for shoulder including drainage at both sides for this purpose and screened them to assess potential impacts. The IEE reveals that no major negative environmental impacts are likely to occur due to the construction activities and normal operations after the proposed rehabilitation. Implementation of appropriate mitigation measures during construction and operation phases will minimize the negative impacts of the Project to acceptable levels. To ensure that these mitigation measures are implemented and negative impacts avoided, the measures will be included in the civil works bid and contract specifications of the Project.

137. Rural infrastructures like roads project arguably are vital structures needed to spur economic development in Barangay Dalican, with full potentials and opportunities owing to its varied development zones and natural resources.

138. The Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road project for one shall be a crucial infrastructure for uplifting the quality of life of the people by providing an all-year-round easy and affordable access, improving the prompt delivery of basic services, increasing economic opportunities, and supporting the NRM project activities of the constituents, thus supporting the developing economy of Barangay Dalican cascading benefits to the entire municipality.

47

139. Hence, the Project will have overall beneficial impact and will have minor negative impacts that will be carefully monitored and adequately mitigated through implementation of the EMP.

B. Recommendation

140. It is recommended as priority over the other proposed project in the municipality giving due importance to the area which is lagging behind due to poor accessibility. Further, the realization of the project will spur economic opportunities and social activities in the vicinity and in the municipality as a whole.

141. The main goal of the project is to support the NRM activities of POs. However, the end goal of the subproject is to provide an all-year-round easy and affordable access thereby improving the prompt delivery of basic services, increasing economic opportunities and conditions and uplifts the quality of life of the inhabitants, especially the constituents.

142. The project will enhance the social status of the people, especially the IPs, women, children, and other vulnerable sectors of the influence area, through better health services and employment opportunities due to more investments in agriculture and livelihood. There will be better access to the business centers leading to economic prosperity. This will also result to better education and more educational institutions established. The project will encourage investment of agri-business due to safe and economical travel. Its effect would be an increase in production with lower prices of agricultural products.

143. The Proposed Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road will boost the economic activities of the influence area which is currently experiencing stagnation due mainly to inaccessibility. With the project, socio-economic services will be easier not only for the public sector but also to private and semi-private providers. This will entice the community to gradually eliminate economic activities in the forest protection zone, and instead, concentrating their activities in the forest production zone. In this way, the people will become the guardian of the natural resources of the upper slopes of the watershed guaranteeing stable supply of water and other natural resources in the lower portion of the watershed.

Appendix 1: CNC Application

48

49

Appendix 2: Pictures of the Road for Improvement

50

Appendix 3: Photo Documentation For Road Alignment

51

Appendix 4: Post Activity Report – Barangay Public Assembly

52

Appendix 5: Attendance Sheet – Barangay Public Assembly

53

54

55

Appendix 6: Photo Documentation - Barangay Public Assembly

56

Appendix 7: SB Resolution Accepting and Supporting the Subproject

57

Appendix 8: Executive Order Organizing the Subproject Management Unit

58

59

Appendix 9: Barangay Certification Endorsing the Subproject

60

Appendix 10: Barangay Resolution Endorsing the Subproject

61

62

Appendix 11: Grievance Intake Form

Name of Project, Subproject and Location

Project (indicate name of project) welcomes complaints, suggestions, comments and queries regarding the project implementation and its stakeholders. We encourage persons with grievance to provide their name and contact information to enable us to get in touch with you for clarification and feedback.

Should you choose to include your personal details but want that information to remain confidential, please inform us by writing/typing "(CONFIDENTIAL)" above your name.

Thank you.

Contact Information

Name Gender □ Male □ Female

Home Address Age

Phone No.

City/Province Email

Complaint/Suggestion/Comment/Question Please provide the details (who, what, where and how) of your

grievance below:

63

How do you want us to reach you for feedback or update on your comment/grievance?

Portion to be filled in by PPCO staff (designated Grievance Redress Mechanism Officer):

Date received:

Received through:

In person mail email fax phone sms

Name of staff who received comment/ complaint

Position of staff:

Type of Grievance:

Remarks

Signature of staff

Updates on the case:

Date: Update Updated by (Name, Signature and Designation)

64