Personality n Emotions

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ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORS T E P H E N P. R O B B I N SS T E P H E N P. R O B B I N S

E L E V E N T H E D I T I O NE L E V E N T H E D I T I O N

W W W . P R E N H A L L . C O M / R O B B I N SW W W . P R E N H A L L . C O M / R O B B I N S 2005 Prentice Hall Inc.All rights reserved.

2005 Prentice Hall Inc.All rights reserved.

PowerPoint Presentationby Charlie Cook

PowerPoint Presentationby Charlie Cook

Chapter 4Chapter 4

Personalityand Values

TWELFTH EDITION


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2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 41

What is Personality?

What is Personality?

Personality

The sum total of ways in which an individual reactsand interacts with others.

Personality Traits

Enduring characteristicsthat describe anindividuals behavior.

Personality

Determinants

Heredity

Environment

Situation

Personality

Determinants

Heredity

Environment

Situation


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The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Personality Types

Extroverted vs. Introverted (E or I)

Sensing vs. Intuitive (S or N)

Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F)

Judging vs. Perceiving (P or J)

Personality Types

Extroverted vs. Introverted (E or I)

Sensing vs. Intuitive (S or N)

Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F)

Judging vs. Perceiving (P or J)

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Apersonality test that taps four characteristics andclassifies people into 1 of 16 personality types.


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Myers-

BriggsSixteen

Primary

Traits

Myers-

BriggsSixteen

Primary

Traits


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Locus of Control

Locus of Control

Locus of Control

The degree to which people believe theyare masters of their own fate.

InternalsIndividuals who believe that theycontrol what happens to them.

Externals

Individuals who believe thatwhat happens to them iscontrolled by outside forcessuch as luck or chance.


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Self-Esteem and Self-Monitoring

Self-Esteem and Self-Monitoring

Self-Esteem (SE)

Individuals degree of likingor disliking themselves.

Self-Monitoring

Apersonality trait that measuresan individuals ability to adjusthis or her behavior to external,situational factors.


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Risk-TakingRisk-Taking

High Risk-taking Managers Make quicker decisions

Use less information to make decisions

Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial

organizations Low Risk-taking Managers

Are slower to make decisions

Require more information before making decisions

Exist in larger organizations with stable environments


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Personality TypesPersonality TypesType As

1. are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly;

2. feel impatientwiththe rate atwhich most events take place;

3. strive to think or do two or more things at once;

4. cannot cope withleisure time;

5. are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in

terms ofhow many orhow much of everything theyacquire.

Type Bs

1. never suffer from a sense oftime urgencywith its

accompanying impatience;

2. feel no need to display or discuss eithertheirachievementsoraccomplishments;

3. play for fun and relaxation, ratherthan to exhibittheir

superiorityatany cost;

4. can relaxwithout guilt.


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Personality TypesPersonality Types

Proactive Personality

Identifies opportunities,shows initiative, takesaction, and perseveresuntil meaningful changeoccurs.

Creates positive changein the environment,regardless or even inspite of constraints orobstacles.


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ValuesValues

Values

Basic convictions that a specificmode of conduct or end-state ofexistence is personally or socially

preferable to an opposite orconverse mode of conduct orend-state of existence.

Value System

Ahierarchy based on a rankingof an individuals values in termsof their intensity.


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Importance of ValuesImportance of Values

Provide understanding of the attitudes,

motivation, and behaviors of individuals and

cultures.

Influence our perception of the world around us.

Represent interpretations of right and wrong.

Imply that some behaviors or outcomes are

preferred over others.


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Types of Values - Rokeach Value SurveyTypes of Values - Rokeach Value Survey

Terminal Values

Desirable end-states ofexistence; the goals that aperson would like to achieve

during his or her lifetime.

Instrumental Values

Preferable modes of behavioror means of achieving onesterminal values.


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Values in

the

RokeachSurvey

Values in

the

RokeachSurvey

E X H I B I T 31E X H I B I T 31

Source: M. Rokeach, The Nature of Human

Values (New York: The Free Press, 1973).


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Values in

the

Rokeach

Survey(contd)

Values in

the

Rokeach

Survey(contd)

E X H I B I T 31 (contd)E X H I B I T 31 (contd)

Source: M. Rokeach, The Nature of Human

Values (New York: The Free Press, 1973).


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Mean Value Rankings of

Executives, Union

Members, and Activists

Mean Value Rankings of

Executives, Union

Members, and Activists


Source: Based on W. C. Frederick and J. Weber, The Values of

Corporate Managers and Their Critics: An Empirical Description and

Normative Implications, in W. C. Frederick and L. E. Preston (eds.)Business Ethics: Research Issues and Empirical Studies (Greenwich,

CT: JAI Press, 1990), pp. 12344.


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Values, Loyalty, and Ethical BehaviorValues, Loyalty, and Ethical Behavior

Ethical Climate inEthical Climate in

the r anizati nthe r anizati n

Ethical Climate inEthical Climate in

the r anizati nthe r anizati n

Ethical Values andEthical Values and

Behaviors of LeadersBehaviors of Leaders


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Hofstedes Framework for Assessing CulturesHofstedes Framework for Assessing Cultures

Power Distance

The extent to which a society accepts thatpower in institutions and organizations isdistributed unequally.

low distance: relatively equal distributionhigh distance: extremely unequal distribution


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Hofstedes Framework (contd)Hofstedes Framework (contd)

Collectivism

A tight social framework inwhich people expectothers in groups of which

they are a part to lookafter them and protectthem.

Individualism

The degree to whichpeople prefer to act asindividuals rather than

a member of groups.


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Achievement

The extent to which societalvalues are characterized by

assertiveness, materialism andcompetition.

Nurturing

The extent to which societalvalues emphasize relationshipsand concern for others.


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Uncertainty Avoidance

The extent to which a society feels threatened byuncertain and ambiguous situations and tries toavoid them.


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Long-term Orientation

Anational culture attributethat emphasizes the future,thrift, and persistence.

Short-term Orientation

Anational culture attribute that

emphasizes the past andpresent, respect for tradition,and fulfilling social obligations.


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Achieving Person-Job FitAchieving Person-Job Fit

Personality Types

Realistic

Investigative

Social

Conventional

Enterprising Artistic

Personality Types

Realistic

Investigative

Social

Conventional

Enterprising Artistic

Personality-Job FitTheory (Holland)

Identifies six personalitytypes and proposes that

the fit between personalitytype and occupationalenvironment determinessatisfaction and turnover.


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Hollands

Typology of

Personality

and

Congruent

Occupations

Hollands

Typology of

Personality

and

Congruent

Occupations



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Relationships

among

Occupational

Personality

Types

Relationships

among

Occupational

Personality

Types

E X H I B I T 43E X H I B I T 43Source: Reprinted by specialpermission ofthe publisher, Psychological

Assessment Resources, Inc., from Making Vocational Choices, copyright 1973,

1985, 1992 by Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc. All rights reserved.

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