PERU GENDER EN

Gend

er a

ppro

ach

appl

ied to

Inte

grat

ed S

olid

Wast

e Man

agem

ent i

n Pe

ruLe

sson

s lea

rned

and t

ools

for a

susta

inable

and i

nclus

ive de

velop

ment

GENDER APPROACH APPLIED TO INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN PERULessons learned and tools for a sustainable and inclusive development

DONORS

GENDER APPROACH APPLIED TO INTEGRATED SOLID W

ASTE M

ANAGEMENT IN PERU

Lessons learned and tools for a sustainable and inclusive development

Dis

eñ

o

Ab

ou

t t

his

do

cu

me

nt

:

Th

e UN

DP

and

UN

Enviro

nm

ent P

overty-Enviro

nm

ent In

itiative (PE

I) aims to

suppo

rt cou

ntries in

the

imp

lemen

tation

of p

olicies, in

strum

ents, p

lans an

d b

ud

gets that co

mb

ine resp

on

sible enviro

nm

ental

man

agemen

t and

po

verty redu

ction

to co

ntrib

ute to

sustain

able d

evelop

men

t. Th

e pro

gram also

co

ntrib

utes to

improvin

g capacities, at the n

ation

al and

local level, to

foster n

ation

al policies, plan

s and

budgets that are favorable to the poor, inclusive and gender sensitive and sustainable for natural resources. T

his document w

as prepared by the PE

I team in Latin A

merica and the C

aribbean to provide strategic and

discu

ssion

elemen

ts from

amo

ng th

e principal d

evelopm

ent stakeh

old

ers in th

e region

.

Copyright ©

20

18

, United

Nations D

evelopment

Programm

e (UN

DP) and the

United N

ations Environment

Programm

e (UN

Environment).

Dis

cla

ime

r

Th

e op

inio

ns exp

ressed in

this

publication are the authors' and do

not necessarily represent the views

of UN

DP

or UN

Environm

ent. A

ny men

tion

of a co

mp

any or

com

mercial pro

du

ct in th

is pub

li-cation d

oes not imply its end

orse-m

ent by eith

er organ

ization

.

Re

pr

od

uc

tio

n

Th

is

pu

blic

atio

n

ma

y

be

repro

du

ced in

wh

ole o

r in p

art, an

d in

any fo

rm, fo

r edu

cation

al o

r no

n-p

rofit p

urp

oses w

itho

ut

spe

cial p

erm

ission

from

the

cop

yright h

old

er, p

rovid

ed

the

sou

rce is cited.

Ma

in a

ut

ho

r

Laura G

on

zalez Martin

ez C

on

tr

ibu

to

rs

We w

ould like to thank the people w

ho were interview

ed for their time

and dedication and for providing va-lu

able co

ntrib

utio

ns an

d su

gges-tions for this docum

ent:

Alberto H

uiman C

ruz (Peru W

aste In

novatio

n)

Celia Sahuanay C

alsin (Municipality

of Arequipa, P

EI local team

)

Lisse

th D

íaz Varg

as (Min

istry o

f En

viron

me

nt, P

EI n

ation

al co

ord

inato

r 20

17

);

Lu

cia Balle

stero

s Barb

as (PE

I n

ation

al team) )

Piedad M

artin (PE

I Latin Am

erica and C

aribbean Region team

)

Pilar R

om

án (P

EI Latin

Am

erica an

d C

aribb

ean R

egion

team)

Ph

ot

og

ra

ph

y

Sally Jabiel

GENDER APPROACH APPLIED TO INTEGRATED SOLID W

ASTE M

ANAGEMENT IN PERU

Lessons learned and tools for a sustainable and inclusive development

3. LIMITATIONS AND OBSTACLES THAT W

OMEN FACE IN THE RECYCLING SECTOR

4. ANALYSIS OF THE LESSONS LEARNED

7. BIBLIOGRAPHY

5. OPPORTUNITIES TO REPLICATE THE EXPERIENCE

6. TOOLBOX

1. INTRODUCTION

2. METHODOLOGY OF THE SYSTEMATIZATION

CONTENTS

6

ACRONYMS

CAM

Mu

nicipal E

nviron

men

tal Co

mm

ission

MIDIS

Ministry of D

evelopment and Social Inclusion

MINAM

Min

istry of E

nviron

men

t

MINTRA

Ministry of Labor and E

mploym

ent

MIMP

Ministry of W

omen and V

ulnerable Populations

MPA

Provin

cial Mu

nicipality o

f Areq

uipa

PEI P

overty-Enviro

nm

ent In

itiative

PIGARS

Inte

grated

Plan

for th

e E

nviro

nm

en

tal

Man

agemen

t of So

lid W

aste

PLANRES

Na

tion

al

Inte

gra

ted

S

olid

W

aste

Man

agemen

t Plan

PSFyRS

So

urce S

ortin

g and

Selective C

ollectio

n

Pro

gram

QALI WARM

A Q

ali Warm

a Natio

nal S

cho

ol M

eal

Pro

gram

SDG

Sustain

able D

evelopm

ent G

oal

SIGERSOL

So

lid W

aste Man

agemen

t Info

rmatio

n

System

UNDP

Un

ited N

ation

s Develo

pmen

t Pro

gramm

e

UN ENVIRONMENT

U

nite

d N

ation

s En

viron

me

nt

Pro

gramm

e (form

erly UN

EP

)

UNV

Un

ited N

ation

s Vo

lun

teers

19

INTRODUCTIONP

eru is a co

un

try of great d

iversity and

com

plexity d

ue to

its mu

lti-e

thn

ic and

cultu

ral plu

rality and

the

variety o

f eco

system

s and

n

atural reso

urces. P

op

ulatio

n gro

wth

, un

sustain

able co

nsu

mp

tion

p

atterns, m

igratory p

rocesses an

d in

creasing u

rban

ization

are som

e o

f the facto

rs that h

ave led to

an in

crease in so

lid w

aste. Ho

wever,

this in

crease has n

ot b

een acco

mp

anied

by ad

equ

ate investm

ents

in co

llection

and

waste treatm

ent services, w

hich

has h

ad n

egative im

pacts o

n th

e enviro

nm

ent an

d th

e health

and

qu

ality of life o

f the

Peruvian population, especially those living in poverty and

vulnerability

and

wh

o m

ost n

eed o

pp

ortu

nities fo

r develo

pm

ent.

Preservation of the environm

ent and the responsible use of natural re-sources are fundam

ental conditions on the path to sustainable development

and among the challenges for P

eru's 20

30

Agenda. To this end, the integra-

ted and inclusive managem

ent of solid waste is understood as a valuable

opportunity for improving the quality of life in cities, through the fostering of

environmental and ecological aw

areness, and represents an important con-

tribution towards valuing, m

aking visible and regularizing the work of peo-

ple whose principal incom

e comes from

recycling.

INTRODUCTION4

65

71

23

10

In th

is con

text, the P

EI 1 in

itiative in P

eru em

erged w

ith th

e pro

ject Integrated Solid W

aste Managem

ent for Sustainable and Inclusive D

evelopment (2

01

3-2

01

7), co-executed by the M

inistry of Environm

ent (M

INA

M) an

d th

e Provin

cial Mu

nicipality o

f Areq

uipa (M

PA) w

ith th

e tech

nical assistan

ce of U

ND

P, UN

En

viron

men

t and

the tech

nical

sup

po

rt of U

nited

Natio

ns V

olu

nteers (U

NV

). Th

e pro

ject, aligned

w

ith th

e ho

listic and

inclu

sive vision

of th

e 20

30

Agen

da an

d aim

ed at

contributing to the 1

0 Sustainab

le Developm

ent Goals (See SD

G chart

in page 1

2), h

ad tw

o im

portan

t levels of in

terventio

n:

a.

Infl

uen

cing th

e policies, plan

s and

bu

dgets o

f the secto

r thro

ugh

the stren

gthen

ing

of in

stitutio

nal capacities;

b. A

pplying a m

od

el of w

aste sortin

g and

collectio

n in

the P

rovin

ce of A

requ

ipa

emph

asizing th

e empo

werm

ent o

f wo

men

recyclers and

the d

evelopm

ent o

f the

recycling m

arket.

Th

e project w

as created w

ith an

inn

ovative goal, in

tegrating so

cial inclu

sion

stra-

tegies, inclu

din

g poverty redu

ction

, the in

corpo

ration

of a gen

der appro

ach an

d

the pro

mo

tion

of yo

un

g people to

provide so

lutio

ns fo

r sustain

able an

d in

clusive

develo

pmen

t in cities.

The project has generated a considerable am

ount of material for analysis

and has developed excellent managem

ent tools that are transferable and

adaptable to other contexts with sim

ilar characteristics. T

he

ob

jec

tiv

e of th

is do

cum

ent is precisely to

extract the lesso

ns

learned

from

the applicatio

n o

f the gen

der appro

ach an

d pro

pose re-

com

men

datio

ns th

at can gu

ide an

d im

prove the w

ork o

f officials o

f di-

fferent M

inistries invo

lved in

similar actio

ns, recyclin

g associatio

ns,

representatives fro

m pu

blic an

d private in

stitutio

ns an

d o

ther peo

ple o

r organ

ization

s com

mitted

to su

stainab

le develo

pmen

t in P

eru. T

he

inco

rporatio

n o

f this appro

ach is a pio

neerin

g initiative in

the co

un

try, particu

larly with

in th

e mu

nicipality o

f Areq

uipa, w

here 8

5.8

% o

f recy-clers in the form

al sector are wom

en, of which 5

0%

are street recyclers. 2

1. T

he P

overty-Enviro

nm

ent In

itiative (PE

I) is a join

t program

of th

e Un

ited N

ation

s Develo

p-

men

t Pro

gramm

e (UN

DP

) and

the

2. P

IGA

RS 2

01

7-2

02

8

-

1213

INTRODUCTION4

65

71

23

Integrated

solid

waste m

anagem

ent w

ith a poverty

and

gend

er app

roach

, with

an em

ph

asis on

the

empow

erment of w

omen and

the developm

ent of a recycling m

arket model.

