–Chemical reactions occur when bonds between the outermost parts of atoms are formed or broken.
Periodic Trends. Chemical Periodicity Atoms participate in chemical reactions in order to fill their...
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Transcript of Periodic Trends. Chemical Periodicity Atoms participate in chemical reactions in order to fill their...
![Page 1: Periodic Trends. Chemical Periodicity Atoms participate in chemical reactions in order to fill their outermost s and p sublevels.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66b2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Periodic Trends
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Chemical Periodicity
Atoms participate in chemical reactions in order to fill their outermost s and p sublevels.
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Some definitions… ionization energy – energy required to
remove an electron from an atom
electron affinity – energy required to add an electron to an atom
electronegativity – tendency of atoms to attract e- when they are bonded to another atom
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Four Classes of Elements
Noble Gases outermost s, p filled do not react
Representative Elements outermost s or p only partially filled
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Transition Metals outermost s filled adding e- to d sublevel
Inner Transition Metals outermost s sublevel is filled adding e- to f sublevel
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Trends in Atomic SizeWithin Groups: size increases as you move down e- are being added to additional energy
levels
Within Periods: size decreases left to right because of
increase in effective nuclear charge larger # of p+ causes atom to “shrink” inner e- shield nucleus
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Effective Nuclear Charge
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Trends in Atomic Size
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![Page 10: Periodic Trends. Chemical Periodicity Atoms participate in chemical reactions in order to fill their outermost s and p sublevels.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66b2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Trends in Ion Sizescation positive ion atom LOSES electron(s) smaller than atoms from which they are
madeanion negative ion atom GAINS electron(s) larger than atoms from which they are
made
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Relative Sizes of Cations
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Relative Sizes of Anions
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Trends in Ionization EnergyWithin Groups: IE decreases as you move down
• e- are farther from nucleus• e- not held as tightly in larger atoms
Within Periods: IE increases from left to right nucleus has greater attraction for e- in
smaller atoms
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Ionization Energy
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Trends in Ionization Energy
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Trends in Electronegativity
Within Groups: decreases as you move down atoms too large for nucleus to attract e-
Within Periods: increases left to right atoms get smaller, easier to attract e-
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Trends in Electronegativity