Phcog J | Vol 2 | Issue 13 | 543–553 PHCOG J HPTLC ... Fingerprint Profile of Extracts.pdf ·...

PHCOG JPhcog J | Vol 2 | Issue 13 | 543–553

D o w n l o a d e d f r o m w w w. p h c o g j . c o m

HPTLC Fingerprint Profile of Extracts from Gum, Bark and Leaf of Boswellia serrata Linn. in Different SolventsRasheed NMa*, Waheed Ma, Mushtaq ahMad, shaReef Ma, alokaNaNda ChakRaboRthy, shaMshad ak, aRfiN s, aMiNuddiN

Rasheed NMACentral Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Opp.E.S.I. Hosptial, A.G. Colony Road, Erragaddda, Hyderabad-500038, India.

Waheed MACentral Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Opp.E.S.I. Hosptial, A.G. Colony Road, Erragaddda, Hyderabad-500038, India.

Mushtaq AhmadCentral Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Opp.E.S.I. Hosptial, A.G. Colony Road, Erragaddda, Hyderabad-500038, India.

Shareef MACentral Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Opp.E.S.I. Hosptial, A.G. Colony Road, Erragaddda, Hyderabad-500038, India.

Alokananda ChakraborthyCentral Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Opp.E.S.I. Hosptial, A.G. Colony Road, Erragaddda, Hyderabad-500038, India.

Shamshad AKCentral Council for Research in Unani Medicine, 61-65 Institutional area, Janakpuri, New Delhi-110058, India.

Arfin SCentral Council for Research in Unani Medicine, 61-65 Institutional area, Janakpuri, New Delhi-110058, India.

AminuddinCentral Council for Research in Unani Medicine, 61-65 Institutional area, Janakpuri, New Delhi-110058, India.

INTRODUCTION

Boswellia serrata Linn. (Family: Burseraceae) is commonly used in Indian system of medicine (Ayurvedic) as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-arthritic.[1–3]

Boswellia seratta gum resin was first mentioned in the ancient Ayurvedic treatises, Sushruta Samhita and Charaka Samhita. Boswellia serrata is also known as Salai Guggal or Indian Frankincense and has been available as a high quality extract in India for approximately 25 years and marketed under the name Sallaki. Boswellia serrata is mainly used in rheumatic disorders, to improve appetite and general weakness.[4–6] Extract of gum resin of B. serrata containing 60% acetyl 11-keto beta boswellic acid (AKBA) along with other constituents such as 11-keto beta-boswellic acid (KBA), acetyl beta-boswellic acid and beta-boswellic acid has been evaluated for anti-ana-phylactic.[7] Preparation from the gum resin of Boswellia serrata have been used as a traditional remedy in Ayurvedic medicine in India for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Compounds from the gum with anti-inflammatory effects are pentacyclic

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Boswellia serrata Linn. tree is commonly found in India. The therapeutic value of its gum (guggulu) has been known to possess good anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-pro-liferative and analgesic activities. Oleo-gum resins from Boswellia species are used in traditional medicine in India and African countries for the treatment of a variety of diseases.

Methods: Chromatographic techniques were used for separation of components from different extracts of plant parts. This study was planned to develop a fingerprint profile of drug extracts from different parts of Boswellia serrata Linn. i.e., bark, gum and leaf in different solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform and water.

Results: A high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the separation of the active constituents in Boswellia serrata extracts has been developed and TLC of these extracts on silica gel precoated aluminium plates of Merck by automatic TLC applicator and using solvent gradient system was performed.

Conclusion: The HPTLC method for routine quality control of present species can be carried out using this method for different extracts of plant parts and serve in standardization of the drug.

Keywords: Chromatography, quality control, standardization.