Th

e AQ

P R

ecicla pro

gramm

e recovers 2

55

T/year o

f m

etals, plastics, cardb

oard and

gives them a second

life.

The P

rovincial Solid Waste M

anagement P

lan of Arequipa

with a poverty and gender approach, relevant in 2

9 district

mu

nicip

alities with

a total o

f 1,0

32

,49

2 p

eop

le, was

elaborated

in participative way.

11 SUSTA

INA

BLE CITIES AN

D CO

MM

UN

ITIES

TARGET 6. Indicator 1

TARGET a. Indicator 1

Th

e elabo

ration

of th

e Gen

der an

d C

limate C

han

ge A

ction Plan, w

hich contemplates the solid

waste sector as

strategic, was supported

.Solid W

aste Managem

ent Information System

(SIGE

RSO

L) upd

ated w

ith social indicators.

Increased

empo

werm

ent an

d resilien

ce of th

e recyclers as a resu

lt of th

e coo

peration

of th

e Min

istry of W

om

en

thro

ugh

the W

om

en E

mergen

cy Cen

ters, wh

ich gave

support in relation to gender violence.

In Arequipa, 8

3%

of the recyclers associations have wom

en

in managem

ent positions.

20

4 recyclers (7

5%

wo

men

) from

18

associatio

ns h

ave im

proved their entrepreneurial, social and labour skills.

Th

e elabo

ration

of th

e Gen

der an

d C

limate C

han

ge A

ction Plan, w

hich contemplates the solid

waste sector as

strategic, was supported

.

Increase in decent employm

ent through the formalization

of recyclers in the associations' public registry (2

5 recyclers

in 2 associations)

As a resu

lt of n

ew co

llection

rou

tes, recyclers' inco

mes

incre

ase

d, a

llow

ing

the

m to

hav

e m

ore

tha

n th

e m

inim

um

wage.

The em

ission of 20

7 kg of C

O2

were avoid

ed by recycling

paper, plastic, metal and

glass in 20

16

by AQ

P R

ecicla.

13 CLIMATE ACTIO

N

5 GEN

DER EQ

UA

LITY

8 DECEN

T WO

RK AND

ECON

OM

IC GRO

WTH

10 REDU

CED IN

EQU

ALITIES

9 IND

USTRY, IN

NO

VATION

AND

INFRASTRU

CTURE

TARGET 1. Indicator 1TARGET 1. Indicator1




META 5c. Indicator c1

TARGET 5. Indicator 2TARGET 1. Indicator 1

.4TARGET 4. Indicator 1

TARGET 5A. Indicator a1

Fo

r recycling p

aper, glass an

d m

etal, 1,1

52

KE

/H o

f en

ergy is avoid

ed, an

d savin

gs of S/. 2

18

,93

8 p

er KW

H

not consumed

are attained.

PE

I has generated comm

unications materials and aw

areness raising cam

paigns to influence towards a recycling culture, and

considerably reduce the generation of w

aste.

12 RESPON

SIBLE CON

SUM

PTION

AN

D PRO

DU

CTION



20

8 vo

lun

teers mo

bilized

in d

ifferent activities (6

0%

w

omen and

40

% m

en). Aw

areness raised in 3

0 thousand

citizen

s in th

e Areq

uip

a pro

vince. P

olicy co

heren

ce at territorial and

sectoral level

Increase in recyclers' income as a result of the form

alization of associations and the developm

ent of business plans.S

tren

gthe

nin

g solid

waste

po

licy at the

natio

nal an

d

sub

-natio

nal le

vel w

ith so

cial inclu

sion

, ge

nd

er an

d

po

verty con

sideratio

ns.

Vaccination cam

paigns and access to social program

s for the com

munity of w

aste pickers have been supported

.

17 PARTN

ERSHIPS FO

R THE G

OA

LS1 N

O PO

VERTY

3 GO

OD

HEA

LTH A

ND

WELL-BEIN

G

TARGET 14TARGET 1 Indicator 1

TARGET 1B Indicator 1b

TARGET 3 Indicator 4

CONTRIBUTION OF THE PROJECT TO THE SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

15

METHODOLOGY OF THE SYSTEMATIZATION

2For the system

atization of the lessons learned and the analysis of the available tools on gender and solid w

aste managem

ent, a mixed m

ethod

was em

ployed that combines quantitative and qualitative data analysis

techniques. The follow

ing techniques were used:

1. D

ocu

men

t review, w

hich

inclu

ded

an an

alysis of th

e regu-

latory fram

ewo

rk for so

lid w

aste man

agemen

t in th

e cou

n-

try, pro

ject do

cum

ents an

d gu

ides, m

anu

als and

stud

ies on

"gend

er and

solid

waste," p

ub

lished

trainin

g material an

d

the system

atization

of th

e pro

ject, wh

ich served

as refe-

rences fo

r the in

corp

oratio

n o

f the so

cial and

gend

er di-

men

sion

in th

e pro

ject;

2. Sem

i-structu

red in

terviews w

ith key stakeh

old

ers wh

o par-

ticipated in

the pro

ject and

that, d

ue to

their ch

aracteristics,

roles, in

terests and

degrees o

f representativen

ess in th

e re-

gion

, played an

impo

rtant ro

le in th

e integratio

n o

f the gen

-

der appro

ach in

the d

ifferent d

imen

sion

s of th

e project.

14

65

72

3

METHODOLOGY DE

LA SISTEMATIZACIÓN

Encourage an environm

ent for the em

powerment of

women

Establishment

of associations

Representation and collective voice of wom

en

LawsPolicies

Th

e results o

f this an

alysis were classified

usin

g the fo

llow

ing fo

ur

dim

ensio

ns

3: no

rmative d

imen

sion

, organ

ization

al dim

ensio

n, m

arket d

imen

sion

and

participatory d

imen

sion

.

Normative dim

ension

Participatory dimension

Organizational dimension

Investment

Market dimension

3. h

ttp://w

ww

.pe.u

nd

p.o

rg/con

tent/p

eru/es/h

om

e/library/en

viron

men

t_energy/ap

ortan

-

do

-solu

cion

es-para-la-gestion

-integral-d

e-residu

os-so

lido

.htm

l

Dimensions to build an environm

ent that is favorable to the em

powerment of wom

en

16

3LIMITATIONS AND OBSTACLES THAT W

OMEN FACE IN THE RECYCLING SECTOR

19

Recyclers face a num

ber of difficulties with respect to w

aste treatment,

where the environm

ental and economic benefits for cities are not alw

ays valued. W

omen recyclers, as is the case in m

any other sectors, also face the additional lim

itation of encountering the reproduction of unequal gender relations at hom

e, place of work and in their respective com

munities.

Fro

m th

e review o

f differen

t guid

es and

stud

ies on

gend

er and

re-cyclin

g, at the glo

bal level, a n

um

ber o

f coin

cidin

g aspects can b

e seen

in th

e analysis o

f the lim

itation

s and

ob

stacles that w

om

en face in

this

sector w

ith respect to

men

:

1. W

om

en h

ave less access to h

igher valu

e4 recyclab

le material an

d ten

d to

wo

rk

fewer h

ou

rs than

men

becau

se of th

e add

ition

al tasks associated

with

do

mestic

and

family w

ork, w

hich

results in

a low

er daily w

ork in

com

e.

2. T

he d

istribu

tion

of activities is b

ased o

n a sexu

al divisio

n o

f labo

r. Statistically, it can

be seen

that a greater n

um

ber o

f wo

men

are involved

in th

e classification

process,

wh

ile there is a greater n

um

ber o

f men

collectin

g material fro

m th

e streets or fro

m

large waste pro

du

cers, thu

s solid

ifying fem

ale and

male stereo

types in th

e sector. 5

3. B

oth

wo

men

and

men

are exposed

to n

um

erou

s health

risks wh

en w

orkin

g with

waste an

d th

is lack of safety in

creases in in

form

al con

texts du

e to th

e un

healthy

con

ditio

ns in

wh

ich th

ey wo

rk. In th

ese situatio

ns, d

ifferent stu

dies h

ave sho

wn

that w

om

en are m

ore vu

lnerab

le, since th

ey do

no

t always h

ave access to b

a-

thro

om

s and

are mo

re exposed

to situ

ation

s of sexu

al harassm

ent an

d o

ther types

of vio

lence th

at may arise in

the n

egotiatio

n an

d acq

uisitio

n o

f waste

6, or sim

ply

du

e to th

e lack of safe pu

blic places.

4. W

om

en h

ave limited

access to d

ecision

-makin

g and

political participatio

n spaces.

Th

e causes lie in

patriarchal relatio

ns, a lack o

f kno

wled

ge and

skills or a lack o

f

self-con

fiden

ce or secu

rity. 7

4. D

ias y Fernan

dez, 2

01

2.

5. R

iofrío

y Cab

rera, 20

12

.

6. W

rigley-Assan

te, 20

13

.

7. M

uller y Sch

einb

erg, 20

07

.

12

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE RECYCLING SECTOR: A SNAPSHOT OF THE LIMITATIONS AND OBSTACLES THAT WOMEN FACE

46

57

3

(Association of Eco-efficient W

omen of C

ayma) 8 W

hen

Celia C

on

do

ri Qu

iroz w

as very yo

un

g, her fath

er sent h

er from

Pu

no

to A

requ

ipa, w

here sh

e attend

ed

school. She paid for prim

ary and second

ary school by working as an em

ployee in

a house. There, she w

as mistreated

until she was 1

8. O

ne year later, she becam

e a sin

gle mo

ther. "I w

ou

ld h

ave liked to

have go

ne to

un

iversity. No

w, m

y on

ly h

ope is fo

r my so

n."

