Pet Nutrition-Zadina 7.11.11

8/6/2019 Pet Nutrition-Zadina 7.11.11

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Pet Nutrition SeriesPet Nutrition Series

Week 1Week 1Understanding nutrition andUnderstanding nutrition andwhat it means for your petwhat it means for your pet

Dr. Donna J. SpectorDr. Donna J. Spector

July 11, 2011July 11, 2011


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Brought to you byBrought to you by

Dr Chad ZadinaDr Chad Zadina

BS Animal ScienceBS Animal Science

DVMDVM

CVMA CertifiedCVMA Certified

AcupuncturistAcupuncturist

Ask Dr.Ask Dr. PawzPawz!!

www.askdrpawz.comwww.askdrpawz.com

Dr Donna SpectorDr Donna Spector

BS Nutrition, DVMBS Nutrition, DVM

BoardBoard--certified Internalcertified Internal

Medicine SpecialistMedicine Specialist(DACVIM)(DACVIM)

((www.SpectorDVM.comwww.SpectorDVM.com))

Veterinary AdvisorVeterinary Advisor


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Pet NutritionPet NutritionWeek 1:Week 1:

Nutrition requirements of petsNutrition requirements of pets MinimumsMinimums vsvs pet food standard recommendationspet food standard recommendations

vsvs idealsideals

Nutrition as a:Nutrition as a: Means of sustenance / maintenance of lifeMeans of sustenance / maintenance of life

Disease (obesity epidemic)Disease (obesity epidemic)

Way to prevent or treat diseaseWay to prevent or treat disease

Way to reach optimal healthWay to reach optimal health

Week 2:Week 2:

Understanding commercial pet nutritionUnderstanding commercial pet nutrition OptimalOptimal vsvs avoidable ingredientsavoidable ingredients

Deciphering labels / comparing pet foodsDeciphering labels / comparing pet foods

How to choose the best food for your petHow to choose the best food for your pet

Miscellaneous sources of nutritionMiscellaneous sources of nutrition Raw foods, homeRaw foods, home--cooked foods, hybridcooked foods, hybrid


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NutrientsNutrientsthe basicsthe basics

There are six major classes of nutrientsThere are six major classes of nutrients

Carbohydrates (including fiber)Carbohydrates (including fiber)

ProteinProtein FatFat

MineralsMinerals

VitaminsVitamins

WaterWater


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WaterWater

Water is vital to lifeWater is vital to lifethe most important nutrientthe most important nutrient Many critical functionsMany critical functionstransporting substances, all bodytransporting substances, all body

chemical reactions, control of body temperature and shapechemical reactions, control of body temperature and shape

Water is the largest component of the body (40Water is the largest component of the body (40--80%)80%)

Pets get water through food or actual drinkingPets get water through food or actual drinking

Requirement: about 30ml (1 ounce) per pound per dayRequirement: about 30ml (1 ounce) per pound per day

Average 30 pound dog needs 27 ounces!Average 30 pound dog needs 27 ounces!

Average 10 pound cat needs 9 ounces!Average 10 pound cat needs 9 ounces!

Animals eating canned foods will drink less than those fedAnimals eating canned foods will drink less than those fed

dry foods because of the high water content of moist foodsdry foods because of the high water content of moist foods(>75% water(>75% water))

Similar to people, pets often do not consume enough water for idealSimilar to people, pets often do not consume enough water for idealhealthhealth

Creative ways to increase water intake to prevent diseaseCreative ways to increase water intake to prevent disease


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Protein and FatProtein and Fat Proteins are made up of amino acids (AA)Proteins are made up of amino acids (AA)

Some AA are considered essentialSome AA are considered essential must be supplied in food ormust be supplied in food ordeficiency will occurdeficiency will occur

Function as structural components of body organs and tissuesFunction as structural components of body organs and tissues(muscle, ligaments, skin, hair, blood, etc.), enzymes, hormones(muscle, ligaments, skin, hair, blood, etc.), enzymes, hormonesand antibodiesand antibodies

Fat is necessary to pets as:Fat is necessary to pets as:

A source of energyA source of energy To help absorb crucial fatTo help absorb crucial fat--soluble vitaminssoluble vitamins

Fats provideFats provide Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs)Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs)

Part of many cells, tissues and organsPart of many cells, tissues and organs

Help combat inflammation and aging changesHelp combat inflammation and aging changes


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CarbohydratesCarbohydratesfor

Carnivor

esfor

Carnivor

es Confusion over whether pets really need carbohydratesConfusion over whether pets really need carbohydrates

Pets need glucose to provide the brain andPets need glucose to provide the brain and blood cellsblood cells with energywith energy Carbs are a ready source of glucose.but species differences!Carbs are a ready source of glucose.but species differences!

