PERFORMANCE AUDIT OF EXTENSION SERVICE 2.0 FARMER ... · PERFORMANCE AUDIT OF EXTENSION SERVICE 2.0...

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PERFORMANCE AUDIT OF EXTENSION SERVICE 2.0 FARMER FACILITATION THROUGH MODERNIZED

EXTENSION PROJECT (DRAFT)

Prepared by

1. Miss. Asma Shahzadi Assistant Director Agriculture

2. Mr. Nasir Iqbal Assistant Research Officer

Edited by

Mr. Mahmood Akhtar Chief P&E Cell

PLANNING & EVALUATION CELL

AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT 251-REWAZ GARDEN, LAHORE.

May 2019

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Contents

Preface………………………………………………………………………………...

CHAPTER NO. 1: Introduction……………………………………………………. 1-3

CHAPTER NO. 2: Methodology………………………………………………….. 4-5

CHAPTER NO. 3: Result & Discussion………………………………………….. 6-24

Summary and Conclusions & Recommendations………………………………… 25-28

Annexures-I&II………………………………………………………………………..

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List of Tables # Table 1: District wise Scheme of Sample Distribution to Soil Testing Labs 3 Table 2: Established Range of Soil Fertility Criterion 4 Table 3: Summary of Lab to Lab Difference of Results of Current Soil Samples (Overall %age)

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Table 4: Division wise Difference in Soil Texture Category of Current Soil Samples 7 Table 5: Division wise Difference in Electric Conductivity (EC) Category of Current Soil Samples

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Table 6: Division wise Difference in Soil pH Category of Current Soil Samples 8 Table 7: Division wise Difference in Organic Matter Category of Current Soil Samples 8 Table 8: Division wise Difference in Available Phosphorus Category of Current Soil Samples

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Table 9: Division wise Difference in Extractable Potassium Category of Current Soil Samples

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Table 10: Division wise Difference in Zinc Category of Current Soil Samples 10 Table 11: Division wise Difference in Copper Category of Current Soil Samples 11 Table 12: Division wise Difference in Iron Category of Current Soil Samples 11 Table 13: Division wise Difference in Manganese Category of Current Soil Samples 12 Table 14: Division wise Difference in Boron Category of Current Soil Samples 13 Table 15: Summary of Difference between Previous and Current of Results of Soil Samples (Overall %age)

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Table 16: Division wise Difference in Soil Texture Category between Previous & Current Soil Samples

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Table 17: Division wise Difference in Electric Conductivity (EC) Category between Previous & Current Soil Samples

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Table 18: Division wise Difference in Soil pH Category between Previous & Current Soil Samples

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Table 19: Division wise Difference in Organic Matter Category between Previous & Current Soil Samples

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Table 20: Division wise Difference in Available Phosphorus Category between Previous & Current Soil Samples

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Table 21: Division wise Difference in Extractable Potassium Category between Previous & Current Soil Samples

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Table 22: Division wise Difference in Zinc Category between Previous & Current Soil Samples

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Table 23: Division wise Difference in Copper Category between Previous & Current Soil Samples

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Table 24: Division wise Difference in Iron Category between Previous & Current Soil Samples

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Table 25: Division wise Difference in Manganese Category between Previous & Current Soil Samples

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Table 26: Division wise Difference in Boron Category between Previous & Current Soil Samples

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CHAPTER No. 1

Introduction

1. Soil analysis is not only critically required for accuracy in fertilizer

applications but is also needed to increase the soil productivity and efficiency through soil

sample information and soil test calibration that also reflect in terms of both crop and profit

response. In addition to creation of awareness about correct fertilizer application, soil tests

can also be used to determine where specific fertilizers or manure should not be applied.

Furthermore, development of soil database by using ICT tools such as GIS is also the

need of the day to make this information public with more certainty and reliability.

2. Moreover, any such information or scientific research will have real

impact on farm productivity and livelihoods only if this intervention and methodology

is adopted. The increase in adoption process is linked with improvement in service

delivery of the extension service. There are many frailties of this service which require

a major overhauling to work according to the required level and expectat ion due to

multifarious reasons like increase in research-extension gap, descent in professional

competency, non-operational fleet of field vehicles, non-provision of motorbikes to

Field Assistants since long, lack of both provision and adaptation of modern ICT

gadgets and tools, lack of connectivity of extension agents with crop specialists, lack

of funding to refurbish the offices of field assistants in union councils etc. Therefore, new

vision, decision and approaches are needed after situation analysis to improve service

delivery through extension network.