Recyclin

g came as an

oppo

rtun

ity that, at first, sh

e did

no

t like. She w

orked

o

n an

d o

ff. After m

on

ths o

f com

ings an

d go

ings, sh

e becam

e interested

. "I saw

that I co

uld

no

t on

ly earn 1

0 so

les- I cou

ld earn

mo

re, bu

t it was po

orly m

ana-

ged. T

hat's th

e poin

t. Th

at's why I stayed

."C

elia has b

een presid

ent o

f an asso

ciation

of 1

1 fo

rmal recyclers fo

r a year an

d a h

alf no

w. O

f these "eco

-efficient w

om

en," o

nly 3

had

wo

rked recyclin

g the

garbage in

bags o

n th

e streets previou

sly. F

or C

elia, the co

achin

g wo

rksho

ps, o

rganized

with

the su

pp

ort o

f the P

o-

verty-Enviro

nm

ent In

itiative, were im

portan

t to u

nd

erstand

that "to

take steps fo

rward

you

have to

make a lo

t of ch

anges an

d yo

u h

ave to b

e dem

and

ing, o

f yo

urself as w

ell." No

w, as a fem

ale force, th

eir associatio

n h

as 2 m

ale mem

bers

as well, an

d th

ey collect b

etween

25

and

34

ton

s of w

aste to attain

an in

com

e of

80

0 to

90

0 so

les each, per m

on

th.

For so

me years n

ow

, Areq

uipa h

as been

celebratin

g the d

ay of th

e Peru

vian

recycler every year, thanks to the Poverty-E

nvironment Initiative. T

his day w

as a special celebration for C

elia because they interviewed her on a local radio station.

Th

e fact that peo

ple un

derstan

d h

er wo

rk and

that h

er son

feels prou

d, m

eans

her aspiratio

ns, o

n th

e day o

f the recycler, b

ecame a reality.

No

w C

elia shares a n

ew d

ream w

ith h

er partn

ers: "to gro

w as a co

mp

any." B

ut sh

e aspires to ach

ieve a little mo

re: "we see o

urselves sen

din

g con

tainers

of w

aste abro

ad."

LIFE STORY - CELIA CONDORI

8. h

ttps://pnu

dperu

.exposu

re.co/m

ujeres-d

el-reciclaje

20

423

ANALYSIS OF THE LESSONS LEARNED

Th

e inco

rporatio

n o

f the gen

der appro

ach is b

ased o

n th

e awaren

ess th

at ou

r beh

avioral m

od

els are infl

uen

ced b

y traditio

nal valu

es and

stereotypes w

ith respect to gender and, consequently, must be revised,

deco

nstru

cted an

d refo

rmu

lated, esp

ecially wh

en o

ther fo

rms o

f d

iscrimin

ation

are also invo

lved su

ch as eth

nicity, so

cial class, age or

sexual o

rientatio

n. Takin

g into

accou

nt th

ese differen

tiating variab

les, the P

EI project in P

eru created an intervention model that incorporates

the gen

der appro

ach, w

hich

integrates th

e differen

t oppo

rtun

ities and

in

ter-relation

ship

s amo

ng th

e stakeho

lders in

the so

lid w

aste value

chain

in o

rder to

provide gu

idan

ce for egalitarian

decisio

n m

aking fo

r th

e form

alization

and

prom

otio

n o

f "green em

ploymen

t."T

he reco

mm

end

ation

s in th

e do

cum

ent h

ave been

form

ulated

with

a view

to fu

rtherin

g learnin

g to b

e replicated in

similar in

itiatives and

, therefore, are d

irected to the d

ifferent participating government agen-

cies, UN

DP

and UN

Environm

ent and the recycler associations that are part o

f the pro

ject for fu

ture in

itiatives.

12


65

74

3

2524

1

LESSON 1: COHERENCE AND CONGRUENCE OF LAWS AND POLICY INSTRUMENTS WITH A FOCUS ON GENDER AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVEL T

he

pro

ject is in

no

vative b

y inco

rpo

rating, in

a trad

ition

ally techn

ical area, the d

imen

sion

s of so

cial in

clusio

n an

d gen

der in

laws, p

olicies an

d p

lans fo

r in

tegrated so

lid w

aste man

agemen

t at the n

ation

al an

d lo

cal level.

Th

e ob

jective is to create a favo

rable n

orm

ative-regulatory environm

ent for the solid waste sector

that in

corpo

rates the so

cial variables o

f poverty, gen

der an

d yo

uth

.

NORMATIVE DIMENSION

LIMITATIONS:

PROGRESS:

REGULATORY FRAMEW

ORK WITH A SOCIAL AND

GENDER APPROACH:

•

Th

e In

te

gr

at

ed

Pla

n fo

r t

he

En

vir

on

me

nt

al

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

o

f

So

lid

Wa

st

e

(PIG

AR

S)

of

th

e p

ro

vin

ce

of A

re

qu

ipa

20

17

-20

28

: based

o

n th

e kno

wled

ge from

the G

end

er An

alysis o

f pub

lic cleanin

g person

nel an

d recyclers, th

e A

requipa PIG

AR

S plan incorporates, for the first tim

e, po

verty and

gend

er variables, id

entifies

gaps in inequality and proposes mechanism

s for equality and equal access to opportunities in the w

aste man

agemen

t services offered

by each

m

un

icipality th

rou

gh th

e inclu

sion

of sp

ecific targets and

indicators. In ad

dition, it is the b

asis for generating key instrum

ents such as the Gu

ide

for

inc

or

po

ra

tin

g a

sp

ec

ts

of g

en

de

r, po

ve

rt

y

an

d g

re

en

em

plo

ym

en

t in

th

e M

un

icip

al S

olid

Wa

ste

Ma

na

ge

me

nt P

lan

s, the Re

co

rd

for

th

e

inc

or

po

ra

tio

n o

f so

cia

l as

pe

ct

s in

th

e d

ist

ric

t

wa

ste

ma

na

ge

me

nt p

lan

s and the questionnaires

for recyclers and cleaning personnel.

•

Inte

gr

ate

d s

olid

wa

ste

law

: During the process

of elaborating the proposed

law, the project, in

conjunction w

ith the various public institutions

involved, provided support for the drafting of an

article specifically indicating the gender and social in

clusio

n appro

ach an

d th

e prom

otio

n o

f local

employm

ent (chapter 3, article 5

3, legislative decree

No. 1

27

8 - published D

ecember, 2

01

6).

•T

he

re

vis

ion

of t

he

Na

tio

na

l Inte

gr

ate

d S

olid

Wa

ste

Ma

na

ge

me

nt P

lan

(PL

AN

RE

S 2

01

6-2

02

4)

add

resses not only purely technical components

for m

anagem

ent, b

ut also

aspects o

f po

verty re

du

ction

and

ge

nd

er, in

clud

ing

, amo

ng

its in

strum

ents an

d n

ation

al reference in

itiatives, the Law

on Eq

ual Opportunities for W

omen and

M

en, th

e Natio

nal G

end

er Eq

uality P

lan 2

01

2-

20

17

- PLA

NIG

and

the G

end

er and

Clim

ate C

han

ge Actio

n P

lan - M

IMP

- MIN

AM

.

RESISTANCE TO THE GENDER APPROACH: W

ith

Bill N

o. 97

6, in February of 2

01

7, the C

onstitution

and Regulation C

omm

ittee approved the withdraw

al of the paragraph on gender and social inclusion, in

response to a context in w

hich the congressional m

ajority questioned the foundations of the gender approach

and its

inclusion in

public policies,

not understanding it as the exercising of equal rights, responsibilities, opportunities and equal value of m

en

and wom

en. The current text specifically m

entions the sustainable approach, w

ithout mentioning a gender or

social approach.

LACK OF A SYSTEMATIC INCORPORATION OF THE

GENDER APPROACH: PLA

NR

ES is a d

ocu

men

t that

has in

clud

ed th

e gend

er app

roach

in an

app

reciable

man

ner an

d, d

espite th

e advan

ces and

efforts, th

is in

corp

oratio

n rem

ains o

nly in

the strategic axis

related to

the stren

gthen

ing o

f capacities an

d d

oes

no

t go b

eyon

d th

e axis of in

stitutio

nal d

evelop

men

t an

d th

e pro

mo

tion

of investm

ents

12

65

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3


2726

RECOMMENDATIONS AND STRATEGIES FOR ACTION:

LIMITATIONS:

KEY ISSUES THAT SHOULD BE DEVELOPED: Wh

ile th

e analysis o

f gend

er as an in

pu

t for elab

oratin

g P

IGA

RS is an

extraord

inary to

ol fo

r chan

ging so

lid

waste

man

agemen

t, b

y in

corp

oratin

g relevan

t asp

ects of gen

der at th

e level of o

ccup

ation

al h

ealth, train

ing an

d access to

social p

rogram

s, it d

id n

ot ad

equ

ately add

ress oth

er key elemen

ts for

the em

po

werm

ent o

f wo

men

recyclers and

pu

blic

cleanin

g perso

nn

el, such

as:

1.W

om

en's access to lo

ans o

r oth

er fo

rms o

f credit

2.U

npaid

do

mestic w

ork

3.T

he

impo

rtant

issue

of

violen

ce, b

oth

at ho

me, in

the w

orkplace an

d

in pu

blic spaces

4.T

heir

decisio

n-m

aking

pow

er in

th

e sector.

ADVOCACY ACTIONS AT THE POLITICAL LEVEL:

Although

the fram

ework

law

does not

include a

gender and

social inclusion approach, there are m

anagement

instruments at the national and local level that

do. The risks identified w

ith non-compliance

with this approach are relatively low

, as each

municipality

has the

technical autonom

y to

implem

ent solid

waste

managem

ent regulations w

ithin its jurisdiction. How

ever, it is essential to undertake advocacy actions at the political level to dissem

inate the gender approach and its im

pact on public policies w

ith the objective of modifying erroneous

conceptions of the term "gender."

