PersonalityPersonality

Why are some people quiet & Why are some people quiet & passive- some are loud & passive- some are loud &

aggressive?aggressive?Are certain Personality types Are certain Personality types

better suited to certain types of better suited to certain types of Jobs?Jobs?

DefinitionDefinition It is the dynamic concept of describing It is the dynamic concept of describing

growth & development of a person’s growth & development of a person’s totaltotal Psychological system- not just Psychological system- not just the parts but the whole- which is the parts but the whole- which is greater than the sum of its parts.greater than the sum of its parts.

Allport :Allport : The dynamic organization The dynamic organization within the individual of those within the individual of those psychological systems that determine psychological systems that determine his his uniqueunique adjustment adjustment to his to his environment environment

Sum total of ways in which an Sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts individual reacts to and interacts with others- described in terms of with others- described in terms of measurable measurable Traits Traits that he/she that he/she exhibitsexhibits

Personality: derived from Latin word Personality: derived from Latin word Persona Persona meaning mask or by extension role as in Greek/ Roman theatre

Determinants of PersonalityDeterminants of PersonalityHeredityHeredityEnvironmentEnvironmentSituationSituation

HeredityFactors that were determined at Factors that were determined at

birth/ conception stagebirth/ conception stage -Physical-Physicalheight/ color of hair/ eyesheight/ color of hair/ eyes --TemperamentTemperament shyness/ fearshyness/ fear

Influenced/ inherited from Parents/ Influenced/ inherited from Parents/ grand parentsgrand parents

EnvironmentEnvironmentFactors like Factors like -the Culture in which we -the Culture in which we

are raisedare raised -early conditioning-early conditioning --Norms among our family & friendsNorms among our family & friendssocial /religious groupssocial /religious groups

Issue of Nature v/s NurtureIssue of Nature v/s NurtureHeredity provides us with in-born Heredity provides us with in-born

traits/ abilities but full potential is traits/ abilities but full potential is determined by how well we adjust to determined by how well we adjust to demands of the environmentdemands of the environment

SituationSituation Influences the effects of Heredity & Influences the effects of Heredity &

Environment on PersonalityEnvironment on Personality Individual’s Personality though Individual’s Personality though

generally stable & consistent does generally stable & consistent does change in different situationschange in different situations

Different demands of different Different demands of different situations manifest different aspects situations manifest different aspects of one’s personalityof one’s personality

Contd.Contd.Logical that situation will influence Logical that situation will influence

person’s behaviorperson’s behaviorSame situation may influence Same situation may influence

different persons’ personalities different persons’ personalities different –so different behaviordifferent –so different behavior

No neat classification on what No neat classification on what situation will affect different situation will affect different personality types & howpersonality types & how

Certain situations more relevant than Certain situations more relevant than othersothers

Contd.Contd.

Certain Situations impose constraints Certain Situations impose constraints on our behavior. Ex. Religious places/ on our behavior. Ex. Religious places/ gathering/ Job Interviewsgathering/ Job Interviews

Certain others impose less Certain others impose less constraints like a Picnicconstraints like a Picnic

Some people may still be quiet even Some people may still be quiet even on a picnic?on a picnic?

Personality TraitsPersonality TraitsEnduring Characteristics that describe Enduring Characteristics that describe

an Individual’s Behavior. Ex. an Individual’s Behavior. Ex. Shy/Aggressive/ Ambitious/Shy/Aggressive/ Ambitious/

These Traits are exhibited in a large These Traits are exhibited in a large number of Situations (not all)number of Situations (not all)

The more Consistent the The more Consistent the Characteristic- the more frequently it Characteristic- the more frequently it occurs in diverse situations- the more occurs in diverse situations- the more important that Trait in describing that important that Trait in describing that Person’s PersonalityPerson’s Personality

What use in an OrganizationWhat use in an OrganizationHelps in employee Selection by Helps in employee Selection by

Matching/ Fitting Persons to JobsMatching/ Fitting Persons to JobsGuiding Career Development Guiding Career Development

DecisionsDecisionsPersonality Tests are used to screen Personality Tests are used to screen

candidates & improve job candidates & improve job performanceperformance

Some Tests used in IndustrySome Tests used in IndustryMyers-Briggs Type IndicatorMyers-Briggs Type Indicator

100 Questions on how 100 Questions on how usually feel in usually feel in particular particular situationssituations

Extroverted- IntrovertedExtroverted- IntrovertedSensing- IntuitiveSensing- IntuitiveThinking- FeelingThinking- Feeling Judging- PerceivingJudging- Perceiving

