Pet Nutrition-Zadina 7.18.11

8/6/2019 Pet Nutrition-Zadina 7.18.11

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Pet Nutrition SeriesPet Nutrition Series

The Pet Food IndustryThe Pet Food Industry

Week 2 Week 2 What you need to know for What you need to know for

your pets sakeyour pets sake


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B rought to you byB rought to you byDr Chad ZadinaDr Chad Zadina

B SB S Animal Science Animal ScienceDVMDVM

CVMA CertifiedCVMA Certified Acupuncturist Acupuncturist

Ask Dr. Ask Dr. PawzPawz!!

www.askdrpawz.comwww.askdrpawz.com

Dr Donna Spector Dr Donna Spector B SB S Nutrition, DVMNutrition, DVMB oardB oard--certified Internalcertified Internal

Medicine SpecialistMedicine Specialist(DACVIM)(DACVIM)

((www.SpectorDVM.comwww.SpectorDVM.com ))

VeterinaryVeterinary Advisor Advisor


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W hat isW hat is really really in pet foodin pet food

Pictures on food bags and cans canPictures on food bags and cans canbe deceiving!be deceiving!

W holesome cuts of meatW holesome cuts of meat usuallyusuallyNOT the case!NOT the case!

Most pet foods use theMost pet foods use the poorest quality proteinpoorest quality protein ingredientsingredients leftovers from the meat, poultry and fishing industriesleftovers from the meat, poultry and fishing industries - - andandcarbohydrate or noncarbohydrate or non- -nutritivenutritive fillersfillers These ingredients keep protein levels high (not high quality) whileThese ingredients keep protein levels high (not high quality) while

keeping costs lowkeeping costs low Fillers are grains like corn and rice or things used to add bulkFillers are grains like corn and rice or things used to add bulk


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DefinitionsDefinitionsMeatMeat The muscles from slaughtered farm animals. Usually goes into human food marketThe muscles from slaughtered farm animals. Usually goes into human food market

B yB y--productsproducts The nonThe non--rendered clean parts (other than meat) from slaughtered farm animalsrendered clean parts (other than meat) from slaughtered farm animals

Includes lungs, spleen, kidneys, liver, brain, blood, bone, fatty tissue, stomach, intestinesIncludes lungs, spleen, kidneys, liver, brain, blood, bone, fatty tissue, stomach, intestines

Does not include hair, horns, teeth or hoovesDoes not include hair, horns, teeth or hoovesMealMeal Meat and tissues, exclusive of blood, hair, hooves, horns, hide trimmings, manure,Meat and tissues, exclusive of blood, hair, hooves, horns, hide trimmings, manure,

stomach and rumen contents that are cooked (rendered). After cooking, the driedstomach and rumen contents that are cooked (rendered). After cooking, the driedsolids are added as "meal" to pet foodsolids are added as "meal" to pet food

Meat B yMeat B y--product Mealproduct MealB yB y--products (defined above) that are cooked (rendered)products (defined above) that are cooked (rendered)

DigestDigest Material from animals which results from chemical breakdown of clean meat tissues or Material from animals which results from chemical breakdown of clean meat tissues or

byby--products ("parts" other than meat). This is often used to give a meat "flavor" to petproducts ("parts" other than meat). This is often used to give a meat "flavor" to petfoods that don't contain any real meatfoods that don't contain any real meat


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R enderingR endering

DefinitionDefinition An industrial process of extraction byAn industrial process of extraction by

melting that converts waste animal tissuemelting that converts waste animal tissue

into usable materials"into usable materials"

LeftoversLeftoversW aste of human food industry (restaurant grease,W aste of human food industry (restaurant grease,outout--of of--date supermarket meat,date supermarket meat, etc etc))"4D" livestock"4D" livestock animals (dead, dying, diseased, or disabled) are allowed in meat mealanimals (dead, dying, diseased, or disabled) are allowed in meat meal

Livestock carcasses and "leftovers" are placed into large vats, ground up andLivestock carcasses and "leftovers" are placed into large vats, ground up andcooked for several hourscooked for several hours