EMPHASIS ON LOCAL CAPACITY BUIL-

DING: Given

the lack o

f similar p

rojects,

it is essential th

at initiatives su

ch as th

is o

ne m

aintain

their fo

cus o

n b

uild

ing lo

cal cap

acities so th

ey can co

ntin

ue to

pro

vide

specialized

sup

po

rt and

guid

ance o

n gen

-d

er. In th

is way, clear co

ord

inatio

n p

aths

are develo

ped

in a m

od

el articulated

from

th

e local to

the n

ation

al level.

STRENGTHEN GENDER

ANALYSIS to

serve

as an

in

pu

t fo

r d

evelop

ing

the

Pro

vincial So

lid W

aste Man

agemen

t Plan

s (P

IGA

RS), m

aking th

em m

ore co

nsisten

t an

d en

surin

g greater emp

ow

ermen

t of

wo

men

recyclers in th

e sector.

PROPOSE CONCRETE

ADVOCACY AC-

TIONS TO WIDELY DISSEM

INATE THE AREQUIPA M

ODEL so th

at it is ado

pted

by current and future elected officials (for exam

ple, dissemination of relevant m

ate-rials and guides, training of m

inistry techni-cal staff, m

eetings with new

national autho-rities, m

eetings with local officials follow

ing regional and m

unicipal elections).

12

65

74

3


2928

LESSON 2: PROMOTING INTER-INSTITUTIONAL COORDINATION ENSURES THE STRENGTHENING OF GENDER-FOCUSED POLICIES

2

LIMITATIONS:

PROGRESS:

Several sou

rces of in

form

ation

with

in th

e pro

ject fram

ework reveal certain deficiencies in term

s of inter-institutional coordination m

echanisms. T

his undermines

their efficien

cy, effectiveness an

d relevan

ce, bu

t if o

ne co

nsid

ers the large n

um

ber o

f stakeho

lders

involved, which adds som

e degree of complexity to the

intervention, and the innovative nature of the Arequipa

mo

del, o

ne can

no

t un

derstate th

e efforts m

ade to

coordinate approaches and strategies and construct a com

mon language am

ong the different ministries and

local authorities.

SUCCESSFUL EXAMPLES OF INTER-INSTITUTIONAL

COORDINATION: T

he coordination

established

between the M

inistry of Environm

ent (MIN

AM

) and

the Ministry of W

omen and V

ulnerable Populations

(MIM

P) added great value to the project. T

his was

the case with the im

proved technical validation of P

LAN

RE

S, the Gender and C

limate C

hange Plan,

and the strengthening of the gender question in the A

requipa project through training and legal counsel.

INTER-INSTITUTIONAL PROGRAM

S: E

ffective co

ord

inatio

n b

etween

the M

inistry o

f Enviro

nm

ent

and

th

e M

inistry

of

Eco

no

my

and

F

inan

ce h

as resu

lted

in

impo

rtant

initiatives,

such

as

the

Pro

gram

of

Incen

tives fo

r th

e Im

provemen

t o

f M

un

icipal Man

agemen

t, wh

ich aim

s to pro

mo

te th

e implem

entatio

n o

f an in

tegrated m

un

icipal solid

w

aste man

agemen

t system in

the m

un

icipalities of

majo

r type A an

d B

9 cities to

enco

urage m

un

icipalities to

generate a b

etter qu

ality of life fo

r the m

en an

d

wo

men

wh

o w

ork in

the recyclin

g sector.

9. T

here are 2

50

mu

nicipalities n

ationw

ide co

nsid

ered m

ain cities,

with

Areq

uipa catego

rized as Type A

.

LIMITED

ROLE OF

MIM

P: A

s a

collaborating

institution in this project and, ab

ove all, as the m

ain public ad

ministration reference in the area of

wom

en's rights, MIM

P's role in the project, and

more

specifically in the Areq

uipa project, should have

been reinforced

. Stronger ties betw

een MIN

AM

and

M

IMP

w

ould

have helped

to

position and

consolid

ate the innovative approach of the project, fostering a m

ore favorable environm

ent for similar

interventions in the future at the municipal level.

12

65

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3


31


DESIGN EFFECTIVE

COORDINATION STRATEGIES: E

nvironmental m

anagement

is cross-sectoral

and decentralized

and

the attainment of objectives and targets

is the

shared responsibility

of all

state institutions, as w

ell as the private sector and society as a w

hole, so it is essential that the governm

ent, In collaboration with the

other stakeholders,

design coordination

strategies in order to w

ork effectively and

in an coordinated manner.

A M

ORE EFFECTIVE

PRESENCE OF

MIM

P w

ou

ld h

elp to co

nso

lidate an

d

mo

nito

r th

e pro

cesses o

f ch

ange

in

progress,

especially at

the

local

level, an

d to

chan

nel th

em in

to o

ther lo

cal in

itiatives already u

nd

erway, provid

ing

con

tinu

ity of th

e project.

KEY FORUM

S OR

SPACES FOR

PARTICIPATION: Th

e An

nu

al Meetin

g for

the In

tegrated M

anagem

ent o

f Mu

nicipal

Solid

Waste sh

ou

ld in

clud

e the presen

ce o

f MIM

P an

d key stakeh

old

ers wh

o h

ave actively

prom

oted

a

social

inclu

sion

appro

ach to

generate appro

priation

and

fu

ture d

ecision

-makin

g.

12

65

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3


3332

LESSON 3: STRENGTHENING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND TOOLS FAVORABLE FOR AN INCLUSIVE APPROACH ENSURES INFORMED DECISION-MAKING

3PROGRESS:

LIMITATIONS:C

ontemplating the inclusion of social and econom

ic aspects in m

anagement system

s and tools has had

an im

pact on planning and at the managem

ent level o

f mu

nicip

alities. Th

is imp

lies recogn

ition

of th

e participation of w

omen, in equality w

ith men, in the body

of technical operations and provisions, comm

unity and

public policy provisions and their visibility as agents for local developm

ent.

UPDATING OF

INFORMATION

SYSTEMS:

Th

e pro

ject w

orked

to

su

ccessfully

upd

ate th

e SIG

ER

SOL

10

platform

, inco

rporatin

g, amo

ng o

ther

items,

data

disaggregated

by

sex fo

r selective

collectio

n services, street sw

eeping, tran

sportatio

n,

treatmen

t plants an

d fin

al dispo

sal.

MODEL TOOLS TO INCORPORATE SOCIAL ASPECTS:

Th

e file design

ed fo

r the in

corpo

ration

of so

cial aspects in

the P

IGA

RS A

ction

Plan

of A

requ

ipa is a to

ol th

at main

streams th

e gend

er focu

s in activities,

targets and

ind

icators an

d a m

od

el to b

e follo

wed

by o

ther m

un

icipalities.

10

. A so

lid w

aste info

rmatio

n system

shared

amo

ng m

un

icipalities. It

inclu

des enviro

nm

ental q

uality stan

dard

s to evalu

ate the pro

gress of

man

agemen

t, decisio

n m

aking an

d th

e associatio

n o

f volu

mes o

f waste

han

dled

and

person

nel d

edicated

to th

e tasks of sw

eeping, w

aste co-

llection

, transpo

rt and

final d

isposal.

INCLUDE IM

PROVEMENTS

IN THE

CURRENT INFORM

ATION SYSTEM: A

ltho

ugh

the u

pdatin

g of

the SIG

ER

SOL platfo

rm im

plies an im

portan

t and

n

ecessary chan

ge in th

e platform

for th

e analysis o

f in

form

ation

, the in

clud

ed field

s are insu

fficient, as

they m

ay no

t serve to id

entify situ

ation

s of in

equ

ality o

r may even

intro

du

ce biases w

hen

characterizin

g th

e reality of w

om

en an

d m

en in

the secto

r.

12

65

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35


STRENGTHEN THE COLLECTION OF DATA IN A FUTURE UPDATE OF SIGERSOL w

ith the inclusion of two or three gender

indicators related to the average working

hours of men and w

omen or the num

ber of people participating in gender training.

PREPARE A REPORT TO SUPPORT DE-CISION-M

AKING: Analyze the SIG

ER

SOL

information to convert it into a report that

reviews trends and includes possible stra-

tegies specifically aimed at prom

oting the em

ployment of w

omen. T

he National Ins-

titute of Statistics could be a strategic ally, given

its experience in

gend

er statistics.

IMPROVE

THE PIGARS

INDICATORS: T

he form for the incorporation of social

aspects in the PIG

AR

S Action P

lan should

review

some

indicators that

could be

disaggregated by sex and consider the feasibility of including an im

pact indicator able to m

easure changes resulting from

the training actions, for example.

12

65

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3736

A SOLID COMMITMENT TOWARDS FORMALIZATION, AT THE LOCAL LEVEL, ENCOURAGES THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ACCESSIBLE AND COMPETITIVE MARKET

4

Th

e ob

jective of th

is dim

ensio

n refers to

the

op

eration

of th

e differen

t organ

ization

al and

cap

acity bu

ildin

g mo

dalities o

f men

and

wo

men

recyclers, id

entifying and consolid

ating networks

and associations to d

evelop representation in the in

tegrated m

anagem

ent o

f solid

waste.

ORGANIZATIONAL DIMENSION

LESSON 4: PROGRESS:

LIMITATIONS:

The project has had an influence on the im

portance o

f valuin

g solid

waste w

ith an

inclu

sive app

roach

, recognizing the im

portance of recyclers in the recycling valu

e chain

, and

the fo

stering o

f form

al recycling

markets that prom

ote organizational improvem

ent, form

alization and sustainability in their operation. 11 T

he increasing form

alization of associations is a fundamental

axis for th

e develo

pmen

t of a m

ore accessib

le and

com

petitive recycling market.

