Organizational Behavior and Human Resource ManagementBy,Shobhit Kumar YadavShruti GuptaShubham MehrotraShubham MisraShubhan TripathiSiddhant Khadke

Personality and Emotions Major TopicsMajor Personality Attributes Influencing OBThe 16 Personality Factor ModelMBTI (Myers-Briggs type indicator)The Big Five ModelRole of Emotions at the workplaceEmotional Intelligence

PersonalityAs said by Gordon Allport - The dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment

The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others, the measurable traits a person exhibits

Personality is helpful in hiring decisions

Major Personality Attributes 1. Core Self-Evaluation : People who have positive core self-evaluation like themselves and see themselves as effective, capable and in control of their environment Meanwhile, they will dislike, question their capabilities themselves if they have negative core self-evaluation.

There are 2 main kinds: a. Self-esteem : Individuals degree of liking or disliking themselves b. Locus of control : degree to which people believe they are masters of their own fate

Major Personality Attributes (cont..)2. Machiavellianism : People who are Pragmatic and maintain emotional distance. They believe that ends can justify means3. Narcissism : People who are arrogant, they require excessive admiration4. Self- Monitoring : People who show considerable adaptability in adjusting their behavior to external, situational factors5. Risk taking : People who have a tendency to engage in behaviors that have the potential to be harmful or dangerous, yet at the same time provide the opportunity for some kind of outcome that can be perceived as positive

Major Personality Attributes (cont..)6. Type A Personality : People who are aggressively involved in a chronic, incessant struggle to achieve more and more in less and less time, and ,if required to do so, against the opposing efforts of other things or other persons. 7. Proactive personality : People who actively take initiative to improve their current circumstances or create new ones. They identify opportunities, show initiative, take actions and persevere until meaningful change occurs.

The 16 Personality Factor Model

According to trait theory, human personality is composed of a number of broad traits or dispositions.

Raymond Cattell whittled these traits down to 16 personality factors, on which this model is based .

According to Cattell, each person contains all of these 16 traits to a certain degree, but they might be high in some traits and low in others.

Impersonal , Distant, cool, reserved , detached, formal, aloofWarmthOutgoing , Attentive to others, Easy going, Participating Concrete thinking, lower general mental capacity, less intelligent .Reasoning Abstract-thinking, more intelligent, bright, higher general mental capacity .Reactive emotionally, changeable, affected by feelings.Emotional StabilityEmotionally stable, adaptive, mature, faces reality calmly .Deferential, cooperative, avoids conflict, submissive.Dominance Dominant, forceful, assertive, aggressive, competitive .Serious, restrained, prudent, taciturn, introspective, silent .Liveliness Lively, animated, spontaneous, enthusiastic , cheerful .Expedient, nonconforming, disregards rules .Rule-Consciousness Dutiful, conscientious, conforming, moralistic, staid, rule bound .

Shy, threat-sensitive, timid, hesitant, intimidated .Social Boldness Socially bold, venturesome, thick skinned, uninhibited .Utilitarian, objective, unsentimental, tough minded, self-reliant, no-nonsense, rough .Sensitivity Sensitive, aesthetic, sentimental, tender minded, intuitive, refined .Trusting, unsuspecting, accepting, unconditional, easy .Vigilance Vigilant, suspicious, sceptical , distrustful, oppositional .Grounded, practical, prosaic, solution oriented, steady, conventional .Abstractedness Abstract, imaginative, absent minded, impractical, absorbed in ideas .Forthright, genuine, artless, open, guileless, naive, unpretentious, involved .Privateness Private, discreet, nondisclosing, shrewd, polished, worldly, astute, diplomatic .

Self-Assured, unworried, complacent, secure, free of guilt, confident, self-satisfied Apprehension Apprehensive, self doubting, worried, guilt prone, insecure, worrying, self blaming .Traditional, attached to familiar, conservative, respecting traditional ideas .Openness to Change Open to change, experimental, liberal, analytical, critical, free thinking, flexibility .Group-oriented, affiliative , a joiner and follower dependent .Self Reliance Self-reliant, solitary, resourceful, individualistic, self-sufficient .Tolerates disorder, unexacting, flexible, undisciplined, lax, self-conflict .Perfectionism Perfectionistic , organized, compulsive, self-disciplined, socially precise .Relaxed, placid, tranquil, torpid, patient, composed low drive .Tension Tense, high energy, impatient, driven, frustrated, over wrought, time driven.