R endering separates fat, removes water, and kills infectious organismsR endering separates fat, removes water, and kills infectious organismsFat that is separated becomes "animal fat" for pet foodFat that is separated becomes "animal fat" for pet foodR emaining protein solids become "meal" or meat "byR emaining protein solids become "meal" or meat "by- -product meal" for pet foodproduct meal" for pet food


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R endered ProductsR endered Products A lways of questionable quality A lways of questionable quality

R aw ingredients used in rendering are leftovers of the meat, poultryR aw ingredients used in rendering are leftovers of the meat, poultryand fishing industriesand fishing industries variable quantity / qualityvariable quantity / quality

Temperatures used in rendering may alter / destroy natural enzymesTemperatures used in rendering may alter / destroy natural enzymesand proteinsand proteins

No standard testing done for product consistencyNo standard testing done for product consistency

Potentially wide variability in nutrient composition of the final productPotentially wide variability in nutrient composition of the final product(by(by--products, meals and digests) that ends up in pet foodproducts, meals and digests) that ends up in pet food

All rendered products are considered All rendered products are considered "unfit for human consumption"unfit for human consumptionbecause of the allowable ingredients (4D, etc.)because of the allowable ingredients (4D, etc.)

Suspect many adverse or allergic reactions are related to theSuspect many adverse or allergic reactions are related to the qualityqualityof these rendered proteinsof these rendered proteins


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Carbohydrate SourcesCarbohydrate SourcesF

illers F

illers Staples of an American dietStaples of an American diet but not healthful for pets in excess amountsbut not healthful for pets in excess amounts

Unfortunately, corn and rice are main ingredients in many pet foodsUnfortunately, corn and rice are main ingredients in many pet foods Cheap $$$ / meet basic nutritional recommendationsCheap $$$ / meet basic nutritional recommendations

Have aHave a high glycemic indexhigh glycemic indexR aise blood sugar levels rapidlyR aise blood sugar levels rapidly

Negative long term effects on metabolism and weight gainNegative long term effects on metabolism and weight gainCan cause symptoms of maldigestionCan cause symptoms of maldigestion

Gas, bloating, and diarrheaGas, bloating, and diarrhea Especially in cats (>35Especially in cats (>35- -40% carb diet)40% carb diet)Has led to industry Has led to industry- -wide creation of pet foods which are high in carbohydrates,wide creation of pet foods which are high in carbohydrates,relatively low in meat protein and are a major factor in the pet obesity epidemic! relatively low in meat protein and are a major factor in the pet obesity epidemic!


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Interpreting LabelsInterpreting LabelsW hat pet foods are truly high quality?W hat pet foods are truly high quality? Premium / Ultra Premium" / GourmetPremium / Ultra Premium" / Gourmet just gimmicks just gimmicks Natural and OrganicNatural and Organic

Pet foods labeled as "natural" are regulated (not in company name)Pet foods labeled as "natural" are regulated (not in company name) Ingredients ONLY from plant, animal or mined sourcesIngredients ONLY from plant, animal or mined sources Cannot be highly processed, contain chemically synthetic ingredientsCannot be highly processed, contain chemically synthetic ingredients

Pet foods labeled as organic are regulatedPet foods labeled as organic are regulated No conventional pesticides / artificial fertilizersNo conventional pesticides / artificial fertilizers No human / industrial waste contaminationNo human / industrial waste contamination No ionizing radiation or food additivesNo ionizing radiation or food additives Minimal antibiotics / growth hormones and healthy diet for food animalsMinimal antibiotics / growth hormones and healthy diet for food animals

R equires special certification / production standards to be organicR equires special certification / production standards to be organic"100% organic: 100%"100% organic: 100%"Organic: at least 95% organic"Organic: at least 95% organicMade with organic ingredients" : 70% organicMade with organic ingredients" : 70% organic


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W hat is in a name?W hat is in a name?S ometimes, not a lot! S ometimes, not a lot!

