Personality Theories

• Freud’s Ideas: Psychodynamic Theory– Importance of early childhood– Conscious – – Subconscious –

Psychodynamic Theory (cont’d)

• Mind Divisions

• ID - biological drives • EGO –(Reality balance btwn ID/Superego • SUPEREGO- Strict moral standards

Psychodynamic Theory (cont’d)

• Defense Mechanisms***• Rationalization – • Denial – • Repression –• Projection –• Reaction Formation –

Psychodynamic Theory (cont’d)

• Defense Mechanisms (cont’d)• • Displacement –

• Sublimation –

Assessing personality

• Unconscious motivation – • Free Association – • Dream Interpretation –• Freudian Slips –

• Projective Tests – Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), The Roberts, The Rorschach– Pull for emotional information– Questionable reliability and validity

Rorschach example

Thematic Apperception Test

• (Here's the reply the teacher received the following day)

• Dear Mrs. Jones,• I wish to clarify that I am not now, nor have I ever been, an exotic dancer. • I work at Home Depot and I told my daughter how hectic it was last week before the blizzard hit. I told her we sold out every single

shovel we had, and then I found one more in the back room, and that several people were fighting over who would get it. Her picture doesn't show me dancing around a pole. It's supposed to depict me selling the last snow shovel we had at Home Depot.

• From now on I will remember to check her homework more thoroughly before she turns it in. • Sincerely,• Mrs. Smith

Humanism

• Phenomenology – your perception of the world, whether accurate or not, becomes your reality

• Holistic view –

• Self-Actualization – (Maslow’s hierarchy)

Humanism

• Self Theory – tendency towards Self-Actualization:

• • Self-Concept***

Real Self – based on actual experience, Ideal Self – based on hopes, wishes,

Humanism

• Positive Regard =

• Conditional – • Unconditional –

***Contrast with Conditioning principles???***

Humanism

• Cross-cultural applications• Mentoring programs –• Big Brothers/Big Sisters ->247-3720

• 1079 Main St. Durango)

• Remarkable achievements – resiliency from impoverished groups

Personality Theories – Part II

• Social-Cognitive Theory (Bandura)• Reciprocal Determinism B : P : E• Cognitive Factors***• Language Ability – • Observation – • Purposeful Behavior : • Self-Analysis :

Personal Factors

• Locus of Control –

• Internal – Self controls situations & rewards

• External: fate/others control situations/rewards

Personal Factors ***

• Delay of Gratification –

• Self-efficacy –

Environmental Factors***

• Social, political, family, community, & cultural factors which contribute to oppression versus opportunity

Five Factor Model (*OCEAN*) ***

• Openness – Novelty vs narrow • Conscientiousness – responsible vs. impulsive• Extraversion – outgoing vs. withdrawn• Agreeableness – warm vs. distant, cold• Neuroticism – stable vs. nervous, unstable

Five Factor Model (*OCEAN*)

• Person – Situation Interaction:

• Stability vs. Change –

• People report more change than really occurs

Quantum Change(research) pg. 470

• Sudden, radical shift –• Specific date & time –• Surprising intense though• High emotional • Possible negative life experience• Positive impact over time

Overview of Personality Theories

• Psychodynamic• Conscious / Unconscious• Id, Ego, Superego• Defense Mechanisms

• Free Association / Dream Interpretation• Projective Tests

Overview of Personality Theories

• Humanistic• Phenomenology• Holistic• Self-Actualization (Maslow’s Hierarchy)• Self Theory: Real vs. Ideal

Overview of Personality Theories

• Social- Cognitive Theory• Cog: Language, Observation, Purpose,

Self-Analysis• Personal: Locus of Control, Delay of

Gratification, Self-Efficacy• Environment (societal influence)

Overview of Personality Theories

• Trait Theory• 5-Factor (OCEAN)• Change vs. Stability• Person-Situation Interaction• Genetic component