Editor: Srisailam Kesetti, Phcog.Net

Copyright: © 2010 Phcog.net

*Author for Correspondence: Email: [email protected]; Phone: +91-9959840785

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HPTLC Fingerprint Profile of Extracts from Gum, Bark and Leaf of Boswellia serrata Linn. in Different Solvents

544 Phcog.Net | www.phcogj.com

triterpenes of the boswellic acid type.[8] Boswellia serrata extract or boswellic acid shows inhibitory effect on human leukocyte elastase. It blocks leukotriene biosyn-thesis and exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects. It causes inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase and human leuko-cyte elastase simultaneously.[9] Boswellia serrata gum resin contains different sugars like D-galactose, D-xylose and D-mannose. Boswellia serrata gum resin also contains volatile oil and uronic acids. A range of triterpene acids such as β-boswellic acid, acetyl-β-boswellic acid and keto-β-boswellic acid responsible for medicinal actions can be found in Boswellia serrata gum resin. Its exudates is either naturally obtained from reservoirs in barks or is produced from human-made incisions in the cortex of the tree.[10] Boswellia serrata gum resin is fragrant transparent and golden yellow, and solidifies to give a brownish yellow color. The yield per tree may vary from 0.9 to 2.5 kgs/tree/year. Boswellia serrata gum

resin burns with an agreeable odour and is chiefly used as incense. Boswellia serrata gum resin is widely used in Ayurvedic formulations for treating asthma and arthritis.[11]

Chemical constituents and components present in the crude drug: Main chemical components are boswellic acids, essential oils, gum, tannins, beta sitosterol, lignin and terpenoids.

These studies show that there is a vital need to study the extracts of Boswellic serrata from different parts of the plants. Here an attempt was made to develop the fingerprint method for the separation and identifica-tion of components with the help of HPTLC profile. HPTLC analysis was done for different drug extracts of Boswellia serrata Linn from different parts of the plants such as bark, gum and leaf; which can further lead to provide a beneficial information towards the quality of the drug and also standardization of the drug.

TABLE 1 : TLC profile of different extract of different plant parts of Boswellia serrata along with Rf values and detection system.

S.NONAME OF THE

ExTRACTSOLvENT SySTEM

DETECTION Rf vALUES

1.B.S. gum petroluem ether extract.

Tol: CHCl3 = 7:3spraying with 5% methanolic sulphuric acid and observed at 366 nm

0.03, 0.17, 0.24, 0.31, 0.36, 0.40, 0.53, 0.63, 0.72 and 0.97

2.B.S. gum chloroform extract

Tol: CHCl3 = 7:3spraying with 5% methanolic sulphuric acid and observed at 366 nm

0.04, 0.16, 0.32, 0.37, 0.49, 0.59, 0.69 and 0.95

3.B.S. gum petroleum ether extract.

Tol: CHCl3 = 7:3spraying with 5% methanolic sulphuric acid and observed at visible range

0.03, 0.17, 0.23, 0.30, 0.34, 0.39, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.91 and 0.94

4.B.S. gum chloroform extract

Tol: CHCl3 = 7:3spraying with 5% methanolic sulphuric acid and observed at visible range

0.04, 0.16, 0.32, 0.37, 0.48, 0.59, 0.69 and 0.95

5.B.S. leaf petroluem ether extract

Tol: EA = 9:1Observed under UV range at 366 nm 0.01, 0.08, 0.25, 0.41, 0.45, 0.67,

0.73 and 0.93

6.B.S. leaf chloroform extract

Tol: EA = 9:1Observed under UV range at 366 nm 0.01, 0.09, 0.26, 0.41, 0.49, 0.75

and 0.87

7.B.S. leaf petroleum ether extract

Tol: EA = 9:1spraying with 5% methanolic sulphuric acid and observed at 366 nm

0.01, 0.25, 0.40, 0.55, 0.68 and 0.93

8.B.S. leaf chloroform extract


0.01, 0.09, 0.26, 0.74 and 0.95

9.B.S. bark petroleum ether extract

Tol: EA = 9:1 observed at 366 nm 0.02, 0.30, 0.39, 0.46 and 0.55

10.B.S. bark petroleum ether extract


0.01, 0.10, 0.30, 0.41, 0.60, 0.77 and 0.93

11.B.S. bark aqueous extract

Toluene: ethyl acetate : formic acid = 5:4:1

Observed under UV range at 366 nm0.03, 0.24, 0.35 and 0.90

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September 2010 | Vol 2 | Issue 13 545