Cats areCats are OBLIGATE carnivoresOBLIGATE carnivoresrely solelyrely solely on meat for nutrients.on meat for nutrients. Make glucose from protein and do not have a carb requirementMake glucose from protein and do not have a carb requirement

Dogs areDogs are FACULTATIVE carnivoresFACULTATIVE carnivorescan readily use nutrientscan readily use nutrientsfrom meat and plant sourcesfrom meat and plant sources

Most commercial pet foods contain carbohydrates well in excess ofMost commercial pet foods contain carbohydrates well in excess ofglucose requirementsglucose requirements 3030--60% carbohydrates in most diets!60% carbohydrates in most diets! Has contributed to obesity epidemicHas contributed to obesity epidemic When >40% carbs are fed to catsWhen >40% carbs are fed to cats

Signs ofSigns of maldigestionmaldigestion occur = gas, bloating, diarrheaoccur = gas, bloating, diarrhea Adverse metabolic effects =Adverse metabolic effects = high blood sugar; prehigh blood sugar; pre--

diabetic statediabetic state


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Vitamins / MineralsVitamins / Minerals

Vitamins are essential in small amounts forVitamins are essential in small amounts fornormal body functionsnormal body functions The body does not make vitaminsThe body does not make vitamins must be supplemented in the food!must be supplemented in the food!

Deficiencies can easily occur:Deficiencies can easily occur:

Imbalanced homeImbalanced home--cooked or raw dietscooked or raw diets

Improper food storage can alter the availability of vitaminsImproper food storage can alter the availability of vitamins Diseases (e.g. kidney, intestinal) can affect vitamin requirementsDiseases (e.g. kidney, intestinal) can affect vitamin requirements

Also must avoid TOXICITYAlso must avoid TOXICITYtoo much of a good thingtoo much of a good thingnot betternot better

Minerals are commonly referred to asMinerals are commonly referred to as ashash

Absolutely necessary for normal life functionsAbsolutely necessary for normal life functions need proper amounts!need proper amounts! Availability varies widely in pet food:Availability varies widely in pet food:

MeatMeat--derived minerals are more availablederived minerals are more available than plantthan plant--derived mineralsderived minerals

Mineral should be chelated (bound) to proteinsMineral should be chelated (bound) to proteinsusually calledusually called proteinatesproteinatesor chelatesor chelatesfor best use by your petfor best use by your pet

Avoidance of ash is not recommended for cats with urinary issuesAvoidance of ash is not recommended for cats with urinary issuesoutdated recommendationoutdated recommendation


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Requirements of PetsRequirements of Pets

What nutrients do dogs and cats need and inWhat nutrients do dogs and cats need and inwhat quantities to support life?what quantities to support life? How about to reach optimal health levels?How about to reach optimal health levels?

What about for the treatment orWhat about for the treatment or

prevention of disease?prevention of disease?

AAFCOAAFCOTheTheAssociationofAssociationofAmericanFeed ControlOfficialsAmericanFeed ControlOfficialspublishes nutrient profiles forpublishes nutrient profiles for

dogs and catsdogs and cats


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AAFCO RecommendationsAAFCO Recommendations

AAFCO has published two nutrient profiles for dogs and catsAAFCO has published two nutrient profiles for dogs and cats Growth (for puppies or kittens) / ReproductionGrowth (for puppies or kittens) / Reproduction

Adult maintenanceAdult maintenance

Not minimumNot minimum requirements butrequirements but not necessarily optimalnot necessarily optimal levels eitherlevels either

Defined as: allowances adequate to meet the known nutrient needs ofDefined as: allowances adequate to meet the known nutrient needs ofALMOST ALLALMOST ALL HEALTHYHEALTHY dogs and catsdogs and cats

AAFCO standards include recommendations on protein, fat, vitamins, andAAFCO standards include recommendations on protein, fat, vitamins, andmineral content of foodsmineral content of foods

No carbohydrate recommendations are givenNo carbohydrate recommendations are given