11

. Th

e new

regulato

ry framew

ork d

etermin

es that lo

cal governm

ents

will b

e the regu

latory b

od

ies for th

e activities of recyclers w

ithin

their

jurisd

iction

, ado

pting an

inclu

sive approach

and

con

siderin

g them

as

part of th

e local m

anagem

ent system

, poten

tializing th

eir activities

thro

ugh

the elab

oratio

n o

f no

rms an

d estab

lishin

g that lo

cal govern-

men

ts keep a record

of th

e registration

of o

rganizatio

ns fo

r the gran

ting

of au

tho

rization

s and

certification

s, wh

ich sh

ou

ld also

serve as the b

asis

for access to

ben

efits (Recyclers Law

and

the N

ew LG

IRS R

egulatio

n).

FORMALIZATION

AS A

MEANS

OF ATTAINING

SECURITY: T

hrough the assistance provided by the project, the form

alization of 58

recyclers (88

%

wom

en and 12

% m

en), in five organizations, was

achieved. The prevalence of w

omen in the sector,

at the local level, reveals that this is a group that perceives

formalization

as a

means

of attaining

respect and security.

MONITORING AS AN EFFECTIVE STRATEGY: T

he coordination of the project has been able to develop an

extremely

useful dynam

ic for

monitoring

the processes of form

alization and the promotion of "green

em

ployment" of recyclers by integrating the application

of the gender approach in solid w

aste managem

ent instrum

ents and in the strengthening their capabilities.

CHALLENGES TO

ENSURING SUSTAINABILITY:

Formalization,

as m

entioned in

various program

docum

ents, is

a com

plex process,

given the

characteristics of the sector (turnover, informality and

volatile prices in the m

arket). Although the m

unicipality has a defined policy, the project has provided support for the financing of activities, the provision of equipm

ent and the effective m

onitoring of formalization and

training. T

he completion of the project does not ensure

the sustainability of some processes that are not yet

consolidated and there is the possibility that recyclers w

ill fall back into informality.

DepenDence on the political context: T

his typ

e of p

roject, w

ith a clear co

mp

on

ent fo

r stren

gthen

ing p

ub

lic po

licies, is associated

with

h

igh levels o

f dep

end

ence o

n th

e state and

the

po

litical situatio

n, w

hich

can lead

to ch

anges in

p

riorities an

d m

ay un

derm

ine th

e chan

ces of fi

rm

com

mitm

ents fro

m th

e State.

LACK OF

ALTERNATIVES FOR

THE ELDERLY

POPULATION: A

significan

t part of th

e recycling

labo

r force is ad

vanced

in age an

d, largely, th

ey are w

om

en. G

end

er analysis sh

ow

s that m

en an

d

wo

men

61

or o

lder acco

un

t for 2

2.3

% (8

.9%

men

and

1

3.4

% w

om

en) o

f the active recyclin

g labo

r force.

Similarly, 4

0.3

% (1

6.1

% m

en an

d 2

4.2

% w

om

en) o

f th

e stud

ied gro

up is 5

1 o

r old

er, an aspect th

at mu

st b

e taken in

to acco

un

t, bo

th in

terms o

f prod

uctive

perform

ance

and

w

hen

co

nsid

ering

schem

es to

provid

e pensio

ns, an

d fo

r oth

er types of so

cial assistan

ce or fo

r improvem

ents in

their activities to

im

prove their q

uality o

f life and

well-b

eing.

12

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39


ESTABLISH

INTER-IN

STITUTION

AL AGREEM

ENTS SPECIFICALLY AIM

ED AT IM

PROVING TH

E WORKIN

G CON-

DITIONS

OF RECYCLERS,

inclu

din

g m

en

and

w

om

en

of

advan

ced

age. E

xamp

les inclu

de:

•

Trainin

g and

censu

ses in co

nju

nctio

n

with

the M

inistry o

f Labo

r,•

Syn

ergy b

etween

so

cial pro

grams

such

as the Q

ali Warm

a program

of

the

Min

istry o

f D

evelopm

ent

and

So

cial Inclu

sion

, or Im

pulsa P

erú o

f th

e Min

istry of Lab

or,

•

Th

e provisio

n

of

suppo

rt an

d

guid

ance in

cases of gen

der vio

lence

in co

nju

nctio

n w

ith th

e Em

ergency

Cen

ters for W

om

en o

f the M

inistry o

f W

om

en an

d V

uln

erable P

opu

lation

s.

CREATE SPACES FOR DISCUSSION AND DEBATE:

Co

nsid

er the o

rganizatio

n o

f an

ann

ual even

t for recyclers to

prom

ote

a com

mo

n fo

rum

to d

iscuss an

d d

ebate

their ro

les as wo

rkers and

leaders in

their

coo

peratives and

associatio

ns.

STRENGTHEN THE

LINKS BETW

EEN RECYCLER ASSOCIATIONS AND REGIO-NAL NETW

ORKS IN THE SECTOR, such

as IR

R1

2 o

r WIE

GO

13 an

d o

thers th

at allo

w th

em to

participate in d

ebates at

the regio

nal an

d glo

bal level an

d sh

are experien

ces and

man

agemen

t and

lea-d

ership m

od

els.

FACILITATE ACCESS

TO SOCIAL

PROGRAMS fo

r recyclers to h

elp improve

their q

uality o

f life.

12

. IRR

, the "Regional Inclusive R

ecycling Initiative," was

created in 20

11

and is a regional platform for the coordi-

nation of actions, investments and know

ledge related to in-

clusive recycling, involving stakeholders from the public and

private sectors, social organizations and recyclers.

13

. WIE

GO

is a glob

al netw

ork fo

cused

on

securin

g the

liveliho

od

s of th

e wo

rking po

or, especially w

om

en, in

the

info

rmal eco

no

my.

12

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4140

LESSON 5: STRENGTHENING CAPACITIES FOR THE EMPOWERMENT OF RECYCLER AND CLEANING PERSONNEL ASSOCIATIONS PROMOTES GENDER EQUALITY

5

PROGRESS:

LIMITATIONS:C

apacity build

ing is one of the core components of

the project. The effort m

ade in the creation of new

train

ing m

aterials, the u

pdatin

g of gu

ides an

d th

e coordination betw

een different institutions has been

able to consolidate a very valuable body of knowledge

to strengthen the capacities of the authorities, public clean

ing p

erson

nel an

d recyclers fo

r solid

waste

managem

ent with a focus on equality.

PROGRESS BEYOND INDIVIDUAL EMPOW

ERMENT:

Th

e project, th

rou

gh its train

ing m

od

ule in

social skills

with

a gend

er focu

s for recyclers, w

hich

add

resses issu

es such

as family vio

lence, gen

der, ch

ildren

, self-esteem

, assertive com

mu

nicatio

n, so

cial skills and

in

ter-person

al relation

s and

teamw

ork, in

add

ition

to

leadersh

ip, bu

siness m

anagem

ent an

d co

nfl

ict reso

lutio

n train

ing, h

as man

aged to

develo

p no

t o

nly

ca

pa

cit

ies

fo

r

ind

ivid

ua

l e

mp

ow

er

me

nt,

bu

t it has also

been

expand

ed to

wid

er

an

d m

or

e

st

ru

ct

ur

al

lev

els

o

f p

olit

ica

l, e

co

no

mic

a

nd

sy

mb

olic

em

po

we

rm

en

t.

TRAINING IN GENDER INCLUSION FOR BOTH W

OMEN AND M

EN: W

hat u

sually h

app

ens in

gen

der train

ing is th

at the issu

es and

particip

ation

are

directed

exclu

sively to

ward

w

om

en,

no

t allo

win

g fo

r all

the

peo

ple

in

a co

mm

un

ity to

rein

force gen

der n

orm

s. On

e of th

e advan

tages of

this p

roject is th

at the train

ing h

as been

directed

to

bo

th m

en an

d w

om

en recyclers, th

us co

ntrib

utin

g to

social ch

ange b

y breakin

g free of th

e no

rms an

d

stereotyp

es emb

edd

ed in

society.

DIFFICULTIES IN

MEASU

RING TH

E IMPACTS OF

TRAININ

G: Desp

ite the evid

ence o

f ind

ividu

al and

co

llective emp

ow

ermen

t from

the testim

on

ies o

f som

e wo

men

recyclers and

pu

blic clean

ing

perso

nn

el in

terviewed

, cu

rrent

man

agemen

t in

strum

ents d

o n

ot h

ave ind

icators to

measu

re th

e im

pacts

of

these

trainin

g p

rogram

s in

eco

no

mic o

r po

litical sph

eres.

TRAINING MODULES THAT NEED A REVIEW

OF THE FOCUS: T

here are training tools, such as the modules

on leadership,

conflict

resolution, and

business m

anagement or, currently, the diplom

a for inclusive recycling for m

unicipal representatives coordinated

by the NG

O C

iudad Saludable [Healthy C

ity], which

require a review

in order to integrate more inclusive

language and reinforce the gender focus

12

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43


NEW INDICATORS TO M

EASURE THE RESULTS

OF TRAINING:

Inco

rporate

trainin

g im

pact in

dicato

rs in

th

e m

anagem

ent in

strum

ents, su

ch as th

e b

usin

esses generated

from

trainin

g or

access to d

ecision

-makin

g positio

ns.

USE LOCAL RESOURCES TO REINFORCE AND UPDATE THE CONTENT OF GUIDES, M

ODULES AND

TRAINING M

ATERIAL to

create a ho

mo

geneo

us m

od

el that is

con

sistent w

ith th

e aims o

f the in

tegrated

waste

man

agemen

t plan

s w

ithin

th

eir axis o

f capacity bu

ildin

g.