MATERIALS AND METHODS

Boswellia serrata gum, leaves and bark were collected from the authorized agent for herbal drugs in the local market of Hyderabad. The drug was authenticated by botanist from Central Research Institute of Unani Medi-cine (CRIUM), Hyderabad. Different plant parts were powdered separately with the help of pestle and mortar. Desaga HPTLC system with Proquant 1.6 version soft-ware system was used for the analysis of extracts from CRIUM, Hyderabad. Rotavapor (Equitron make) was used for evaporation of the solvents from extracts.

Preparation of extract of the sample drug

The powdered plant parts of Boswellia serrata were taken in a stoppered conical flask separately and macer-ated with the particular solvent as stated in the Table 1. Then the contents were filtered using Whattmann filter paper no 42 and evaporated to dryness by Rotavapor. From each extract, 100 mg was taken and dissolved in the corresponding solvent from which the extract was prepared and made up to 20 ml and solution obtained was applied on the TLC plate as sample solution.

Development and determination of the solvent system

A highly sensitive and accurate HPTLC method was developed and used for Boswellia serrata. Chro-matographic separation was carried on 10 cm × 10 cm aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60F

254 (Merck)

as the stationary phase for different extracts prepared from Boswellia serrata. 10 µl of the sample was applied and different solvent systems were selected for different extracts. The scan was performed at a wavelength of 366 nm and also at visible range. A saturation time of 25 minutes was allowed before chromatographic run.

The sample was spotted on the TLC plate in tripli-cate with the help of automatic TLC applicator system of the DESAGA Sarstedt Gruppe on the Merck precoated aluminum sheets of silica gel 60F

254. After trying with

various solvent systems with variable volume ratio, the suitable solvent system selected is as stated in the Table 1 in proportional ratio and developed in the twin through chamber of TLC to the maximum height of the plate so that it can be able to separate all the components on the polar phase of silica gel and that of mobile phase of solvent system. The components get separated by the principle of adsorption, having differential migration rates of individual component towards the phases.

Development of HPTLC technique

After the development, TLC plate is then removed, dried completely and detected with the

suitable detection system as 5% methanolic sulphuric acid system or UV cabinet system for detection of spots. Further it was scanned with the Densitometer CD60 of DESAGA Sarstedt Gruppe system under the UV range of 395 nm. A corresponding densitogram was then obtained in which peaks are appeared for the corresponding spots being detected in the densitom-eter while scanning, and the peak area under the curve corresponds to the concentration of the component in the sample for the concentration applied on the TLC plate is given in the Table 2–12 for different extracts.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Boswellia serrata extract solution was spotted as 8–10 mm on the precoated HPTLC silica gel 60F

254

plates. The Rf value of the corresponding component

as obtained through the software system attached with the instrument i.e., ProQuant 1.6 version and the area

TABLE 2 : Peak list and Rf values of the chromatogram of gum extracted with petroleum ether at Uv 366 nm.

PEAky-POS (mm)

AREAAREA

(%)HEIGHT Rf

1. 9.7 3974.74 34.7 937.80 0.03

2. 20.9 548.49 4.8 174.31 0.17

3. 26.5 432.53 3.8 124.23 0.24

4. 31.8 781.56 6.8 193.89 0.31

5. 35.5 783.45 6.8 220.26 0.36

6. 39.4 670.03 5.9 207.93 0.40

7. 49.2 464.53 4.1 91.43 0.53

8. 57.3 1421.96 12.4 272.28 0.63

9. 64.9 991.58 8.7 195.89 0.72

10. 84.7 1375.45 12.0 188.83 0.97

TABLE 3 : Peak list and Rf values of the chromatogram of gum extracted with chloroform at Uv 366 nm.