The food name is the first thing noticed by a consumer The food name is the first thing noticed by a consumer - -fancy names are used to emphasize certain features of afancy names are used to emphasize certain features of a

foodfood AAFCO has established four rules about ingredients: AAFCO has established four rules about ingredients: 95% rule95% rule 25% or "Dinner" rule25% or "Dinner" rule 3% or " W ith" rule3% or " W ith" rule "Flavor" rule"Flavor" rule


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95% rule95% rule ::

"Chicken for Dogs" must be 95% chicken"Chicken for Dogs" must be 95% chicken

"Chicken and R ice Dog Food; the chicken is the"Chicken and R ice Dog Food; the chicken is thecomponent that must be 95%component that must be 95%

"Chicken and Liver for Cats; the two together must"Chicken and Liver for Cats; the two together mustmake up 95% of the total weight and the firstmake up 95% of the total weight and the firstingredient must be in higher percent in the foodingredient must be in higher percent in the food


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225% or "Dinner" rule5% or "Dinner" rule ::

W hen a named protein is at least 25% but less than 95% of theW hen a named protein is at least 25% but less than 95% of thetotal weight, the name must include a descriptive term such astotal weight, the name must include a descriptive term such as"dinner""dinner"

Dinner", Entre", Grill", Platter", Formula" are all terms thatDinner", Entre", Grill", Platter", Formula" are all terms thatare used to describe this type of productare used to describe this type of product

For example, "Chicken Dinner Dog Food"For example, "Chicken Dinner Dog Food"Warning:Warning: these dinners can contain other meats withoutthese dinners can contain other meats withoutincluding it on the labelincluding it on the label


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3 % or "With" rule3 % or "With" rule ::

this one is tricky!this one is tricky! The "with" label identifies extra or special ingredientsThe "with" label identifies extra or special ingredients

"B eef Dinner for Dogs with Cheese" contains at least 25% beef and"B eef Dinner for Dogs with Cheese" contains at least 25% beef andat least 3% cheeseat least 3% cheese

B utB ut bewarebeware of this type of "with" label: "Dog Food with Chicken".of this type of "with" label: "Dog Food with Chicken".

This dog food need only contain 3% chicken!This dog food need only contain 3% chicken!

Don't confuse that with "Chicken Dog Food" which must containDon't confuse that with "Chicken Dog Food" which must contain95% chicken. Confusing!95% chicken. Confusing!


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"Flavor" rule"Flavor" rule ::

A specific percentage of meat is not required A specific percentage of meat is not required

The product must contain an amount of flavor The product must contain an amount of flavor sufficient to be detectedsufficient to be detected

For example, "Chicken Flavor Dog Food" may containFor example, "Chicken Flavor Dog Food" may containa digest or enough chicken fat to flavor the food, buta digest or enough chicken fat to flavor the food, butthere will bethere will be no actual chicken meat no actual chicken meat added to the foodadded to the food


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How to CompareHow to CompareDietsDiets

Dry Dry vsvs canned canned

W hich food has more protein?W hich food has more protein? Dry B rand XDry B rand X 28% (28% ( 10% moisture10% moisture )) Canned B rand YCanned B rand Y 6.4% (6.4% ( 84% moisture84% moisture ))

In order to directly compare foodsIn order to directly compare foods must do somust do soon a dry matter (DM) basison a dry matter (DM) basis AL W AYS!! ALW AYS!!

All foods list the amount of protein as fed All foods list the amount of protein as fed Must know how much moisture a food has in order toMust know how much moisture a food has in order to

calculate how much protein is on a dry matter (DM)calculate how much protein is on a dry matter (DM)basisbasis


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Dry Matter CalculationDry Matter CalculationFormula:Formula: 100100 -- % moisture = % of dry matter in food% moisture = % of dry matter in food % protein as fed / % dry matter in food x 100 = % of protein on DM% protein as fed / % dry matter in food x 100 = % of protein on DM

basisbasis

Example:Example:B rand X:B rand X:100100--10% moisture = 90% dry matter 10% moisture = 90% dry matter 28% protein as fed / 90% dry matter x 100 = 31% protein on DM basis28% protein as fed / 90% dry matter x 100 = 31% protein on DM basis

B rand Y:B rand Y:100100--84% moisture = 16% dry matter 84% moisture = 16% dry matter 6.4% protein as fed / 16% dry matter x 100 = 40% protein on DM basis6.4% protein as fed / 16% dry matter x 100 = 40% protein on DM basis