Commercial pet foods must be labeled asCommercial pet foods must be labeled as complete andcomplete andbalancedbalancedand achieve this by:and achieve this by: Meeting these nutrient profiles orMeeting these nutrient profiles or

Passing a feeding trialPassing a feeding trialpreferredpreferred


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Dog Nutrient RequirementsDog Nutrient RequirementsDM = dry matter basisDM = dry matter basis

ME =ME = metabolizablemetabolizable energy i.e. % of calories coming from fat/protein/carbsenergy i.e. % of calories coming from fat/protein/carbs

MinimumsMinimums AAFCO recAAFCO rec OptimalOptimalProtein:Protein:

GrowthGrowth

Adult maintAdult maint

9.5% DM9.5% DM

6% DM6% DM

22% DM22% DM

18% DM18% DM

3535--50% ME50% ME

3535--50% ME50% ME

Fat:Fat:

GrowthGrowth


2% DM2% DM

1% DM1% DM

8% DM8% DM

5% DM5% DM

1010--30% ME30% ME

1010--30% ME30% ME

CarbsCarbs::

GrowthGrowth


2020--25% ME25% ME


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CatCat Nutrient RequirementsNutrient RequirementsDM = dry matter basisDM = dry matter basis

ME =ME = metabolizablemetabolizable energy i.e. % of calories coming from fat/protein/carbsenergy i.e. % of calories coming from fat/protein/carbs

MinimumsMinimums AAFCO recAAFCO rec OptimalOptimalProtein:Protein:

GrowthGrowth


24% DM24% DM

14% DM14% DM

30% DM30% DM

26% DM26% DM

3535--50% ME50% ME

3535--50% ME50% ME

Fat:Fat:

GrowthGrowth


2% DM2% DM

1% DM1% DM

9% DM9% DM

9% DM9% DM

1515--30% ME30% ME

1515--30% ME30% ME

CarbsCarbs::

GrowthGrowth


2020--25% ME25% ME


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SupplementsSupplementsThe path tooptimalhealthThe path tooptimalhealth

Naturalapproach to disease prevention / treatmentNaturalapproach to disease prevention / treatment

Pet foods are complete and balancedPet foods are complete and balancedwhy supplements?why supplements?

Supplements = insurance policySupplements = insurance policy

Processing / storing of food prior to purchaseProcessing / storing of food prior to purchase Food storage in the pet owners homeFood storage in the pet owners home

Vitamins andfatty acids are extremelyprone to degradationVitamins andfatty acids are extremelyprone to degradation

Food competition between petsFood competition between pets

Disease conditions resulting in insufficient intake / absorptionDisease conditions resulting in insufficient intake / absorption

Counteract / slow the aging processCounteract / slow the aging process


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Common QuestionsCommon Questions

Life stages, breed/species, basichealthLife stages, breed/species, basichealth

issuesissues Puppy food to Adult FoodPuppy food to Adult Food

When is it best to make this change?When is it best to make this change?

Large / Giant breed puppies and dogsLarge / Giant breed puppies and dogs Do they really need a special formula and why?Do they really need a special formula and why?

BreedBreed--specific or sizespecific or size--specific foodsspecific foodsare these reallyare these really

necessary?necessary?

Is dry food necessary for dental health?Is dry food necessary for dental health?

CatsCatscanned food or dry food? And why?canned food or dry food? And why?


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Common QuestionsCommon Questions

Medical IssuesMedical IssuesPrescription DietsPrescription Diets

Prescription dietsPrescription dietsare they necessary if my pet has:are they necessary if my pet has:

Intestinal problems?Intestinal problems? Diabetes?Diabetes?

Kidney problems?Kidney problems? Obesity?Obesity?

Bladder problems?Bladder problems? Heart problems?Heart problems?

Most likely there is a commercial, nonMost likely there is a commercial, non--prescription food that could beprescription food that could be

used in your pet with most medical conditionsused in your pet with most medical conditions

Especially if the condition is in the early stagesEspecially if the condition is in the early stages

Minor modifications may be necessaryMinor modifications may be necessaryhybrid menu of homehybrid menu of home--cooked andcooked and

commercial, addition of supplements, vitamins, antioxidants, etc.commercial, addition of supplements, vitamins, antioxidants, etc. Some of my specific recommendations for certain medical conditions can beSome of my specific recommendations for certain medical conditions can be

found at:found at: http://www.1800petmeds.com/pethttp://www.1800petmeds.com/pet--medmed--info/dietsinfo/diets--forfor--dogsdogs--

gastrointestinalgastrointestinal--disease.jspdisease.jsp

As the condition becomes more severe, a pet may feel better on aAs the condition becomes more severe, a pet may feel better on a

prescription diet or a homeprescription diet or a home--cooked diet balanced specifically for theircooked diet balanced specifically for their

needs.needs.