PEAky-POS (mm)

AREAAREA

(%)HEIGHT Rf

1. 10.1 2248.58 52.9 797.89 0.04

2. 19.9 84.42 2.0 36.94 0.16

3. 33.5 508.40 12.0 99.10 0.32

4. 37.4 215.27 5.1 71.52 0.37

5. 47.6 122.97 2.9 30.58 0.49

6. 55.7 424.06 10.0 90.85 0.59

7. 64.2 352.05 8.3 77.69 0.69

8. 85.7 294.69 6.9 56.47 0.95

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TABLE 6 : Peak list and Rf values of the chromatogram of leaf extracted with petroleum ether at Uv 366 nm.

PEAky-POS (mm)

AREAAREA

(%)HEIGHT Rf

1. 9.9 1369.47 30.0 340.77 0.01

2. 15.8 354.76 7.8 104.30 0.08

3. 29.7 1289.33 28.3 334.82 0.25

4. 43.3 465.40 10.2 119.55 0.41

5. 46.5 576.57 12.7 124.59 0.45

6. 64.9 14.65 0.3 4.34 0.67

7. 70.0 3.35 0.1 1.51 0.73

8. 86.1 484.19 10.6 91.83 0.93

TABLE 7 : Peak list and Rf values of the chromatogram of leaf extracted with chloroform at Uv 366 nm.

PEAky-POS (mm)

AREAAREA

(%)HEIGHT Rf

1. 10.1 1668.02 85.8 584.57 0.01

2. 16.3 25.48 1.3 12.75 0.09

3. 30.7 85.13 4.4 27.01 0.26

4. 42.9 71.26 3.7 23.15 0.41

5. 49.3 4.25 0.2 2.29 0.49

6. 71.6 27.66 1.4 6.67 0.75

7. 81.2 62.74 3.2 6.98 0.87

TABLE 8 : Peak list and Rf values of the chromatogram of leaf extracted with petroleum ether at Uv 366 nm after

spray treatment.

PEAky-POS (mm)

AREAAREA

(%)HEIGHT Rf

1. 10.0 4123.09 25.5 674.33 0.01

2. 29.9 1888.27 11.7 296.55 0.25

3. 42.0 2539.05 15.7 195.62 0.40

4. 54.9 1079.77 6.7 175.41 0.55

5. 65.2 1226.35 7.6 164.48 0.68

6. 86.6 5281.69 32.7 693.02 0.93

TABLE 9 : Peak list and Rf values of the chromatogram of BS leaf extracted with chloroform at Uv 366 nm after

spray treatment.

PEAky-POS (mm)

AREAAREA

(%)HEIGHT Rf

1 9.9 3546.97 69.7 1021.98 0.01

2 16.1 459.44 9.0 100.36 0.09

3 30.6 156.69 3.1 35.49 0.26

4 70.2 58.59 1.2 14.59 0.74

5 88.0 870.82 17.1 171.58 0.95

TABLE 10 : Peak list and Rf values of the chromatogram of BS bark extracted with petroleum ether at Uv 366nm.

PEAky-POS (mm)

AREAAREA

(%)HEIGHT Rf

1. 10.6 818.14 81.2 150.98 0.02

2. 33.4 129.36 12.8 20.37 0.30

3. 41.2 1.23 0.1 0.66 0.39

4. 47.0 54.01 5.4 12.07 0.46

5. 54.2 5.12 0.5 1.71 0.55

TABLE 4 : Peak list and Rf values of the chromatogram of gum extracted with petroleum ether at Uv 390 nm after

spray treatment.

PEAky-POS (mm)

AREAAREA

(%)HEIGHT Rf

1. 9.7 5092.12 38.3 911.53 0.03

2. 21.0 668.14 5.0 194.96 0.17

3. 26.1 506.00 3.8 134.49 0.23

4. 32.0 914.34 6.9 214.16 0.30

5. 35.5 919.74 6.9 238.59 0.34

6. 39.3 768.87 5.8 226.93 0.39

7. 48.8 503.21 3.8 97.98 0.50

8. 57.2 1523.53 11.5 286.77 0.60

9. 64.8 1067.23 8.0 206.30 0.70

10. 82.5 744.14 5.6 172.66 0.91

11. 85.1 591.19 4.4 173.04 0.94

TABLE 5 : Peak list and Rf values of the chromatogram of gum extracted with chloroform at Uv 390 nm after spray

treatment.