W hich diet has more protein?W hich diet has more protein? Dry B rand X: 28% as fed /Dry B rand X: 28% as fed / 31% protein DM31% protein DM Canned B rand Y: 6.4% as fed /Canned B rand Y: 6.4% as fed / 40% protein DM40% protein DM


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Name that Dog FoodName that Dog Food - -

Healthy or not?Healthy or not?INGRE DIENTSINGRE DIENTS

Ground yellow cornGround yellow corn, , chicken bychicken by--product mealproduct meal, , corn gluten mealcorn gluten meal, whole wheat, whole wheatflour,flour, animalanimal fatfat preservedpreserved with mixedwith mixed--tocopherolstocopherols (form of Vitamin E), rice flour,(form of Vitamin E), rice flour,beef beef, soy flour,, soy flour, sugar sugar, , propylene glycolpropylene glycol, , meat and bone mealmeat and bone meal, , tricalciumtricalciumphosphate, phosphoric acid,phosphate, phosphoric acid, saltsalt, water, animal digest,, water, animal digest, sorbicsorbic acid (aacid (apreservative), potassium chloride, dried carrots, dried peas, calcium propionatepreservative), potassium chloride, dried carrots, dried peas, calcium propionate(a preservative), L(a preservative), L- -LysineLysine monohydrochloridemonohydrochloride, choline chloride, choline chloride, added color ( R ed, added color ( R ed40, Yellow 5, Yellow 6, B lue 2)40, Yellow 5, Yellow 6, B lue 2), DL, DL--Methionine, Vitamin E supplement, zincMethionine, Vitamin E supplement, zincsulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, niacin, Vitamin A supplement,sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, niacin, Vitamin A supplement,calcium carbonate, copper sulfate, Vitamin Bcalcium carbonate, copper sulfate, Vitamin B --12 supplement, calcium12 supplement, calciumpantothenatepantothenate, thiamine, thiamine mononitratemononitrate, garlic oil, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, garlic oil, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin

supplement, Vitamin Dsupplement, Vitamin D- -3 supplement,3 supplement, menadionemenadione sodium bisulfite complexsodium bisulfite complex(source of Vitamin K activity), calcium iodate, folic acid, biotin, sodium selenite(source of Vitamin K activity), calcium iodate, folic acid, biotin, sodium selenite. .

Corn is first and third ingredientCorn is first and third ingredient Chicken byChicken by--product meal is second ingredientproduct meal is second ingredient More fillers with rice as the seventh ingredientMore fillers with rice as the seventh ingredient Does contain beef as the fifth ingredientDoes contain beef as the fifth ingredient some real meat!some real meat! No whole grains, contains artificial colorsNo whole grains, contains artificial colors


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Purina,Purina, Beneful Original Beneful Original

29% protein DM, 11% fat DM, 55% carbohydrates29% protein DM, 11% fat DM, 55% carbohydrates

Described as food to Described as food to keep your dog keep your dog

happy and healthy with a perfect balancehappy and healthy with a perfect balanceof of healthful ingredients, quality nutritionhealthful ingredients, quality nutritionand superb taste and superb taste


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Name that Dog FoodName that Dog Food

Healthy or Not?Healthy or Not?INGR EDIENTS:INGR EDIENTS:

Ground W hole Grain CornGround W hole Grain Corn, , Chicken B yChicken B y--Product MealProduct Meal, , Animal Fat Animal Fat(preserved with mixed(preserved with mixed tocopherolstocopherols and citric acid), Dried B eet Pulp,and citric acid), Dried B eet Pulp,