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EnergyEnergy

RequirementsRequirementsof Petsof Pets

Energy is measured asEnergy is measured as CALORIESCALORIES Calories needed/burned each day = resting energyCalories needed/burned each day = resting energy

requirement (RER)requirement (RER)

RER = 30 (BW in kg) + 70RER = 30 (BW in kg) + 70 Accurate if pet weighs between 2 and 45 kg (4 and 99Accurate if pet weighs between 2 and 45 kg (4 and 99

pounds)pounds)

To obtain kg weight, divide pet weight in pounds by 2.2To obtain kg weight, divide pet weight in pounds by 2.2

The RER is then adjusted according to pet activityThe RER is then adjusted according to pet activity


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Howmanycalories does yourdogneed?Howmanycalories does yourdogneed?

Canine Daily Calorie RequirementsCanine Daily Calorie Requirements

Neutered adult = 1.6 x RERNeutered adult = 1.6 x RER

Intact adult = 1.8 x RERIntact adult = 1.8 x RER

Obese prone = 1.2Obese prone = 1.2--1.4 x RER1.4 x RER Weight loss = 1.0 x RER at ideal weightWeight loss = 1.0 x RER at ideal weight

Weight gain = 1.2Weight gain = 1.2--1.4 x RER at ideal weight1.4 x RER at ideal weight

Light work = 2 x RERLight work = 2 x RER Moderate work = 3 x RERModerate work = 3 x RER

Heavy work = 4Heavy work = 4--8 x RER8 x RER


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Canine Daily Calorie RequirementsCanine Daily Calorie Requirements

SpecialLife StagesSpecialLife Stages GestationGestation

First 42 days = feed as intact adult (1.8 x RER)First 42 days = feed as intact adult (1.8 x RER)

Last 21 days = 3 x RERLast 21 days = 3 x RER

LactationLactation

Depends on the number of puppiesDepends on the number of puppies 33--8 x RER8 x RER

1 puppy = 3 x RER1 puppy = 3 x RER

2 puppies = 3.5 x RER2 puppies = 3.5 x RER

33--4 puppies = 4 x RER4 puppies = 4 x RER

55--6 puppies = 5 x RER6 puppies = 5 x RER

77--8 puppies = 5.5 x RER8 puppies = 5.5 x RER

9+ puppies = 6+ x RER9+ puppies = 6+ x RER

GrowthGrowth Weaning to 4 months old = 3 x RERWeaning to 4 months old = 3 x RER

4 months to adult size = 2 x RER4 months to adult size = 2 x RER


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Howmanycalories does yourHowmanycalories does yourcatcatneed?need?

Feline Daily Calorie RequirementsFeline Daily Calorie Requirements

Neutered adult = 1.2 x RERNeutered adult = 1.2 x RER

Intact adult = 1.4 x RERIntact adult = 1.4 x RER

Obese prone = 1.0 x RERObese prone = 1.0 x RER Weight loss = 0.8 x RER at ideal weightWeight loss = 0.8 x RER at ideal weight

Weight gain = 1.2Weight gain = 1.2--1.4 x RER at ideal weight1.4 x RER at ideal weight


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Feline Daily Calorie RequirementsFeline Daily Calorie Requirements

Speci

al

Lif

eS

tagesSp

eci

al

Lif

eS

tages GestationGestation At breeding = 1.6 x RERAt breeding = 1.6 x RER

Gradually increase to at birth = 2 x RERGradually increase to at birth = 2 x RER

LactationLactation Depends on the number of kittensDepends on the number of kittens

22--6 x RER6 x RER

Weeks 1Weeks 1--2 = RER +30% per kitten2 = RER +30% per kitten

Week 3 = RER + 45% per kittenWeek 3 = RER + 45% per kitten

Week 4 = RER + 55% per kittenWeek 4 = RER + 55% per kitten

Week 5 = RER + 65% per kittenWeek 5 = RER + 65% per kitten Week 6 = RER + 90% per kittenWeek 6 = RER + 90% per kitten

GrowthGrowth 2.5 x RER2.5 x RER


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Biggest nutrition problem in U.S.Biggest nutrition problem in U.S.

isis

OVERNUTRITION.OVERNUTRITION.