FINISH AND TEST THE GUIDE ON THE 7 THEM

ES OF THE EMERGENCY CENTER

FOR WOM

EN on

ho

w to

add

ress issues o

f vio

lence am

on

g wo

men

recyclers for u

se in

the so

cial areas of m

un

icipalities.

STRENGTHEN THE TRAINING PROGRAMS

FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP OF WOM

EN, especially older w

omen.

12

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4544

LESSON 6: CREATE A MORE ACCESSIBLE AND COMPETITIVE MARKET THAT ALSO INCLUDES WOMEN RECYCLERS

Th

e an

alysis of th

e in

teractio

ns b

etw

ee

n

recycler associatio

ns an

d th

e recycling m

arket, as w

ell as relation

s with

interm

ediaries an

d th

e com

mercialization of recyclab

le waste and

their w

orkin

g con

ditio

ns in

the valu

e chain

.

6

MARKET DIMENSION

PROGRESS:

LIMITATIONS:T

he project in Arequipa has undoubtedly contributed

to the construction of a fram

e of reference for the stakeholders that shape the recycling m

arket, creating specific opportunities for w

omen through affirm

ative actions and

empow

ering them to contrib

ute to the im

proved efficiency and competitiveness in the m

arket.

ANALYSIS AND

RESEARCH W

ITH A

GENDER FOCUS:

On

e of th

e action

s that h

as had

the

greatest im

pact

on

d

ecision

-makin

g w

as th

e d

evelop

men

t and

dissem

inatio

n o

f a st

ud

y o

n t

he

re

cy

clin

g

ma

rk

et

, w

hich

in

corp

orated

a

socio

-eco

no

mic b

aseline an

d gen

der an

alysis. Th

e stud

y ap

pro

priately co

nsid

ered a seco

nd

stage, focu

sed

on

the d

evelop

men

t of b

usin

ess ideas to

imp

rove

the q

uality o

f life of m

en an

d w

om

en recyclers, b

y m

aking th

e Sou

rce Sortin

g and

Selective Co

llection

P

rogram

(PSF

yRS) m

ore effi

cient an

d b

y detailin

g relevan

t asp

ects w

ith

respect

to

the

recycling

activity that allo

w to

for th

e futu

re main

tenan

ce of

dem

and

, sup

ply an

d th

e inco

me o

f the asso

ciation

s.

SAFE, EFFICIENT AND MORE PROFITABLE ROUTES:

Optim

ization

of Selective C

ollectio

n ro

utes o

f the

Areq

uipa R

ecicla Pro

gram (h

ou

seho

ld, co

mm

ercial an

d b

usin

ess rou

tes) has allo

wed

form

al recyclers to

wo

rk in a clean

er and

safer man

ner an

d im

prove th

eir inco

me, at th

e end

of th

e day, by savin

g time,

fuel an

d treatm

ent an

d fin

al dispo

sal costs.

AFFIRMATIVE ACTIONS THAT PROM

OTE EQUALITY: T

he G

uid

e to in

corpo

rate gend

er aspects in P

IGA

RS

inclu

des gen

der eq

uality criteria fo

r the h

iring o

f w

aste collecto

rs, drivers, h

elpers and

techn

icians,

in su

ch a w

ay as to provid

e equ

al oppo

rtun

ities for

wo

men

and

men

thro

ugh

affirmative actio

ns.

LACK OF STABLE CONDITIONS IN THE MARKET:

Stable

con

ditio

ns

have

still n

ot

been

created

th

at en

sure

that

form

al recyclers

earn

better

inco

mes, m

ake use o

f efficien

t rou

tes, and

that th

e p

op

ulatio

n co

llabo

rates mo

re pro

actively, and

has

greater access to so

cial pro

grams an

d lo

ng-term

in

centives are gen

erated.

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47


IMPROVE COORDINATION M

ECHANISMS:

Optim

ize the ro

le played by co

ord

inatin

g b

od

ies such

as the R

egion

al and

Mu

nici-

pal Enviro

nm

ental C

om

missio

ns an

d th

e Tech

nical G

rou

ps for So

lid W

aste (GT

RS)

to in

form

, stud

y and

propo

se suitab

le m

echan

isms to

improve th

e integrated

m

anagem

ent o

f solid

waste, su

ch as th

e Salu

d Salu

dab

le Initiative, to

create a ne-

two

rk of m

un

icipalities and

associatio

ns

of recyclers fo

r the sto

rage and

com

mer-

cialization

of reu

sable so

lid w

aste and

u

se of P

ET

plastic grind

ers.

STRENGTHEN LOCAL

LEADERSHIP THROUGH UNIVERSITIES AND EDUCA-TIONAL INSTITUTIONS th

at allow

for th

e creatio

n o

f a larger political an

d so

cial ad

vocacy n

etwo

rk and

that can

con

tinu

e co

ntrib

utin

g to th

e develo

pmen

t of in

no

-vative so

lutio

ns.

12

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4948

LESSON 7: PROMOTING INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RECYCLING INCREASES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES FOR RECYCLERS

7

PROGRESS:

LIMITATIONS:

Th

e techn

ical and

finan

cial assistance provid

ed by

the project for the preparation of business and local developm

ent plans in Arequipa, including sustainable

economic initiatives focused on the em

powerm

ent of w

omen recyclers, m

ade the strategy of applying the gender approach m

ore comprehensive. Furtherm

ore, it h

as been

a valuab

le force fo

r the articu

lation

of

the different sectors with respect to the problem

of integrated solid w

aste managem

ent, endeavoring to

implem

ent sustainable strategies for the improvem

ent of the quality of life of recyclers and the transition to

green em

ployment.

BUSINESS PLANS FORMULATED W

ITH A FOCUS ON

EQUALITY: T

he business

plans that

were

implem

ented to add value and increase the income of

men and w

omen recyclers

14

were developed taking

into account the different experiences and needs of m

en and wom

en by applying a gender approach.

SEARCH FOR

ALTERNATIVES THAT

PROVIDE ADDED VALUE: In

particular, th

e bu

siness plan

for

the pro

du

ction

of h

and

icrafts mad

e with

recycled

materials, an

econ

om

ic activity carried o

ut alm

ost

entirely

by w

om

en,

is an

o

ption

th

at provid

es ad

ded

value to

waste an

d allo

ws fo

r the co

ntin

uin

g d

evelopm

ent o

f a form

al recycling valu

e chain

.

GUIDANCE FOR

ASSOCIATIONS: In

clud

ed

in

ob

jective five of P

IGA

Rs (Su

stainab

ility Prin

ciple), as a G

reen E

mploym

ent co

mplian

ce activity, is: "the

establish

men

t of a co

ord

inated

process b

etween

th

e Mu

nicipal E

con

om

ic Develo

pmen

t Area an

d

the So

urce So

rting P

rogram

for th

e propo

sal of

new

bu

sinesses" so

that pro

fession

als in th

is area can

provide gu

idan

ce and

advice fo

r the d

ifferent

associatio

ns o

f recyclers.

14

. See th

e bu

siness p

lans in

the d

ocu

men

t Pro

vidin

g solu

tion

s for

the in

tegrated m

anagem

ent o

f solid

waste fo

r sustain

able an

d in

clu-

sive develo

pm

ent.

THE NEED TO STRENGTHEN RELATIONS WITH

FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

AND PRIVATE

COMPANIES:

Th

e pro

ject merely exp

lored

ways

to

strength

en

or

establish

lin

ks w

ith

fin

ancial

institu

tion

s and

/or p

rivate com

pan

ies to o

btain

lo

ans an

d investm

ents w

ith a gen

der p

erspective

for asso

ciation

s of recyclers.

RISK OF INADEQUATE INSTITUTIONAL MONITORING:

Again, w

ith the completion of the project, there is the

risk that certain business plans established under the project m

ay not be continued, or may be abandoned,

due to lack of institutional support or monitoring.

12

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51


PROMOTE

TRAINING ACTIONS

FOR FINANCIAL

INSTITUTIONS: on

the developm

ent of financial products and ser-vices that take into account gender issues.

ESTABLISH A

SPECIAL FUND

IN CONJUNCTION

WITH

PUBLIC AND

PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS

that adopts

measures for gender m

ainstreaming and

to ensure access to financial resources, for both for m

en and wom

en, dedicated

to facilitating access to credit for business activities, especially for older w

omen.

PROMOTE AFFIRM

ATIVE ACTIONS: Pro-

pose that

both national

and m

unicipal program

s, such as the one to modernize

municipal m

anagement (Law

No. 2

76

58

), include participation quotas for w

omen as

an affirmative action.

PROMOTE

GENDER-SENSITIVE LOAN

AND INVESTMENT POLICIES:

Develop

the capacity of associations of wom

en

recyclers to get involved and advocate gender-sensitive investm

ents and credit term

s for their economic em

powerm

ent.m

ujeres de edad avanzada.

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5352

LESSON 8: CREATING BROAD ALLIANCE NETWORKS AND AWARENESS-RAISING ACTIONS FOSTERS THE CULTURE OF INCLUSIVE RECYCLING

The project w

as able to initiate a process of change in

pu

blic attitu

des an

d b

ehavio

r con

cernin

g the

managem

ent of solid waste am

ong families, educational

institu

tion

s and

com

pan

ies with

the su

pp

ort o

f a m

ultidisciplinary team of U

nited Nations V

olunteers w

ith gender training.

15

. Th

e project pro

posed

this actio

n in

20

15

and

it has b

een carried

ou

t since th

en. Sim

ilarly, since 2

01

4, recyclers h

ave been

participating

in th

e parade in

the P

laza de A

rmas to

com

mem

orate th

e Day o

f the

Recycler an

d h

ave participated in

the raisin

g of th

e city flag.