Soybean Oil, Dried Egg Product, Flaxseed, Potassium Chloride, IodizedSoybean Oil, Dried Egg Product, Flaxseed, Potassium Chloride, IodizedSalt, Choline Chloride, vitamins (LSalt, Choline Chloride, vitamins (L- -Ascorbyl Ascorbyl--22--Polyphosphate (source of Polyphosphate (source of vitamin C), Vitamin E Supplement, Niacin, Thiaminevitamin C), Vitamin E Supplement, Niacin, Thiamine MononitrateMononitrate, ,Vitamin A Supplement, CalciumVitamin A Supplement, Calcium PantothenatePantothenate, B iotin, Vitamin B 12, B iotin, Vitamin B 12Supplement, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, R iboflavin, Folic Acid, VitaminSupplement, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, R iboflavin, Folic Acid, VitaminD3 Supplement), Vitamin E Supplement, minerals (Ferrous Sulfate, ZincD3 Supplement), Vitamin E Supplement, minerals (Ferrous Sulfate, ZincOxide, Copper Sulfate,Oxide, Copper Sulfate, ManganousManganous Oxide, Calcium Iodate, SodiumOxide, Calcium Iodate, SodiumSelenite), preserved with MixedSelenite), preserved with Mixed TocopherolsTocopherols and Citric Acid, B etaand Citric Acid, B eta--Carotene, R osemary Extract.Carotene, R osemary Extract.

NO meat listedNO meat listed Corn as first ingredientCorn as first ingredient Chicken byChicken by--product meal as second ingredientproduct meal as second ingredient rendered meat proteinrendered meat protein


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Ad ult Ac tive, Hills S c ien c e DietAd ult Ac tive, Hills S c ien c e Diet Protein 29.8% DM, 27.2% fat DM, 35.4% carbohydrates DMProtein 29.8% DM, 27.2% fat DM, 35.4% carbohydrates DM

Described for Described for I f your dog lives life on fast forward or just I f your dog lives life on fast forward or just has trouble keeping weight on, Hill's S cience Diet has trouble keeping weight on, Hill's S cience Diet A dult A ctive dog food is packed with wonderful flavor, A dult A ctive dog food is packed with wonderful flavor,

calories, and nutrients. I t hascalories, and nutrients. I t has all the nutrition an activeall the nutrition an activedog requires to stay healthy and strong dog requires to stay healthy and strong . I t's the. I t's the perfect perfect choicechoice for sporting dogs, show dogs or finicky eaters for sporting dogs, show dogs or finicky eaters


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Pet Food IndustryPet Food IndustryN ot all badN ot all bad

Provide maintenance levels and even exceed manyProvide maintenance levels and even exceed many AAFCO nutritional requirements AAFCO nutritional requirements

The issue is oftenThe issue is often qualityquality not quantity of ingredientsnot quantity of ingredients Poor quality proteins / artificial dyes increase risk of adversePoor quality proteins / artificial dyes increase risk of adverse

reactionsreactions Poor quality proteinsPoor quality proteins less digestible than real meatless digestible than real meat Fillers have many undesirable metabolic effectsFillers have many undesirable metabolic effects

Many companies are starting to create foods for aMany companies are starting to create foods for amore discriminating pet owner more discriminating pet owner


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Pet Food IndustryPet Food IndustryN ot all badN ot all bad

Look for Look for organic or naturalorganic or natural foodsfoods

No artificial dyes, colorings, preservativesNo artificial dyes, colorings, preservatives

No fillersNo fillers look for alternative carbohydrate sources (sweetlook for alternative carbohydrate sources (sweetpotato, veggies)potato, veggies)

R eal MeatR eal Meat muscle meat, not meals or inferior bymuscle meat, not meals or inferior by- -productsproducts

R ecognizable ingredientsR ecognizable ingredients on the label and when you lookon the label and when you lookin the bag / canin the bag / can


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Ingredients to AvoidIngredients to AvoidI nferior I nferior byby--productsproductsMealsMeals all rendered productsall rendered productsFillersFillers corn, rice,corn, rice, etcetc

Artificial Flavors Artificial Flavors Examples: corn syrup, propylene glycol and MSGExamples: corn syrup, propylene glycol and MSG Used to disguise inferior food quality or give dampnessUsed to disguise inferior food quality or give dampnessand flexibility to semiand flexibility to semi- -moist foods and treatsmoist foods and treats

PreservativesPreservatives Examples: B HA, B HT, sodium nitrite and nitrateExamples: B HA, B HT, sodium nitrite and nitrate Many are carcinogens in humans and / or pets. Studies inadequate toMany are carcinogens in humans and / or pets. Studies inadequate to

understand long term consequences of intakeunderstand long term consequences of intake They limit the growth of bacteria or inhibit oxidation / spoiling of foodThey limit the growth of bacteria or inhibit oxidation / spoiling of food