PEAky-POS (mm)

AREAAREA

(%)HEIGHT Rf

1. 10.0 2124.76 54.8 750.64 0.04

2. 19.9 70.32 1.8 32.05 0.16

3. 33.6 453.68 11.7 91.69 0.32

4. 37.3 162.54 4.2 59.59 0.37

5. 47.2 80.41 2.1 23.21 0.48

6. 55.6 338.00 8.7 81.07 0.59

7. 64.1 346.75 8.9 81.19 0.69

8. 85.7 301.36 7.8 56.32 0.95

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TABLE 11 : Peak list and Rf values of the chromatogram of BS bark extracted with petroleum ether at Uv 366 nm

after spray treatment.

PEAky-POS (mm)

AREAAREA

(%)HEIGHT Rf

1. 10.0 2398.29 34.4 372.58 0.01

2. 17.2 681.36 9.8 132.20 0.10

3. 33.2 1030.51 14.8 106.44 0.30

4. 42.6 764.53 11.0 99.16 0.41

5. 58.2 1037.51 14.9 167.34 0.60

6. 72.0 457.24 6.5 60.93 0.77

7. 85.0 612.45 8.8 97.53 0.93

TABLE 12 : Peak list and Rf values of the chromatogram of bark aqueous extract at Uv 366 nm.

PEAky-POS (mm)

AREAAREA

(%)HEIGHT Rf

1. 12.5 1773.81 87.2 516.76 0.03

2. 27.7 27.84 1.4 8.90 0.24

3. 36.4 181.59 8.9 41.54 0.35

4. 77.2 50.29 2.5 15.05 0.90

corresponds to each peak for the corresponding spot or component determines the concentration of the compo-nent in the solution were shown in the Table 2–12.

Boswellia serrata gum extracted with petroleum ether and chloroform separately was subjected to HPTLC analysis by specific solvent system as toluene and chloroform (7:3) and after spraying with 5% meth-anolic sulphuric acid and heated the plate at 105°C for 5 minutes and then detected under UV 366 nm and

also at UV 390 nm as shown in the Figure 1 and 4. The densitogram obtained upon scanning under the densi-tometer were shown in the Figure 2 and 3 at UV 366 nm whereas at UV 390 nm were shown in the Figure 5 and 6 provided Rf values for the peaks and the peak list along with R

f values at UV 366 nm were given in

the Table 2 and 3 whereas at UV 390 nm were given in the Table 4 and 5.

Boswellia serrata leaves extracted with petroleum ether and chloroform separately was subjected to HPTLC analysis by specific solvent system as toluene and ethyl acetate (9:1) and detected under UV 366 nm before and after spray treatment as shown in the Figure 7

FIGURE 1 : Boswellia serrata gum extract Petroleum ether extract applied in triplicate Track 1, 2, 3. Chloroform extract applied in triplicate Track 4, 5, 6. Solvent system: Toluene:

Chloroform = 7:3. Detection system: spraying with 5% methanolic sulphuric acid and observed at 366 nm.

FIGURE 2 : Densitogram of Boswellia serrata gum extracted with petroleum ether at Uv 366 nm.

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FIGURE 3 : Densitogram of Boswellia serrata gum extracted with chloroform at Uv 366 nm.

FIGURE 4 : Boswellia serrata gum extract. Petroleum ether extract applied in triplicate Track 1, 2, 3. Chloroform extract applied in triplicate Track 4, 5, 6. Solvent system: Toluene:Chloroform = 7:3. Detection system: spraying with 5%

methanolic sulphuric acid and observed at visible range.

FIGURE 5 : Densitogram of Boswellia serrata gum extracted with petroleum ether at Uv 390 nm after spray treatment.

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FIGURE 6 : Densitogram of Boswellia serrata gum extracted with chloroform at Uv 390 nm after spray treatment.