LACK OF PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION: Th

e pro

ject co

uld

h

ave d

esigned

a

mo

re co

nscio

us

strategy to en

sure th

e involvem

ent o

f the private

sector in

the en

tire cycle of th

e Sou

rce Sortin

g and

Selective C

ollectio

n P

rogram

(PSF

yRS) in

terms o

f co

mm

un

ication

, dissem

inatio

n an

d w

aste sortin

g cam

paigns in

pub

lic and

private med

ia. Th

is way,

the private secto

r cou

ld h

ave been

part of th

is m

ulti-stakeh

old

er process an

d co

ntrib

uted

to th

e b

reakdo

wn

of stereo

typical gend

er roles an

d th

e so

cial stigma en

cou

ntered

in th

e sector.

THREATS TO THE CONTINUITY OF COMM

UNICATION ACTIONS: T

he completion of the project m

ay mean

that the continuity of com

munication and aw

areness actions w

ill not maintain the focus of social inclusion.

8

PARTICIPATORY DIMENSIONA

nalyze

the

role

s of th

e stake

ho

lde

rs in

the w

aste value ch

ain: th

e peo

ple th

at sort

waste, recycler asso

ciation

s, bu

sinesses, civil

society, u

niversities, po

licy makers (su

ch as th

e M

unicipal Environm

ental Com

missions) and the

Solid

Waste W

orkin

g Gro

ups

PROGRESS:

LIMITATIONS:

MUNICATION AND AW

ARENESS STRATEGIES BUILD SOCIAL AW

ARENESS: There has been a significant

amount and variety of aw

areness and comm

unication

material designed w

ith a gender approach: sector data disaggregated by sex, docum

entary videos of the project, portrayals of the situations of w

omen

and

men

through infographics

and accounts

of change due to w

omen. In this w

ay, an inclusive social conscience is contructed that breaks dow

n

stereotypes and offers an image of a w

orkforce in

which w

omen actively participate.

SYMBOLIC ACTIONS W

ITH GREAT TRANSFORMATIVE

POWER

, as an example, on W

omen's D

ay, in 20

16

the M

anagement for D

evelopment of the P

rovincial M

unicipality of Arequipa recognized the w

ork of w

omen recyclers, represented by D

orotea Chalco

G

aleano, president of the Nuevo M

undo Recyclers

Association, w

ho was aw

arded the honor of Illustrious W

oman by the city for her im

mense contribution to

environm

ental conservation1

5.

ACTIVE PARTICIPATION OF A WIDE VARIETY OF

STAKEHOLDERS: The project w

as able to attract the

interest and active participation of a wide netw

ork of

stakeholders that

play fundam

ental roles

in

environmental issues in the w

aste sector and poverty and gender area, from

ministries (including M

IMP

and its C

enter for Attention to W

oman and M

IDIS

and its Quali W

arma N

ational School Meal P

rogram)

to academia, civil society, recycler associations and

the private sector.

THE FUNDAM

ENTAL ROLE

OF VOLUNTEERS:

The

comm

itment

of volunteers

was

key, due

to

their dedication, empathy and sensitivity (w

omen

volunteers accounted for 8

0%

of the technical team).

This w

as fundamental to the success of the project.

12

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55


carry out a survey of house-holDs/institutions:

to

analyze

the

perception

s of n

eighb

ors, po

lice and

the

com

mu

nity w

ith respect to

the w

ork o

f recyclers. T

he o

bjective o

f this su

rvey w

ou

ld b

e to d

etermin

e action

s that co

n-

tribu

te to ch

angin

g the w

ay society per-

ceives recyclers.

DEFINE A STRATEGY FOR OBTAINING STRATEGIC: p

artners, w

hich

inclu

de th

e p

rivate secto

r, civil

society,

academ

ia an

d ed

ucatio

nal in

stitutio

ns an

d th

eir p

articipatio

n in

differen

t com

mu

nicatio

n

action

s with

an in

clusive ap

pro

ach.

12

65

74

3


57

The process presented in this docum

ent emerges as an innovative m

odel in the recycling value chain and has been consolidated as an initiative that operates w

ith key elements that endeavor to transform

social and power

relations through the development of regulatory schem

es that allow for

the development of an egalitarian, supportive and participatory m

arket that is in alignm

ent with the Sustainable D

evelopment G

oals (SDG

s). The

approach has focused on integrating social inclusion strategies such as poverty reduction, incorporating a gender approach and prom

oting youth

to provide solutions for sustainable and inclusive development in cities.

Th

e Areq

uipa experien

ce is the path

to a m

od

el that b

road

ens th

e kn

ow

ledge b

ase on

int

eg

ra

te

d s

olid

wa

st

e m

an

ag

em

en

t w

ith

a g

en

-

de

r fo

cu

s. T

he results and tools developed allow to continue developing

and

expand

ing a po

licy framew

ork fo

r integrated

solid

waste m

anage-

men

t at the n

ation

al level.T

he systematization of the lessons learned w

ith a gender approach

applied in its four dimensions show

s that this approach offers extremely

viable options for replication. The social and econom

ic advances that the project has generated constitutes a clear step forw

ard toward the revi-

talization of the recycling industry, the inclusion of recyclers in the solid

waste value chain and the generation of new

business opportunities, whi-

le also reducing environmental pollution. It has m

anaged to build an in-tervention m

odel that is transferable to other municipal contexts in P

eru, and other countries in the region.

5OPPORTUNITIES TO REPLICATE THE EXPERIENCE

34

62

75

1

OPPORTUNITIES TO REPLICATE THE EXPERIENCE

5859

•

Na

tio

na

l Pla

n fo

r In

te

gr

at

ed

So

lid W

as

te

Ma

na

ge

me

nt (P

LAN

RE

S 20

16

-20

24

), w

ith a fo

cus o

n red

ucin

g poverty as well as gen

der an

d yo

uth

. •

G

en

de

r a

nd

Clim

at

e C

ha

ng

e A

ct

ion

Pla

n (PA

GC

C).

•

Th

e In

for

ma

tio

n S

ys

te

m fo

r S

olid

Wa

st

e M

an

ag

em

en

t (SIG

ER

SOL), w

ith so

cial in

dicato

rs and

gend

er variables

•

En

vir

on

me

nta

l dia

gn

os

is and characterization study of P

ublic Cleaning Services.

•

Ge

nd

er d

iag

no

sis of public cleaning personnel and recyclers.

•

Tra

inin

g o

f re

cy

cle

rs (m

odules, courses and workshops)

•

Pla

n fo

r th

e In

teg

rate

d E

nv

iro

nm

en

tal M

an

ag

em

en

t of S

olid

Wa

ste

(PIG

AR

S) of the province of A

requipa 20

17

-20

28

, with a focus on inclusion and gender.

•

Gu

ide

for

inc

or

po

ra

tin

g a

sp

ec

ts

of g

en

de

r, poverty and green em

ployment in the

District P

lans fo

r Mu

nicipal So

lid W

aste Man

agemen

t•

F

orm

for th

e in

co

rp

ora

tion of social aspects in the district w

aste managem

ent plans•

Q

uestio

nn

aires for recyclers an

d clean

ing perso

nn

el•

G

uid

elin

es

for

th

e M

un

icip

al In

ce

nt

ive

Pr

og

ra

m

•

Gu

ide

for

Tr

ain

ing

Re

cy

cle

rs fo

r inclu

sion

in m

un

icipal form

alization

program

s

To

ols

for

int

eg

ra

te

d w

as

te

ma

na

ge

me

nt

wit

h p

ov

er

ty

, ge

nd

er

an

d y

ou

th

foc

us

Pilo

t e

xp

er

ien

ce

in t

he

mu

nic

ipa

lity

of A

re

qu

ipa

te

st

ed

an

d

ev

alu

at

ed

an

d w

ith

po

sit

ive

re

su

lts

Te

ch

nic

al g

uid

elin

es

for

so

lid w

as

te

ma

na

ge

me

nt

aim

ed

at

su

st

ain

ab

le a

nd

inc

lus

ive

de

ve

lop

me

nt

The model, due to its replicability, has the follow

ing favorable conditions:

The following elem

ents are necessary:

•

Po

litic

al w

ill: Sup

po

rt from

state offi

cials is key to en

surin

g the

mo

dern

ization

of so

lid w

aste man

agemen

t and

the im

provemen

t o

f pu

blic clean

ing services w

ith a so

cial and

inclu

sive app

roach

. C

urren

tly, the strategies an

d po

licies for so

lid w

aste man

agemen

t o

f the provin

cial mu

nicipality o

f Areq

uipa are fu

lly aligned

with

the

natio

nal p

riorities o

f the M

inistry o

f Enviro

nm

ent an

d th

ere are m

echan

isms in

place for in

stitutio

nal co

ord

inatio

n.

For this reason, it is essential that both the officials at the highest

level and the staff of the municipalities adopt a m

odel of equal oppor-tu

nity an

d in

corpo

rate it into

their m

anagem

ent in

dicato

r systems.

A system

that o

perates with

these in

tegrated variab

les is a decisi-

ve step forw

ard in

the im

plemen

tation

of pu

blic po

licies with

a gen-

der appro

ach in

an in

novative, su

stainab

le and

dem

ocratic m

ann

er an

d w

ill, over time, tran

sform

the provin

ces and

mu

nicipalities in

to

agents o

f chan

ge at the n

ation

al level.

•

A m

ult

idis

cip

lina

ry

te

ch

nic

al t

ea

m: It is fu

nd

amen

tal to h

ave a so

lid an

d co

hesive team

in th

e mu

nicip

ality, with

a high

level of

un

derstan

din

g of th

e situatio

n, w

ith th

e appropriate capacities to

estab

lish so

urce w

aste sortin

g and

selective collectio

n p

rogram

s (P

SFyR

S) that in

clud

e experts on

gend

er.