MBTI (Myers-Briggs type indicator)Most widely used personality assessment tool in the world.It is a 100 question personality test.It taps four characteristics and classifies people into one of sixteen personality type.Respondents are classified as: Extravert or Introvert (E or I ) : An extraverted person is outgoing , assertive and sociable. Introverts are quiet and shy.

MBTI (cont..)Sensing or Intuitive (S or N) : Sensing types are practical and prefer routine and order. They focus on details. Intuitive rely on unconscious processes and look at the big picture. Thinking or Feeling (T or F). Thinking types use reason and logic to handle problems. Feeling types rely on their personal values and emotions.Judging or Perceiving (J or P). Judging types want control and prefer their world to be ordered and structured. Perceiving types are flexible and spontaneous

16 MBTI Types:

TypesCharacteristicsISTJQuiet, serious, earn success by thoroughness and dependability. Decide logically what should be done and work toward it steadily, regardless of distractions.ISFJCommitted and steady in meeting their obligations. Loyal, considerate, notice and remember specifics about people who are important to them. concerned with how others feelINFJSeek meaning and connection in ideas, relationships, and material possessions. Want to understand what motivates people and are insightful about othersINTJHave original minds and great drive for implementing their ideas and achieving their goals. When committed, organize a job and carry it through.

ISTPTolerant and flexible, quiet observers until a problem appears, then act quickly to find workable solutions. Interested in cause and effectvalue efficiency.ISFP Quiet, friendly, sensitive, and kind. Enjoy the present moment, whats going on around them. Loyal and committed to their values and to people who are important to them.INFPIdealistic, loyal to their values and to people who are important to them. Seek to understand people and to help them fulfill their potential.

INTPSeek to develop logical explanations for everything that interests them. Have unusual ability to focus in depth to solve problems in their area of interest.ESTPFlexible and tolerant.They take a pragmatic approach focused on immediate results learn best through doing.

ESFPEnjoy working with others to make things happen. Bring common sense and a realistic approach to their work, and make work fun.ENFPSpontaneous and flexible.Often rely on their ability to improvise and their verbal fluency.ENTPAdept at generating conceptual possibilities and then analyzing them strategically. Good at reading other people.ESTJPractical, realistic, matter-of-fact. Decisive, quickly move to implement decisions. Organize people to get things done.ESFJ Want harmony in their environment.Like to work with others to complete task in time.ENFJHighly attuned to the emotions, needs, and motivations of others. Find potential in everyone, want to help others fulfill their potential.ENTJAssume leadership readily.Develop and implement comprehensive systems to solve organizational problems

Uses of MBTIKnowing your personality type can help you with your career planning.MBTI is used in many organizations to understand individual differences and provide dynamic model for individual growth.Knowing your MBTI type and that of others can help you understand differences in relationships with friends, partners.

Big 5 Personality Traits

Openness to ExperienceConscientiousnessExtraversionAgreeablenessEmotional StabilityThe Big Five Factors

HighAverageLowHave broad interests. Creative, imaginative, curious & artistic.Practical. Seek balance between old and new.Traditional.Find comfort with familiar.Well organized, dependable. Strive to achieve goals.Moderately well organized. Generally have clear goals.Easy going, sometimes careless and unreliable.Prefers to be around people most of the time.Enjoy company of others but also value privacy.Introvert. Few friends.Compassionate, eager to cooperate and avoid conflicts.Generally agreeable. But can sometimes be stubborn.Disagreeable, Proud, cold, competitive.Stable, Calm, confident & secure.Generally calm, but sometimes develop guilt, anger, sadnessNervous, anxious, depressed, insecure.