Artificial colorings Artificial colorings Examples: FD & C B lue No. 1, FD &C R ed No. 40, FD & C Yellow No. 5Examples: FD & C B lue No. 1, FD &C R ed No. 40, FD & C Yellow No. 5 Used to entice owners into a purchaseUsed to entice owners into a purchase No nutritional valueNo nutritional value May be responsible for adverse or allergic reactionsMay be responsible for adverse or allergic reactions


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A Healthier Alternative A Healthier AlternativeIngredients:Ingredients: ChickenChicken Chicken B rothChicken B roth TurkeyTurkey Natural FlavorsNatural Flavors CarrageenanCarrageenan MineralsMinerals Guar GumGuar Gum Vitamins / MineralsVitamins / Minerals Choline ChlorideCholine Chloride Herring OilHerring Oil SaltSalt Potassium ChloridePotassium Chloride Sodium AscorbateSodium Ascorbate TaurineTaurine Sunflower OilSunflower Oil Sodium PhosphateSodium Phosphate

B eta CaroteneB eta Carotene


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EvoEvo 95% Chicken and Turkey Canned Dog Food95% Chicken and Turkey Canned Dog Food 41% protein DM, 49% fat DM, 3.7% carbohydrates41% protein DM, 49% fat DM, 3.7% carbohydrates

DMDM

Described asDescribed as M ore like what your pet would M ore like what your pet would have eaten in the wild, EVO, The A ncestral Diet,have eaten in the wild, EVO, The A ncestral Diet,

combines the advantages of grain free food withcombines the advantages of grain free food withthe benefits of protein rich nutrition in a domestic the benefits of protein rich nutrition in a domestic diet. EVO minimizes starch or carbohydratediet. EVO minimizes starch or carbohydrateintake while maximizing the concentration of intake while maximizing the concentration of

protein. protein.


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A Healthier Alternative A Healthier Alternative

IngredientsIngredients

Beef, Beef Liver, Beef Broth, Carrots, Green Beans, Celery,Beef, Beef Liver, Beef Broth, Carrots, Green Beans, Celery,Zucchini, Yellow S quash, Green Peas, M ustard Greens, Rolled Zucchini, Yellow S quash, Green Peas, M ustard Greens, Rolled Oats,Oats, DicalciumDicalcium Phosphate, Calcium Citrate, S weet Potatoes,Phosphate, Calcium Citrate, S weet Potatoes,Pumpkin, Guar Gum, S odium A scorbate, S ea S alt, PotassiumPumpkin, Guar Gum, S odium A scorbate, S ea S alt, PotassiumChloride, Garlic Powder, F laxseed Oil,Chloride, Garlic Powder, F laxseed Oil,M ineralsM inerals (I ron A mino A cid Chelate, Zinc A mino A cid Chelate,(I ron A mino A cid Chelate, Zinc A mino A cid Chelate,Cobalt A mino A cid Chelate, Copper A mino A cid Chelate,Cobalt A mino A cid Chelate, Copper A mino A cid Chelate,M anganese A mino A cid Chelate, S odium S elenite, PotassiumM anganese A mino A cid Chelate, S odium S elenite, PotassiumI odide),I odide),V itaminsV itamins ( Vitamin E, A , B1 2, D3 S upplements, Thiamine( Vitamin E, A , B1 2, D3 S upplements, ThiamineM ononitrateM ononitrate, Biotin, Riboflavin S upplement), Choline Chloride, Dried , Biotin, Riboflavin S upplement), Choline Chloride, Dried

KelpKelp


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Halo, Purely for PetsHalo, Purely for Pets S pots S tew Beef S pots S tew Beef

39.7% protein, 30.2% fat, 18% carbohydrates39.7% protein, 30.2% fat, 18% carbohydratesDescribed to have:Described to have:Highest quality protein: Whole meats and grains, freshHighest quality protein: Whole meats and grains, fresh

vegetablesvegetablesS uperb taste and digestibility S uperb taste and digestibility N o inferior by N o inferior by- -products, rendered meats or meals products, rendered meats or mealsF ormulated for F ormulated for optimum proteinoptimum protein and complete nutritionand complete nutrition


