Petroleum Technology Economics and Project Management Lect. No.1 By Ass. Prof.Dr. Khalid Ajmi Sukkar...

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Petroleum Technology Economics and Project Management Lect. No.1 By Ass. Prof.Dr. Khalid Ajmi Sukkar Petroleum Technology Department University of Technology-Baghdad-Iraq

Transcript of Petroleum Technology Economics and Project Management Lect. No.1 By Ass. Prof.Dr. Khalid Ajmi Sukkar...

Page 1: Petroleum Technology Economics and Project Management Lect. No.1 By Ass. Prof.Dr. Khalid Ajmi Sukkar Petroleum Technology Department University of Technology-Baghdad-Iraq.

Petroleum Technology Economics and Project Management

Lect. No.1By

Ass. Prof.Dr. Khalid Ajmi SukkarPetroleum Technology Department

University of Technology-Baghdad-Iraq

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References1- Jean Masseron, PETROLEUM ECONOMICS, 4th edition., Edition Technip, 1990.2- Ian Lerche, and Sheila Noeth , Economics of Petroleum Production Volume 2: Value and Worth, 1992.3- IFP School, Oil and Gas Exploration and Production-Reserves, Costs, Contracts, Editions TECHNIP, 2004.4- M.A. Al-Sahlawi ,Hussein K. Abdel-Aal ,Mohammed A. Alsahlawi Petroleum Economics and Engineering, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, 1992.5- Petroleum Economics | slb.com ( االميركية شلمبرجر شركة (نشريات6- OPEC Magazines (2011-2012)الصدر , -7 باقر محمد السيد اقتصادنا

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World Proven Reserves of Crude Oil

63.7

89.5

20.6

74.9

65.4

44.0675.7

thousand million barrels

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Energy Distribution

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Types of Crude OilThe different Types of crude oil are classified based on the American Petroleum Gravity (API) gravity and viscosity. The properties may vary in terms of proportion of hydrocarbon elements, sulfur content etc as it is extracted from different geographical locations all over the world. If the API gravity of the crude oil is of 20 degrees or less, it is graded as 'heavy', those with an API gravity of 40.1 degrees or greater than that is known as 'light' and if the oil ranges between 20 and 40.1 degrees, it is graded as 'intermediate'.

Classifications are made based on the sulfur content as well. Crude oil with low content of sulfur means 'sweet' and the presence of high content sulfur is known as 'sour'. The purity of crude oil increases or decreases based on the sulfur content as sulfur is an acidic material

One of the largest and major Classifications of Crude oil is: Brent Blend, which is found in the North Sea. With an API gravity of 38.3 degrees and 0.37% of sulfur, this blend of crude oil comes from 15 various oil fields in the North Sea. Brent Blend is refined in the United States and Gulf coasts during the times of export. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) otherwise known as Texas Light Sweet, OPEC Reference Basket (ORB) and Dubai Crude are other major benchmarks or references. The deposits for West Texas Intermediate are found in Texas and Mexico whereas for OPEC Reference Basket oil is sourced from Bonny light (Nigeria), Arab light (Saudi Arabia), Basra light (Iraq), Saharan blend (Algeria) and Minas (Indonesia). Although, Brent blend is graded as a light crude oil, it is not as light as WTI.

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Crude Types

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OPEC Capacity

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Oil market Developments 2000- 2004

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التشغيل عملية

التنفيذ عمليةمحددة أهداف إطار ضمن البرامج تطوير

اإلستراتيجي التخطيط عمليةواألهداف والسياسات الغايات تحديد

البرامج اختيار

الخارجية العوامل العوامل تقنيالخارجية

ثقافي

تاريخي

اقتصادي

نفسي

سياسي

قانوني

المعطيات النواتج

تحليلالعمليات

قيود معينة

الفعالية االقتصاد

معاييراألداء

قيودمختلفة

قيودعامة

تحليل البرنامج

تطويرlالهيكلالتنظيمي

تحليلاألنظمة

تخطيطالهيكل

التنظيمي

او صناعي مشروع اي على المؤثرةالعوامل اقتصادي

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العالمية األزمة من يتضرر النفطي القطاع

المحلي الناتج إجمالي نموالحقيقي

السنوي؛) %( التغير

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009متوقعة

2010متوقعة

العالم

المتقدمة االقتصادات

النفطي المحلي الناتج إجماليللنفط المصدرة البلدان في

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U.S. Energy Consumption

Source: Annual Energy Outlook 2009. Energy Information Administration.

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U.S. Petroleum Trends

ال سعر ارتفاع نتيجة االقتصادية للتــأثيرات نفطأمــــثلة المتحدة الواليات في بأنواعها الطاقة علي النفقات إجمالي أن علمنا إلي يإذا مليار 500صل

منها سنويا تصيب 200دوالر التي الخسائر حجم متوقعا لصار الكهرباء قطاع علي دوالر ملياراألسعار تقلبات جراء األمريكي .االقتصاد

أكتوبر حرب خالل البترول أسعار ارتفاع لالقتصاد/ 40 ، 1973أدي خسارة إلي برميل، دوالر - بلغت – العام ذلك في دوالر 350األمريكي .مليار

( الماضية عام الثالثين خالل األسعار تغير قيمته( 2003 – 1973أما ما األمريكي االقتصاد كبد فقد ،مليار 7 يعادل آالف ما أي سنويا 233دوالر، دوالر .مليار

مليار دوالر حال ارتفاع سعر برميل البترول دوالرا واحدا 7.3الواليات المتحدة نحو دفع ت .فقط لمدة عــام