3. Keeping in view the aforesaid, Government of the Punjab, Agriculture

Department has launched a project titled “Extension Service 2.0 Farmer Facilitation

Through Modernized Extension” at a total cost of Rs4104.739 Million for a period of

Sixty Months i.e. July 2015 to June 2020 with the major objectives to capture soil

attributes and improvements in extension delivery system as under:.

i. Development of soil attributes database and its GIS mapping. ii. Strengthening of capacity of existing soil Laboratories iii. Identification of Crop Specialists from Universities, Research and

Extension Organizations for online advice to the extension agents and farmers.

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iv. Improvement in Service Delivery, through Extension service by provision of missing facilities to the extension agents for field work to respond to the queries of the farmers through dedicated visits and establishment of dedicated monitoring system at each nodal point.

v. Registration of four farms from each village with regular expansion program to reach every farm within life of the project according to soil test plan

vi. Adoption of latest extension approaches and tools for regular interaction with registered and other farmers through field visits, plant clinics, farmer’s training, inbound/outbound calls, and helpline/complaint line with IVR facilities.

vii. Provision of outbound survey call facility SMS/MMS query and SMS/MMS Broad casting service, pre-recorded calls/ Robot calls with response capture facility etc. and other mechanisms/technologies to connect with agriculture farmers.

viii. Establishment of helpline with complaint management systems including provision of application/ portal management system for sending out the customized SMS messages and/or Robot calls to agriculture farmers.

ix. To redress farmer issues relating to agriculture technology and input management etc.

x. X Strengthening of the existing laboratory of Soil Survey of Punjab. xi. XI Strengthening of the Information System Unit, Soil Survey of

Punjab.

4. Under this project, one soil sample has to be collected from 10 acres block

covering whole of villages of the irrigated areas of the Punjab in a period of five years.

Overall 2.8 million samples have to be analyzed in five years. In 1st year 0.2 Million

samples were to be analyzed for eight characteristics of soil by the 28 Districts Soil and

Water Testing Laboratories i.e. Saturation Percentage, Texture, Electrical Conductivity

(EC), pH, Organic Matter, Available Phosphorus, Extractable Potassium and

Calcareousness. In addition, the Divisional Soil and Water Testing Laboratories for

research had to analyze five micronutrients i.e., Zinc, Copper, Iron, Manganese and Boron.

5. The geographical locations of each sample has to be recorded through use

of GPS and the analytical data would be linked to these locations. Analytical data once

compiled would be the main source for digitized soil fertility maps. Every village in Punjab

Irrigated Agriculture will be tracked by selecting agriculture farms to improve productivity

through soil test results and correct advice by using all extension tools. Furthermore, this

data will be compiled, processed and integrated with already available data pertaining to

environment, meteorology water quality and fertility parameters with different

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organizations for maximization of crop production. The Farmer will be provided Soil

Health Cards for guidance and recommendations for crops.

6. During the review of this project, Secretary Agriculture desired to conduct an

exercise to authenticate the results of soil sampling and analysis already conducted under

this project. In compliance with the directions of Secretary Agriculture, a meeting was held

on 16.08.2018 to develop the strategy for undertaking performance audit of this project

whereby an audit body comprising of Deputy Secretary (Technical), Chief P&E Cell,

Director Crop Reporting Services (CRS), Project Director Extension 2.0 Project, Director

(Technical) PMU PIPIP, and S.T Headquarter, Agriculture Department was formed. Total

three (3) divisions namely Gujranwala, Faisalabad and Multan were selected for the

purpose of collecting random samples from 600 farmer locations (200 farmer locations per

district). It was decided to collect two (2) samples from each selected location for

submitting it to two different labs for analysis, making a total of 1200 samples from selected

600 farmer locations.

7. Director CRS with the support of Field Assistants of Extension Wing was

assigned the task of collecting randomly selected samples from the selected division. The

collected samples were sent to PMU PIPIP at Divisional level who sent the samples to Soil

Testing Laboratories as per following scheme.