Openness to ExperienceConscientiousnessExtraversionAgreeablenessEmotional StabilityHow Big Five Traits Influence OB

Big Five Trait

RelevanceEffectIncreased learningMore creativeMore flexibleTraining performanceEnhanced leadershipMore adaptable to changesGreater effortMore drive and disciplineBetter organizedHigher performanceLower levels of deviant behaviorBetter interpersonal skillsMore expressiveGreater social dominanceHigher performanceEnhanced leadershipHigher job satisfactionBetter likedMore compliant and conformingHigher performanceLower levels of deviant behaviorLess negative thinking and fewer negative emotionsLess hyper-vigilantHigher job & life satisfactionLower stress levels

Emotions While not universally accepted, there appear to be six basic emotionsAngerFearSadnessHappinessDisgustSurprise All other emotions are subsumed under these six

Role of Emotions at the WorkplaceSelection 1. Employers should consider EI- a factor in hiring employees, especially in jobs that demand a high degree of social interaction2. Now a days more employees starting to use EI measures to hire people.

Creativity1. Good moods tend to be more creative than people in bad moods.2. Positive moods are more flexible and open in their thinking which makes them more creative.3. But according to some researchers Positive people are more relax and not engage in the critical thinking necessary for some forms of creativity.

Role of Emotions at the Workplace(cont..)Decision Making Moods and Emotion have important effect on decision making.1. Positive Moods and Emotion a. Help decision making b. Enhance problem solving skills2. Negative Moods and Emotions a. Depressed make poorer decisions because those are slower at processing information b. Depressed people search for perfect solution which is not exists

Role of Emotions at the Workplace(cont..)Motivation1. Organizations that promote positive moods at work are more likely to have more motivated workers.2. The positive feed back to performer reinforces their positive mood, which make them perform even better.

Leadership1. When leaders feel exited, enthusiastic, and active, they may be more likely to energize their subordinates.2. Leaders convey a sense of efficacy, competence, optimism and enjoyment.

Role of Emotions at the Workplace(cont..)Negotiation1. Skilled negotiator has a poker face 2. It is a game of bluff and there is fantastic human emotion and tension, seeing who can bluff the longest.3. Negotiator who shows anger has an advantage over the opponent.

Customer Service A workers emotional state influences customer service, which influences levels of repeat business and level of customer satisfaction.

Emotional IntelligenceThere is an intelligence based on emotion.

People who have this capacity are less depressed, healthier, more enjoyable, and have better relationships

It is a form of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor ones own and others feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide ones thinking and action

Emotional Intelligence Cascading ModelTo perceive emotions in the self and others.

To understand the meaning of these emotions.

To regulate ones emotions accordingly in cascading model.

ConscientiousnessCognitiveEmotional Stability

Case for Emotional IntelligenceIntuitive AppealEI predicts Criteria that MatterEI is Biologically Based Case against Emotional IntelligenceEI Researchers do not agree on DefinitionsEI cant be measuredEI is nothing but personality with a different label

Self -awarenessSelf -managementSocial awarenessRelationship management

So Why is Emotional Intelligence Important? High EI individuals compared to those low on EI are:

Less aggressive

More empathic

Happier

Have fewer unauthorised absences and exclusions from school

Less depressed

Less stressed

Higher self-esteem

Less lonely

Better quality friendships and sexual relationships

QUIZ

What do you understand by EI?Why is EI important?What is Personality?How many questions are used in MBTI?Name any four traits in 16 Personality Model.Name any four major personality attributes.Give any two applications of role of emotions at Workplace?

Referenceshttp://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/documents/subjects/psychology/EmotionalIntelligenceOverviewLecture.pptwww.yale.edu/21c/documents/21C-EmotionalIntelligence.pptOrganizational Behaviour - 15h Edition - Stephen Robbins , Timothy A. Judge , Neharika Vohrahttp://www.referenceforbusiness.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotional_intelligence

*Looking now in more detail about EI and using a Four-Branch Model of EI (Boyatzis & Goleman, 2005), EI comprises four clusters of competencies that work together: our self-awareness underpins our self-management and social awareness, which in turn underpin our capabilities in relationship management our positive impact on others.

Therefore, each of the EI competencies is important. The competencies in the self-awareness cluster are particularly important as the foundation for developing and sustaining EI in the long-term.

Examples of competencies that may fall within each cluster:

Self-awareness: self-confidence, accurate self-assessment, emotional self-awarenessSocial awareness: empathy, responsiveness to others, organizational awarenessSelf-management: adaptability, emotional self-control, positive outlook, initiativeRelationship management: conflict management, inspirational leadership, influence, teamwork

*