Fat CatsFat Cats

Pudgy PoochesPudgy Pooches


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Pet ObesityPet Obesity

Human obesity numbers are increasing every yearHuman obesity numbers are increasing every year 68% of Americans (68% of Americans (>>20 years old) are overweight or obese = 14820 years old) are overweight or obese = 148

million (2010 CDC)million (2010 CDC)

32% of Americans (32% of Americans (>>20 years old) are obese = 64 million20 years old) are obese = 64 million

Not surprising that pet obesity is now anNot surprising that pet obesity is now an epidemicepidemic Pets are increasingly viewed as members of the familyPets are increasingly viewed as members of the family

Accomplice to the couch potato lifestyleAccomplice to the couch potato lifestyle

DefinitionDefinition OverweightOverweight up to 19% over ideal body weightup to 19% over ideal body weight

ObeseObese 20% or more over ideal body weight20% or more over ideal body weight

Obesity is on the riseObesity is on the risefrom 2007 to 2010, the number offrom 2007 to 2010, the number ofoverweight cats is up 3% and dogs are up 10%overweight cats is up 3% and dogs are up 10%


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Pet ObesityPet Obesity

TheThe ALARMINGALARMING U.S. StatisticsU.S. Statistics

There are 77.5 million dogs and 93.6 million cats (171 million total) in U.S.There are 77.5 million dogs and 93.6 million cats (171 million total) in U.S.

54% (93 million) are classified as overweight or obese54% (93 million) are classified as overweight or obese

DOGSDOGS

55.6% of dogs are estimated to be overweight = 43 million dogs!55.6% of dogs are estimated to be overweight = 43 million dogs!

Obese: 20% = 16 millionObese: 20% = 16 million

CATSCATS

54% of cats are estimated to be overweight = 50 million cats!54% of cats are estimated to be overweight = 50 million cats!

Obese: 22% = 20 millionObese: 22% = 20 million

Older animals and small breed dogsOlder animals and small breed dogs are at higherare at higherrisk for being overweightrisk for being overweight

52.1% of dogs and 55% of cats >7 years old52.1% of dogs and 55% of cats >7 years old

Small breedsSmall breedsexerciseexercise--relatedrelated


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Risks of Pet ObesityRisks of Pet Obesity

Shorter life spanShorter life span2 recent compelling studies2 recent compelling studies Dogs at ideal weightDogs at ideal weight live 15% longer and with less diseaselive 15% longer and with less disease thanthan

dogs suffering from obesitydogs suffering from obesity

Cats when fed an ideal diet were less obese, had more leanCats when fed an ideal diet were less obese, had more leanbody mass and lived significantly longer than counterpartsbody mass and lived significantly longer than counterparts

OsteoarthritisOsteoarthritis

Type 2 DiabetesType 2 Diabetes

Respiratory disordersRespiratory disorders

Hypertension (high blood pressure)Hypertension (high blood pressure)

Heart diseaseHeart disease

Many forms ofMany forms ofcancercancer


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Responsibilities of Pet Owners toResponsibilities of Pet Owners to

help treat / prevent obesityhelp treat / prevent obesity

Top 10 AKC BreedsTop 10 AKC Breeds

Lab Retriever 55Lab Retriever 55--80 lbs.80 lbs. YorkshireYorkshire TerrierTerrier


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Responsibilities of Pet Owners to helpResponsibilities of Pet Owners to help

treat / prevent obesitytreat / prevent obesity Create a specific weight loss plan and goal with your veterinarian.andCreate a specific weight loss plan and goal with your veterinarian.and

stick to it!stick to it! Determine the calories your pet needs every day to reach their ideal weightDetermine the calories your pet needs every day to reach their ideal weight

Dont cheat!Dont cheat!

Change your feeding practicesChange your feeding practices It is not necessary to buy prescription diet food to achieve weight lossIt is not necessary to buy prescription diet food to achieve weight loss

Feed at least 2 meals each dayno free feedingFeed at least 2 meals each dayno free feeding

Treats are a huge source of hidden caloriesknow exactly what you areTreats are a huge source of hidden caloriesknow exactly what you arefeeding.feeding.