Table 1: District wise Scheme of Sample Distribution to Soil Testing Labs

Name of District Submitted to Lab No. of Samples

Faisalabad Khushab 200

Bhakkar 200

Multan Bahawalpur 200

Rahim Yar Khan 200

Gujranwala Lahore 200

Sheikhupura 200

Total 1200

8. Chief P &E Cell was assigned the tasks of undertaking Lab to Lab

consistency/variance and previous results authenticity. Following sections describe

methodology of the analysis and the findings.

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CHAPTER No. 2

Methodology

9. Chief P&E Cell was assigned the following two types of verifications for

Performance Audit of Extension Services 2.0 Project:

a. Lab to Lab consistency/variance based on comparison of 2 fresh analysis results for the same sample from 2 district labs.

b. Previous results authenticity based on comparison of fresh analysis results with the previous analysis results.

10. The sample results received from Director (Technical) PMU PIPIP were

initially analyzed by computing percentage difference between sample results of two

different labs as well as comparing current analysis results with the previous results

(Annex-1). The percentage difference for many of the indicators was huge. These initial

results were shared with Director Rapid Soil Fertility Survey & Soil Testing Institute, Punjab

Lahore for review and feedback. The reply of Director Rapid Soil Fertility Survey & Soil

Testing Institute is placed at Annex-2. On the recommendation of Director Rapid Soil

Fertility Survey & Soil Testing Institute, the following established range of soil fertility

criterion was used to estimate soil data variation.

Table 2: Established Range of Soil Fertility Criterion

EC Non Saline Saline Saline Sodic Sodic

<4 >4 - -

pH <8.5 - - >8.5

OM Poor Medium Adequate

<0.86 0.86-1.29 >1.29

P <7 7-15 >15

K <80 81-180 >180

Zn <0.5 0.5-1.0 >1.0

Cu <0.1 0.1-0.2 >0.2

Fe <2.0 2.0-4.5 >4.5

Mn <0.5 0.5-1.0 >1.0

B <0.2 0.2-0.5 >0.5

11. The absolute result values were first categorized into groups as per above

mentioned criterion and were then compared to evaluate the Lab to Lab variance and

variance between current and previous results. In addition to the above mentioned ten

variables, difference in soil texture was also analyzed. As no reference criterion was

available for comparison of Saturation Percentage and Caco3, these variables were not

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included in the final analysis. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive analysis

including frequencies and cross tabulation was undertaken. The detailed results are

discussed in the following section.

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CHAPTER No. 3

Results & Discussion

12. Data collected as per methodology given in chapter 2 was analyzed using

SPSS. Descriptive analysis including frequencies and cross tabulation was undertaken.

The detailed results are discussed as under:

3.1 Lab to Lab Difference of Results (%age) of Current Soil Samples 13. Table 3-14 below presents parameter wise Lab to Lab difference in current

soil sample results of Bhakkar, Khushab, Bahawalpur, R.Y.Khan and Lahore &

Sheikhupura Labs.

Table 3: Summary of Lab to Lab Difference of Results of Current Soil Samples (Overall %age)

Sr. No.

Parameter Category No. of Cases Percentage

1. Soil Texture

Same 520 86.7

Different 80 13.3

Total 600 100.0

2. Electric Conductivity (EC)

Same 458 76.3

Different 142 23.7

Total 600 100.0

3. Soil pH

Same 535 89.2

Different 65 10.8

Total 600 100.0

4. Organic Matter

Same 450 75.0

Different 134 22.3

Missing 16 2.7

Total 600 100.0

5. Available Phosphorus

Same 356 59.3

Different 225 37.5

Missing 19 3.2

Total 600 100.0

6. Extractable Potassium

Same 326 54.3

Different 258 43.0

Missing 16 2.7

Total 600 100.0

7. Zinc

Same 307 51.2

Different 293 48.8

Total 600 100.0

8. Copper

Same 541 90.2

Different 59 9.8

Total 600 100.0

9. Iron Same 388 64.7

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Table 3 reveals the overall Lab-to-Lab difference in results (%age) of current

samples of three divisions i.e. Faisalabad, Multan & Gujranwala. The overall difference of results ranges from 9.8% (copper) to 48.8% (Zinc).

Table 4: Division wise Difference in Soil Texture Category of Current Soil Samples

Division/District Category No. of Cases Percentage

Faisalabad Division

Bhakkar & Khushab Labs.

