Petrophysical Study of North Slope Alaska Shale · Motivation Characterize elastic properties of...
Transcript of Petrophysical Study of North Slope Alaska Shale · Motivation Characterize elastic properties of...
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Minh Tran
Tapan Mukerji
Energy Resources Engineering Department
Stanford University, CA, USA
Petrophysical Study of Shale
Properties in Alaska North Slope
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Region of Interest
20 miles
1.5 miles
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Stratigraphic Column
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Motivation
Characterize elastic properties of different North Alaskan
shale lithofacies.
Validate existing rock physics models in the literature by
comparing to other shale plays in the United States.
Integrate geochemical analysis into quantitative seismic
interpretation.
Quantify seismic signature to evaluate source rock potential
in the region of interest.
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Quantitative Seismic Interpretation Workflow
Acoustic Impedance: AI=Vp*Density
Elastic Impedance: EI=Function (Vp, Vs, Density, Angle)
Statistical Classification
Post-processing Seismic Data
(partial or full pre-stack)
Inverted Seismic Data of
Elastic Properties (AI, EI, AVO cube)
Source Rock
Properties (TOC, HI, Ro)
Well Log, Core,
Thin Section
Training Data of
Each Lithofacies (Vp, Vs, Density)
Geochemical Analysis
Rock physics model
Evaluation of source rock potential in terms of Geochemical and
Petrophysical Properties
Facies-dependent Relationship between Elastic
and Geochemical Properties
Calibration of multi-scale data
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Scope of Research
Build a reliable training data set of elastic properties (Vp, Vs,
density) of different shale units in Alaska North Slope
(Hue/HRZ, Pebble, Kingak, Shublik) based on log analysis.
Measure shale elastic properties (Vp, Vs) of core plugs in
laboratory to calibrate logging measurements and characterize
shale anisotropy in terms of wave propagation.
Establish relationship between elastic properties and source rock
credentials (Total Organic Content, Hydrogen Index, thermal
maturity).
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Available Data
Log suite of Alcor and Merak:
Gamma Ray tool.
Density tools,
Acoustic tools.
Cored interval:
Alcor 1: 117 feet (Hue, Shublik)
Merak 1: 398 feet (Hue, HRZ, Kingak, Shublik)
Core plug measurement:
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Intervals of interest: 8500-11000 feet MD in each well.
Purpose: to delineate different lithofacies in terms of
petrophysical and elastic properties.
Methodology: crossplot of different properties to separate
clusters of data of each lithofacies.
Petrophysical Diagnostics by Well Log Analysis
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Petrophysical Diagnostics
HRZ
SHUBLIK
HUE
KINGAK
PEBBLE
Merak
HUE/HRZ
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Lithofacies Definition
SHUBLIK
SHUBLIK
KINGAK & pebble
SHUBLIK & HUE HUE
HRZ
pebble
KINGAK
SHUBLIK
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SHUBLIK
Lithofacies Definition
HUE
HRZ
KINGAK & pebble
HUE
HRZ
pebble
KINGAK
SHUBLIK
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SHUBLIK
Lithofacies Definition
HUE
KINGAK & pebble
HUE
HRZ
pebble
KINGAK SHUBLIK
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SHUBLIK
Lithofacies Definition
HUE
KINGAK, HRZ & pebble
HUE
HRZ
pebble
KINGAK
SHUBLIK
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Shale Anisotropy
Property depends on direction.
Seismic wave sees shale anisotropy:
Direction of propagation (P and S-wave)
Direction of polarization (within S-wave: SH and SV).
Defined at the scale of the measurement (core plugs or log).
Affects seismic signature (amplitude) of multi-azimuth seismic
data.
Make use of Amplitude-versus-offset seismic data.
Shear wave polarization
(Hyperphysics.edu)
Direction of propagation
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Shear Splitting in Sonic Logs
MERAK HUE
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Core Selection
• At least one plug per lithofacies.
• Avoid undesirable lithology (calcite bands, pyrite inclusion…).
• Avoid visible fracture.
• 3 different directions at each selected depth (horizontal, vertical and 45º to the
bedding plane) if possible
• Similar texture and depth.
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Elastic Properties vs Geochemical Properties
Prasad et al. 2009
SHUBLIK
HRZ
KINGAK HUE
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Correlation with other Geochemical Properties
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Correlation with Geochemical Properties
(Alfred and Vernik 2012)
SHUBLIK
KINGAK & HRZ
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Summary
Different shale lithofacies in North Alaska System can be
qualitatively delineated in terms of elastic and petrophysical
properties.
Alaskan North Slope shale anisotropy is apparent in sonic log but
needs to be verified by core measurements.
Crossplots between elastic properties and TOC or HI show good
separation of different lithofacies.
Existing petrophysical model for shale can be applied if properly
calibrated.
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Future Work
Perform velocity measurement (bench-top and varying confining
pressure) on Stanford core set.
Update geochemical data with GeoMark data.
Calibrate the log-derived training data set from core
measurements.
Expand training dataset by using existing rock physics model for
shale (fluid substitution).
Build quantitative rock physics model for Alaska North Slope
shale.
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22 Basin and Petroleum System Modeling Industrial Affiliates Program
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Questions?
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References
Passey, Q.R., Creaney, S., Kulla, J.B., Moretti, F.J. & Stroud,
J.D., 1990, A practical model for organic richness from
porosity and resisitivity logs: American Association of
Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 74(12), 1777-1794.
Alfred, D. & Vernik, L, 2012, A new petrophysical model for
organic shales: Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log
Analysis.
Prasad, M., Kenechukwu, C., McEvoy, E. & Batzle M.L.,
2009, Maturity and impedance analysis of organic-rich shales:
SPE 123531.