Myers- Briggs Types Myers- Briggs Types contd.contd.E or I – Extroverted are outgoing/ E or I – Extroverted are outgoing/

sociable/ outgoing. Introverted- quiet & sociable/ outgoing. Introverted- quiet & shyshy

S or N – Sensing are practical/ prefer S or N – Sensing are practical/ prefer order/details. Intuitive rely on order/details. Intuitive rely on unconscious/ see the ‘big picture’unconscious/ see the ‘big picture’

T or F – Thinking type use reason/ logic T or F – Thinking type use reason/ logic to handle problems. Feeling types to handle problems. Feeling types depend on Values/ emotionsdepend on Values/ emotions

J or P- Judging type want control/order. J or P- Judging type want control/order. Perceiving types are flexible/ Perceiving types are flexible/ spontaneous spontaneous

contdcontdThese Classifications combined to These Classifications combined to

give 16 Personality Typesgive 16 Personality Types INTJ- Visionaries/ Original minds/ great INTJ- Visionaries/ Original minds/ great

drive for their own ideas. Skeptical/ drive for their own ideas. Skeptical/ Critical/Independent/ StubbornCritical/Independent/ Stubborn

ESTJ-Organizers. Realistic/Logical/ ESTJ-Organizers. Realistic/Logical/ Analytical. Have a natural flair for Analytical. Have a natural flair for business.business.

ENTP- Conceptualizer. Innovator/ ENTP- Conceptualizer. Innovator/ Individualistic /Versatile. Resouceful in Individualistic /Versatile. Resouceful in problem solvingproblem solving

Big Five ModelBig Five ModelExtroversion: Extroversion: Comfort level with relationshipsComfort level with relationshipsAgreeableness: Agreeableness: Propensity to defer to othersPropensity to defer to othersConscientiousness: Conscientiousness: Reliability/ dependability Reliability/ dependability Emotional Stability: Emotional Stability: Ability to withstand StressAbility to withstand StressOpenness to Experience: Openness to Experience: Range of Interests. Range of Interests.

CuriosityCuriosity

Other TestsOther Tests16 PF : 16 PF : 16 Personality Factors16 Personality FactorsFIRO- B: FIRO- B: Fundamental Interpersonal Relationship Fundamental Interpersonal Relationship

OrientationOrientationDISC : DISC : Drive-Influence Steadiness ComplianceDrive-Influence Steadiness ComplianceThomas Profiling: Thomas Profiling: Mapping Behavioral Mapping Behavioral

AptitudeAptitudePAPI: PAPI: Personality Assessment Preference Inventory Personality Assessment Preference Inventory

Major Personality Attributes Major Personality Attributes influencing Organizational influencing Organizational

BehaviorBehaviorLocus of Control: Locus of Control: Degree to which a person Degree to which a person

believes that he/she is master of his/her own Fatebelieves that he/she is master of his/her own Fate-Internals/ Externals-Internals/ Externals

Machiavellianism:Machiavellianism: Degree to which a person Degree to which a person is pragmatic. Maintains Emotional Distance. is pragmatic. Maintains Emotional Distance. Believes that Ends can justify Means Believes that Ends can justify Means

Self EsteemSelf EsteemSelf MonitoringSelf MonitoringRisk Taking:Risk Taking:

Some Personality TypesSome Personality TypesType A: Aggressive involvement in Type A: Aggressive involvement in

incessant struggle to achieve more & incessant struggle to achieve more & more in less & less time- sometimes more in less & less time- sometimes against opposing efforts of other things/ against opposing efforts of other things/ personspersons

Type B: Rarely hassled by desire to Type B: Rarely hassled by desire to obtain a widely increasing number of obtain a widely increasing number of things or participate in endless series of things or participate in endless series of events in ever decreasing time available events in ever decreasing time available

Holland’s Personality TypesHolland’s Personality TypesRealisticRealistic InvestigativeInvestigativeSocialSocialConventionalConventionalEnterprisingEnterprisingArtisticArtistic

Proactive PersonalityProactive Personality Identify opportunities- show initiative- Identify opportunities- show initiative-

take action- persevere until meaningful take action- persevere until meaningful change occurschange occurs

More likely to be seen as LeadersMore likely to be seen as LeadersAs Change Agents- Challenge Status quoAs Change Agents- Challenge Status quoEntrepreneurial initiativeEntrepreneurial initiativeSeek & develop contactsSeek & develop contactsDemonstrate persistenceDemonstrate persistence