Same 200 100.0

Different 0 0

Total 200 100

Multan Division

Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs. Same 195 97.5

Different 5 2.5

Total 200 100.0

Gujranwala Division

Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs. Same 125 62.5

Different 75 37.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall

Same 520 86.7

Different 80 13.3

Total 600 100.0 Note: The soil texture is categorized into Loam, Clay Loam and Sandy Loam.

Table 4 reveals that in Soil texture category, there is no difference of results

between Bhakkar & Khushab Labs while the difference of results between Bahawalpur & Rahim Yar Khan and Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs is 2.5% & 37.5% respectively. The overall difference of results in Soil texture category is 13.3%. Table 5: Division wise Difference in Electric Conductivity (EC) Category of Current

Soil Samples


Faisalabad Division


Same 195 97.5

Different 5 2.5

Total 200 100.0

Multan Division


Different 212 35.3

Total 600 100.0

10 Manganese

Same 416 69.3

Different 184 30.7

Total 600 100.0

11 Boron

Same 419 69.8

Different 181 30.2

Total 600 100.0

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Different 124 62.0

Total 200 100.0

Gujranwala Division


Different 13 6.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall

Same 458 76.3

Different 142 23.7

Total 600 100.0 Note: Electric Conductivity (EC) is categorized Saline <4 and Non Saline >4

Table 5 reveals that the difference of results in Electric Conductivity is 2.5% 62.0% & 6.5% between Bhakkar & Khushab, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan and Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs respectively. While the overall difference of results is 23.7%.

Table 6: Division wise Difference in Soil pH Category of Current Soil Samples


Faisalabad Division


Same 192 96.0

Different 8 4.0

Total 200 100.0

Multan Division


Different 27 13.5

Total 200 100.0

Gujranwala Division


Different 30 15.0

Total 200 100.0

Overall

Same 535 89.2

Different 65 10.8

Total 600 100.0 Note: Soil pH is categorized into Non Saline <8.5 & Sodic >8.5.

Table 6 reveals that in Soil pH category the difference of results is 4.0%,

13.5% & 15.0% between Bhakkar & Khushab, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan and Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs respectively. While the overall difference of results is 10.8%. Table 7: Division wise Difference in Organic Matter Category of Current Soil

Samples


Faisalabad Division


Same 185 92.5

Different 15 7.5

Total 200 100.0

Multan Division


12

Different 0 0.0

Total 200 100

Gujranwala Division


Different 119 59.5

Missing 16 8.0

Total 200 100.0

Overall

Same 450 75.0

Different 134 22.3

Missing 16 2.7

Total 600 100.0 Note: Organic Matter is categorized into Poor<0.86, Medium 0.86-1.29 and Adequate>1.29.

Table 7 reveals that in Organic Matter category the difference of results is

7.5% & 59.5% between Bhakkar & Khushab and Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs respectively. While there is no difference between in Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs. Values for 16 cases in current soil sample results of Lahore Lab were missing.

Table 8: Division wise Difference in Available Phosphorus Category of Current Soil

Samples


Faisalabad Division


Same 166 83.0

Different 34 17.0

Total 200 100.0

Multan Division


Different 90 45.0

Total 200 100.0

Gujranwala Division


Different 101 50.5

Missing 19 9.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall

Same 356 59.3

Different 225 37.5

Missing 19 3.2

Total 600 100.0 Note: Available Phosphorus is categorized into Poor <7, Medium 7-15 and Adequate >15.

Table 8 reveals that in Available Phosphorus category the difference of results is 17.0%, 45.0% & 50.5% between Bhakkar & Khushab, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan and Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs respectively. In Lahore Lab 16 values while in Sheikhupura Lab 3 values are missing in current samples results. The overall difference of results in Available Phosphorus category is 37.5%.

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Table 9: Division wise Difference in Extractable Potassium Category of Current Soil Samples


Faisalabad Division

Bhakkar & Khushab Labs)

Same 189 94.5

Different 11 5.5

Total 200 100.0

Multan Division


Different 113 56.5

Total 200 100.0

Gujranwala Division


Different 134 67.0

Missing 16 8.0

Total 200 100.0

Overall

Same 326 54.3

Different 258 43.0

Missing 16 2.7

Total 600 100.0 Note: Extractable Potassium is categorized into Poor <80, Medium 81-180 and adequate >180.

Table 9 reveals that in Extractable Potassium category the difference of

results is 5.5%, 56.5% & 67.0% between Bhakkar & Khushab, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan and Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs respectively. In Lahore Lab values are missing for 16 cases in current samples results. The overall difference of results in Extractable Potassium category is 43.0%.