No more than 10% of daily calories as treats!No more than 10% of daily calories as treats!

Choose smart treats: low calorie, baked, high protein / low carbohydrate, functionalChoose smart treats: low calorie, baked, high protein / low carbohydrate, functional

Start an exercise programStart an exercise program Engage your pet for at least 10 minutes twice dailyEngage your pet for at least 10 minutes twice daily

Monitor progressMonitor progress Buy a scale or schedule weight checks with your vetBuy a scale or schedule weight checks with your vet

No more than 1No more than 1--2% of weight loss each week. Most pets lose the appropriate2% of weight loss each week. Most pets lose the appropriateamount of weight in 6amount of weight in 6--8 months8 months


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Evaluating Body WeightEvaluating Body Weight

Guidelines to determine if a pet is overweight/Guidelines to determine if a pet is overweight/obeseobese Difficult to feel ribs or spine under fatDifficult to feel ribs or spine under fat

Sagging stomachSagging stomach you can see or grab a handful ofyou can see or grab a handful offat!fat!

No tuck in the abdomen when viewed from the sideNo tuck in the abdomen when viewed from the side

Broad, flat backBroad, flat back

No waist when viewed from aboveNo waist when viewed from above

Body Condition ScoringBody Condition Scoringtwotwocommon systemscommon systems 11--5 system; 3 is ideal5 system; 3 is ideal

11--9 system; 4/5 is ideal *preferred9 system; 4/5 is ideal *preferred


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BCS (1BCS (1--9)9) -- dogsdogsBCS 1BCS 1

BCS 3BCS 3

BCS 5BCS 5

IdealIdeal

BCS 7BCS 7

BCS 9BCS 9


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BCS (1BCS (1--9)9) -- catscats

BCS 3BCS 3

BCS 5BCS 5

IdealIdeal

BCS 7BCS 7

BCS 9BCS 9

BCS 1BCS 1


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Responsibilities of Veterinarians andResponsibilities of Veterinarians and

Animal Professionals to help treat /Animal Professionals to help treat /

prevent obesityprevent obesity #1: Recognize the problem and take action#1: Recognize the problem and take action on your patientson your patients

behalfbehalftootoo many vets overestimate weightmany vets overestimate weight

Provide tools / resources to help owners:Provide tools / resources to help owners: Determine ideal body weightDetermine ideal body weight

Select appropriate diets / treatsSelect appropriate diets / treats

Determine appropriate feeding amount and monitor progressDetermine appropriate feeding amount and monitor progress Calculate calorie requirement needed for weight lossCalculate calorie requirement needed for weight loss

Schedule weight checkSchedule weight check--insins at least every 2 weeksat least every 2 weeks

Revise plan according to rate of weight lossRevise plan according to rate of weight loss at least 1at least 1--2% needed2% neededeach weekeach week

When pet reaches ideal weight, adjust calorie intake for healthyWhen pet reaches ideal weight, adjust calorie intake for healthy

weight maintenanceweight maintenance ccalculate at obese prone levelsalculate at obese prone levels


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Pet Obesity ProgramsPet Obesity ProgramsResources forPet OwnersResources forPet Owners

Association for Pet Obesity Prevention (APOP)Association for Pet Obesity Prevention (APOP) Mission is to develop / promote weight loss programs for petMission is to develop / promote weight loss programs for pet

owners to lose weight WITH their petsowners to lose weight WITH their pets

Informative, not associated with any veterinaryInformative, not associated with any veterinaryindustry / food productindustry / food product

www.petobesityprevention.comwww.petobesityprevention.com

Hills Pet Nutrition has teamed with AVMAHills Pet Nutrition has teamed with AVMA

to form theto form theAlliance for Healthier PetsAlliance for Healthier Pets 2008 Obesity Awareness and Prevention Kit2008 Obesity Awareness and Prevention Kit PetFitPetFit Challenge / TourChallenge / Tour

Website:Website: www.petfit.comwww.petfit.com


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Stay Tunednextweek!Stay Tunednextweek!

Pet Food IndustryPet Food Industry

Week 2Week 2What you need to knowforWhat you need to knowfor

yourpets sakeyourpets sake

Pet Nutrition-Zadina 7.11.11

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