•

St

ra

te

gic

a

rt

icu

lat

ion

m

ec

ha

nis

ms

: a stro

ng

Mu

nicip

al

Enviro

nm

ental C

om

missio

n th

at favors participato

ry plann

ing an

d

mu

nicip

al integrated

waste m

anagem

ent p

olicies is essen

tial for

prom

otin

g dialo

gue am

on

g stakeho

lders, co

nsen

sus, in

ter-district

coo

rdin

ation

and

the participatio

n o

f organ

ized civil so

ciety.

•

Ar

tic

ula

tio

n w

ith

so

cia

l pr

og

ra

ms

: this facilitates th

e access of

recyclers to social programs, consid

ering they represent a segment

of th

e popu

lation

that lives in

, or is vu

lnerab

le to, extrem

e poverty.

•

Ac

ce

ss

to

cr

ed

it: a priority for the econom

ic empow

erment of this

sector is th

e effort to

con

nect w

ith th

e finan

cial sector an

d lin

k it to

the recyclin

g sector to

facilitate access to cred

it for asso

ciated

recyclers. Similarly, it w

ou

ld b

e advisab

le to h

ave credit lin

es that

address the needs of wom

en recyclers, who often have low

er incomes

and fewer bank guarantees.

"Formal jobs in the

recycling sector will stop being an aspiration by the tim

e there is a com

mitm

ent from every

individual and institution to recycling" Gregoria Cruz, Recycler, Asociación Recicla Vida

34

62

75

1

OPPORTUNITIES TO REPLICATE THE EXPERIENCE

61

6TOOLBOX

TO

OL

BO

X

Title

Descriptio

n

Gen

der an

d recyclin

g: Fro

m

theo

ry to actio

n. N

oteb

oo

k

1: T

heo

retical con

sideratio

ns

on gender, em

powerm

ent and

waste

Instruments to dissem

inate u

sefu

l practice

s for th

e p

roce

ss of e

nco

urag

ing

the gen

der m

ainstream

ing

pe

rspe

ctiv

e

in

soc

ial

pro

jects an

d, e

spe

cially, p

roje

cts with

wo

rkers in

th

e recycling secto

r.

Notebook 1

:

http://ww

w.w

iego.org/sites/d

efa

ult/file

s/reso

urce

s/file

s/D

ias

-Og

an

do

-G

e%

CC

%8

1n

er

o-y

-reciclaje-C

uaderno-1.pdf

Notebook 2

:

http://ww

w.w

iego.org/sites/d

efa

ult/file

s/reso

urce

s/file

s/D

ias

-Og

an

do

-G

e%

CC

%8

1n

er

o-y

-reciclaje-C

uaderno-2.pdf

Notebook 3

:

http://ww

w.w

iego.org/sites/d

efa

ult/file

s/reso

urce

s/file

s/

Dia

s-O

ga

nd

o-

Ge

%C

C%

81

ne

ro

-y-

reciclaje-Cuaderno-3

.pdf

Gen

der an

d recyclin

g: Fro

m

theo

ry to actio

n.

No

tebo

ok 2

: Pro

ject design

, to

ols an

d reco

mm

end

ation

s

Gen

der an

d recyclin

g: Fro

m

theo

ry to actio

n.

No

tebo

ok 3

: Referen

ce ma-

terials

34

51

27

6TOOLBOX

6263

Gen

der an

d R

ecycling: To

ols

to d

esign an

d im

plemen

t pro

jects

Th

is Gu

ide is d

esigned

to b

e used

for

the

elab

oratio

n o

f pro

jects fo

r the

form

alization

of recyclers an

d th

eir integration in the recycling value chain. W

ith the application of the tools in the G

uide, their needs can be identified and

add

ressed in

all phases o

f the pro

ject cycle in ord

er to promote the creation

an

d stren

gthen

ing o

f spaces fo

r the

equ

itable participatio

n o

f wo

men

and

m

en in decision-making processes and the

allocation of project responsibilities.

https://reciclajeinclusivo.org/wp-content/

uploads/20

14

/08

/irr-gneroyreciclajeherram

ientasparaeldiseoeimplem

entacindeproyectos-1

40

72

20

93

30

1-phpapp0

2.pdf

Deb

ate Man

ual: W

om

en

recyclers

Man

ual to

discu

ss the au

ton

om

y of

wom

en recyclers and the transformation

of their relations w

ith men.

http

://ww

w.w

ieg

o.o

rg/site

s/wie

go

.o

rg/file

s/reso

urce

s/files/m

uje

res-

recicladores-baja.pdf

Gu

ide to

inco

rporate aspects

of gen

der, poverty an

d green

em

ploymen

t in th

e District

Plan

s for M

un

icipal Solid

W

aste Man

agemen

t (PM

RS)

This tool estab

lishes the guidelines for

officials in the municipalities of A

requipa to successfully incorporate social, gender, poverty and green em

ployment aspects

in their District P

lans for Municipal Solid

W

aste Man

agemen

t (PM

RS) th

at are aligned w

ith PIG

AR

S of the Province of

Arequipa 2

01

7- 2

02

8

http

://ww

w.m

un

iare

qu

ipa

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b.p

e/

de

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MR

S.pd

f

File fo

r the in

corp

oratio

n o

f so

cial aspects in

the d

istrict w

aste managem

ent plans

From the incorporates social aspects in

the action plans (activities, targets and

indicators).

http

://ww

w.m

un

iare

qu

ipa

.go

b.p

e/

de

scargas/g

estio

nm

ane

jore

sidu

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20

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34

51

27

6TOOLBOX

65

BIBLIOGRAPHY

7B

ID (2

01

3). G

énero

y Reciclaje:

Herram

ientas para el d

iseño

e im

plemen

tación

de proyecto

s. W

ashin

gton

, DC

.C

on

greso d

e la Repú

blica (s/f) Ley

de Igu

aldad

de O

portu

nid

ades

entre m

ujeres y h

om

bres, Law

N

o. 2

89

83

, Lima, P

eru.

Decreto

Legislativo N

o. 1

27

9 en

el cu

al se aprueb

a la Ley de G

estión

In

tegral de R

esidu

os Só

lido

s. 6

07

47

2, N

orm

as Legales, De-

cemb

er 23

, 20

16

. El P

eruan

o.

E.G

reene, Margaret &

Levack, A

ndrew (2

01

0). Synchronizing

Gender Strategies. A

Cooperative

Model for Im

proving Reproducti-

ve Health and Transform

ing Gen-

der Relations. W

ashington, DC

.F

lorisb

ela do

s Santo

s, An

na Lú

cia an

d D

e Pau

li, Liliana (2

00

5). E

s-tu

dio

sob

re la cuestió

n d

e género

en

la gestión

de resid

uo

s sólid

os

urb

ano

s en el E

stado

de M

éxico.

Tlaln

epantla, M

éxico.

Go

biern

o d

el Perú

(20

17

). Info

rme

Nacio

nal V

olu

ntario

sob

re la im-

plemen

tación

de la A

gend

a 20

30

para el D

esarrollo

Sosten

ible.

MIM

P (2

01

2). P

lan N

acion

al de

Iguald

ad d

e Gén

ero (2

01

2-

20

17

). Lima, P

eru.

MIM

P (2

01

4). La tran

sversaliza-ció

n d

el enfo

qu

e de gén

ero en

las po

líticas y la gestión

púb

lica. Lim

a, Peru

.M

INA

M (2

01

5). P

lan d

e Acció

n en

G

énero

y Cam

bio

Clim

ático.

Lima, P

eru.

MIN

AM

(20

16

). Plan

Nacio

nal d

e G

estión

Integral d

e Resid

uo

s Só

lido

s (20

16

-20

14

). Lima, P

eru.

MIN

AM

, PE

I-PE

RU

and

UN

DP

(2

01

7). P

lan In

tegral de G

estión

d

e Resid

uo

s Sólid

os (P

IGA

RS

20

17

-20

28

) de la P

rovincia d

e A

requ

ipa.M

INA

M (2

01

7-2

02

7). P

lan N

a-cio

nal d

e Gestió

n In

tegral de

Resid

uo

s Sólid

os. Lim

a, Peru

.M

uller, M

aria S. and

An

ne Sch

ein-

berg (2

00

7). G

end

er and

Urb

an

Waste M

anagem

ent.

Reglam

ento

de Ley N

o. 2

94

19

qu

e regu

la la actividad

de lo

s Reci-

clado

res, decreto

suprem

o N

o.

00

5-2

01

0-M

INA

M. Ju

ly, 20

10

, E

l Peru

ano

.R

iofrío

, Gu

stavo an

d C

abrera,

Teresa (20

12

). Trabajad

oras po

r la C

iud

ad: A

porte d

e las mu

jeres a la gestió

n am

bien

tal de lo

s re-sid

uo

s sólid

os en

Am

érica Latina.

Lima, P

eru.

UN

DP

(20

12

). Waste P

ickers, a gen

dered

perspective.W

IEG

O (2

01

5). G

énero

y reciclaje: D

e la teoría a la acció

n. N

ote-

bo

ok 1

, 2 an

d 3

.W

rigley-Assan

te, Ch

arlotte (2

01

3).

Un

raveling th

e health

-related

challen

ges of w

om

en in

the

info

rmal eco

no

my: acco

un

ts of

wo

men

in cro

ss-bo

rder trad

ing

in A

ccra, Gh

ana.

34

15

26

7BIBLIOGRAPHY

Gend

er a

ppro

ach

appl

ied to

Inte

grat

ed S

olid

Wast

e Man

agem

ent i

n Pe

ruLe

sson

s lea

rned

and t

ools

for a

susta

inable

and i

nclus

ive de

velop

ment

GENDER APPROACH APPLIED TO INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN PERULessons learned and tools for a sustainable and inclusive development

DONORS

PERU GENDER EN

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