Table 10: Division wise Difference in Zinc Category of Current Soil Samples


Faisalabad Division


Same 181 90.5

Different 19 9.5

Total 200 100.0

Multan Division


Different 104 52.0

Total 200 100.0

Gujranwala Division


Different 170 85.0

Total 200 100.0

Overall

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Same 307 51.2

Different 293 48.8

Total 600 100.0 Note: Zinc is categorized into Poor <0.5, Medium 0.5-1.0 and Adequate >1.0.

Table 10 reveals that in Zinc category the difference of results is 9.5%,

52.0% & 85.0% between Bhakkar & Khushab, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan and Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs respectively. The overall difference of results in Zinc category is 48.8%.

Table 11: Division wise Difference in Copper Category of Current Soil Samples


Faisalabad Division


Same 188 94.0

Different 12 6.0

Total 200 100.0

Multan Division


Different 1 0.5

Total 200 100.0

Gujranwala Division


Different 46 23.0

Total 200 100.0

Overall

Same 541 90.2

Different 59 9.8

Total 600 100.0 Note: Copper is categorized into Poor <0.1, Medium 0.1-0.2 and Adequate >0.2.

Table 11 reveals that in Copper category the difference of results is 6.0%,

0.5% & 23.0% between Bhakkar & Khushab, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan and Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs respectively. The overall difference of results in Copper category is 9.8%.

Table 12: Division wise Difference in Iron Category of Current Soil Samples


Faisalabad Division


Same 199 99.5

Different 1 0.5

Total 200 100.0

Multan Division


Different 96 48.0

Total 200 100.0

Gujranwala Division


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Different 115 57.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall

Same 388 64.7

Different 212 35.3

Total 600 100.0 Note: Iron is categorized into Poor <2.0, Medium 2.0-4.5 and Adequate >4.5.

Table 12 reveals that in Iron category the difference of results is 0.5%, 48.0%

& 57.5% between Bhakkar & Khushab, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan and Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs respectively. The overall difference of results in Iron category is 35.3%.

Table 13: Division wise Difference in Manganese Category of Current Soil Samples


Faisalabad Division


Same 191 95.5

Different 9 4.5

Total 200 100.0

Multan Division


Different 109 54.5

Total 200 100.0

Gujranwala Division


Different 66 33.0

Total 200 100.0

Overall

Same 416 69.3

Different 184 30.7

Total 600 100.0 Note: Manganese is categorized into Poor <0.5, Medium 0.5-1.0 and Adequate >1.0.

` Table 13 reveals that in Manganese category the difference of results is 4.5,

54.5% & 33.0% between Bhakkar & Khushab, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan and Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs respectively. The overall difference of results in Manganese category is 30.7%.

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Table 14: Division wise Difference in Boron Category of Current Soil Samples


Faisalabad Division


Same 160 80.0

Different 40 20.0

Total 200 100.0

Multan Division

Bhawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs. Same 152 76.0

Different 48 24.0

Total 200 100.0

Gujranwala Division


Different 93 46.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall

Same 419 69.8

Different 181 30.2

Total 600 100.0 Note: Boron is categorized into Poor <0.2, Medium 0.2-0.5 and Adequate >0.5.

Table 14 reveals that in Boron category the difference of results is 20.0,

24.0% & 46.5% between Bhakkar & Khushab, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan and Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs respectively. The overall difference of results in Boron category is 30.2%.

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3.2 Difference between Previous and Current Results of Soil Samples (% age) 14. Tables 15-26 present the difference between previous & current results of soil samples Table 15: Summary of Difference between Previous and Current of Results of Soil

Samples (Overall %age)

Sr. No.