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Alternate food choices Alternate food choicesHomeHome--cooked foodscooked foods Excellent choiceExcellent choice if balanced and made properlyif balanced and made properly recommend workingrecommend working

with a veterinarian knowledgeable in diet formulation or a veterinarywith a veterinarian knowledgeable in diet formulation or a veterinarynutritionistnutritionist

Allows complete control over the quality and type of ingredients used Allows complete control over the quality and type of ingredients used

Ideal to avoid adverse food reactions or address true food allergiesIdeal to avoid adverse food reactions or address true food allergies Great for picky eatersGreat for picky eaters There are some combinations of medical conditions that commercialThere are some combinations of medical conditions that commercial

diets will be unable to addressdiets will be unable to addressViable alternative to prescription diets for most medical conditions.provideViable alternative to prescription diets for most medical conditions.providemuch higher quality ingredients than most prescription foodsmuch higher quality ingredients than most prescription foods

For complete and balanced foods for your pets basic needs or for For complete and balanced foods for your pets basic needs or for medical conditions schedule a consult with Dr. Donna at:medical conditions schedule a consult with Dr. Donna at:http://http://spectordvm.com/nutrition_cons_sched.htmspectordvm.com/nutrition_cons_sched.htm

HybridHybrid menumenu combinationcombination of homeof home--cooked and commercial foodcooked and commercial foodR aw foodsR aw foods controversialcontroversial


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The Future.The Future.

Economic climate is uncertain and petEconomic climate is uncertain and petowners are budgeting. Important educationalowners are budgeting. Important educationaltip:tip:

Proper nutrition can help eliminate problems withProper nutrition can help eliminate problems withallergies, intestinal disease, obesity, diabetesallergies, intestinal disease, obesity, diabetesand other food and other food- -related diseasesrelated diseases

A lthough A lthough excellent nutrition will cost more at theexcellent nutrition will cost more at thecheck check- -out line, it can save in veterinary billsout line, it can save in veterinary bills


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A few tips to help S A few tips to help S- -TT--RR --EE--TT--CC--H aH afood budgetfood budget

Don't overfee d a petDon't overfee d a pet .. Overfeeding is terrible for your pet's health and $$!Overfeeding is terrible for your pet's health and $$!Feed only what your pet requires each day. Use measuring cups to beFeed only what your pet requires each day. Use measuring cups to beexact.exact.

G ive spe c ial "treats".G ive spe c ial "treats". Cut down on food costs by feeding a little less petCut down on food costs by feeding a little less petfood and adding fresh steamed veggies for dogs or chopped meats for food and adding fresh steamed veggies for dogs or chopped meats for cats.cats.

Cut out unne c essary treatsCut out unne c essary treats .. Treats add up in cost and calories! ChooseTreats add up in cost and calories! Choosea natural treat or stick to a veggie or ice cube!a natural treat or stick to a veggie or ice cube!

Make your own foo d .Make your own foo d . There are many resources for There are many resources for properly balanced properly balanced homemade dog and cat foods.homemade dog and cat foods.

B e a d is c ount shopper!B e a d is c ount shopper! Look for sales and clip coupons when you can.Look for sales and clip coupons when you can.Try calling pet food companies and ask about special sales or promotionsTry calling pet food companies and ask about special sales or promotionsthat can help save $.that can help save $.


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R eferencesR eferences AAFCO.org AAFCO.org

AAFCO standards can also be found at AAFCO standards can also be found at Dogs:Dogs: http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=2+1659&aid=662http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=2+1659&aid=662 Cats:Cats: http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=1+2244&aid=657http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=1+2244&aid=657

Small Animal Clinical Nutrition, 4Small Animal Clinical Nutrition, 4 thth edition, Hand and Novotny 2002edition, Hand and Novotny 2002

Evo pet food information:Evo pet food information: www.naturapet.com/brands/ www.naturapet.com/brands/ evoevo .asp.asp

Halo pet food information:Halo pet food information: www.halopets.comwww.halopets.comScience Diet pet food information:Science Diet pet food information: www.hillspet.comwww.hillspet.com

Purina pet food information:Purina pet food information: www.beneful.comwww.beneful.com

Pet Nutrition-Zadina 7.18.11

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