FIGURE 8 : Densitogram of Boswellia serrata leaf extracted with Petroleum ether at Uv 366 nm.

FIGURE 7 : Boswellia serrata leaf extract. Petroleum ether extract applied in triplicate Track 1, 2, 3. Chloroform extract applied in triplicate Track 4, 5, 6. Solvent sytem: Toluene:Ethyl acetate= 9:1. Detection System:Observed Under Uv range

at 366 nm.

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FIGURE 10 : Boswellia serrata leaf extract. Petroleum extract applied in triplicate Track 1, 2, 3. Chloroform extract applied in triplicate Track 4, 5, 6. Solvent sytem:Toluene:Ethyl acetate = 9:1. Detection system:spraying with 5%

methanolic sulphuric acid and observed at 366 nm.

FIGURE 11 : Densitogram of Boswellia serrata leaf extracted with petroleum ether at Uv 366 nm after spray treatment.

FIGURE 9 : Densitogram of Boswellia serrata leaf extracted with chloroform at Uv 366 nm.

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FIGURE 13 : Boswellia serrata bark extract. Petroleum ether extract applied in triplicate Track 1, 2, 3. Solvent sytem: Toluene:Ethyl acetate = 9:1. Detection system: observed at Uv 366 nm

FIGURE 14 : Densitogram of Boswellia serrata bark extracted with petroleum ether at Uv 366 nm.

FIGURE 12 : Densitogram of Boswellia serrata leaf extracted with chloroform at Uv 366 nm after spray treatment.

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FIGURE 17 :Boswellia serrata bark aqueous extract. Aqueous extract applied in triplicate Track 1, 2, 3. Solvent sytem: Toluene:Ethyl acetate:Formic acid = 5:4:1. Detection

System:Observed under Uv range at 366 nm.

FIGURE 18 : Densitogram of Boswellia serrata bark aqueous extract at Uv 366 nm.

FIGURE 15 : Boswellia serrata bark extract. Petroleum ether extract applied in triplicate Track 1, 2, 3. Solvent sytem:

Toluene:Ethyl acetate = 9:1. Detection system: spraying with 5% methanolic sulphuric acid and observed at 366 nm

FIGURE 16 : Densitogram of Boswellia serrata bark extracted with petroleum ether at Uv 366 nm after spray treatment.

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and 10. The densitogram obtained upon scanning under the densitometer at UV 366 nm before spray treatment were shown in the Figure 8 and 9 whereas at UV 366 nm after spray treatment were shown in the Figure 11 and 12 provided R

f values for the peaks. The peak list

along with the Rf values at UV 366 nm were given in

the Table 6 and 7 for before spray treatment whereas in Table 8 and 9 for after spray treatment.

Boswellia serrata bark extracted with petroleum ether was subjected to HPTLC analysis by specific solvent system as toluene and ethyl acetate (9:1) and detected under UV 366 nm as shown in the Figure 13. The chromatogram obtained upon scanning under the densitometer at UV 366 nm was shown in the Figure 14 provided R

f values for the peaks as shown in the

Table 10. Later the chromatogram was sprayed with 5% methanolic sulphuric acid and heated the plate at 105°C for 5 minutes and observed at UV366 nm as shown in the Figure 15. Densitogram obtained upon scanning with densitometer shown in the Figure 16 and the peak list and R

f values were given in the Table 11.

Boswellia serrata aqueous bark extract was subjected to HPTLC analysis by specific solvent system as toluene: ethyl acetate:formic acid (5:4:1) and detected under UV at 366 nm as shown in the Figure 17. The densito-gram obtained upon scanning under the densitometer was shown in the Figure 18 provided R

f values for the

peaks and the peak list was shown in the Table 12.

CONCLUSION

This method of HPTLC for the different extracts of Boswellia serrata plant parts was very much helpful in determining the quality of the crude drug and also helps to separate and isolate the components using other chromatographic techniques which can be used for further studies.

ACkNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors like to express their gratitude to the Director General, Central Council for Research in

Unani Medicine, New Delhi, for encouragement and providing necessary facilities and financial support.

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