Parameter Category No. of Cases Percentage

1. Soil Texture

Same 1012 84.3

Different 188 15.7

Total 1200 100.0

2. Electric Conductivity (EC)

Same 1027 85.6

Different 173 14.4

Total 1200 100.0

3. Soil pH

Same 998 83.2

Different 202 16.8

Total 1200 100.0

4. Organic Matter

Same 953 79.4

Different 231 19.3

Missing 16 1.3

Total 1200 100.0

5. Available Phosphorus

Same 696 58.0

Different 485 40.4

Missing 19 1.6

Total 1200 100.0

6. Extractable Potassium

Same 714 59.5

Different 470 39.2

Missing 16 1.3

Total 1200 100.0

7. Zinc

Same 737 61.4

Different 463 38.6

Total 1200 100.0

8. Copper

Same 1073 89.4

Different 127 10.6

Total 1200 100.0

9. Iron

Same 836 69.7

Different 364 30.3

Total 1200 100.0

10. Manganese

Same 776 64.7

Different 424 35.3

Total 1200 100.0

11. Boron

Same 712 59.3

Different 488 40.7

Total 1200 100.0

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Table 15 reveals the overall difference between previous and current sample results (%age) of three divisions i.e. Faisalabad, Multan & Gujranwala. The overall difference of results ranges from 10.6% (Copper) to 40.7% (Boron).

Table 16: Division wise Difference in Soil Texture Category between Previous &

Current Soil Samples


Faisalabad Division

Previous with Bhakkar Lab Same 190 95.0

Different 10 5.0

Total 200 100.0

Previous with Khushab Lab Same 190 95.0

Different 10 5.0

Total 200 100.0

Gujranwala Division

Previous with Lahore Lab Same 134 67.0

Different 66 33.0

Total 200 100.0

Previous with Sheikhupura Lab Same 122 61.0

Different 78 39.0

Total 200 100.0

Multan Division

Previous with Bahawalpur Lab Same 186 93.0

Different 14 7.0

Total 200 100.0

Previous with R.Y.Khan Lab Same 190 95.0

Different 10 5.0

Total 200 100.0

Overall

Same 1012 84.3

Different 188 15.7

Total 1200 100.0 Note: The soil texture is categorized into Loam, Clay Loam and Sandy Loam.

Table 16 reveals that in Faisalabad division the difference of results of Bhakkar and Khushab Labs with previous results is 5.0%. Similarly, in Gujranwala and Multan divisions the difference of results of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs with previous results is 33.0%, 39.0%, 7.0% & 5.0% respectively. The overall difference of results between previous and current soil samples in Soil texture category is 15.7%.

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Table 17: Division wise Difference in Electric Conductivity (EC) Category between Previous & Current Soil Samples


Faisalabad Division


Different 11 5.5

Total 200 100.0


Different 10 5.0

Total 200 100.0

Gujranwala Division


Different 8 4.0

Total 200 100.0


Different 6 3.0

Total 200 100.0

Multan Division


Different 121 60.5

Total 200 100.0


Different 17 8.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall

Same 1027 85.6

Different 173 14.4

Total 1200 100.0 Note: Electric Conductivity (EC) is categorized Saline <4 and Non Saline >4

Table 17 reveals that in Faisalabad division the difference of results of

Bhakkar and Khushab Labs with previous results is 5.5% & 5.0% respectively. Similarly, in Gujranwala and Multan divisions the difference of results of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs with previous results is 4.0%, 3.0%, 60.5% & 8.5% respectively. The overall difference of results between previous and current soil samples in Electric Conductivity category is 14.4%.

Table 18: Division wise Difference in Soil pH Category between Previous & Current

Soil Samples


Faisalabad Division


Different 16 8.0

Total 200 100.0


Different 22 11.0

Total 200 100.0

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Gujranwala Division


Different 34 17.0

Total 200 100.0


Different 27 13.5

Total 200 100.0

Multan Division


Different 58 29.0

Total 200 100.0


Different 45 22.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall

Same 998 83.2

Different 202 16.8

Total 1200 100.0 Note: Soil pH is categorized into Non Saline <8.5 & Sodic >8.5.


Bhakkar and Khushab Labs with previous results is 8.0% & 11.0% respectively. Similarly, in Gujranwala and Multan divisions the difference of results of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs with previous results is 17.0%, 13.5%, 29.0% & 22.5% respectively. The overall difference of results between previous and current soil samples in Soil pH category is 16.8%.

Table 19: Division wise Difference in Organic Matter Category between Previous &



Faisalabad Division


Different 38 19.0

Total 200 100.0


Different 40 20.0

Total 200 100.0

Gujranwala Division

Previous with Lahore Lab

Same 163 81.5

Different 21 10.5

Missing 16 8.0

Total 200 100


Different 124 62.0

Total 200 100.0

Multan Division


21

Different 4 2.0

Total 200 100.0


Different 4 2.0

Total 200 100.0

Overall

Same 953 79.4

Different 231 19.3

Missing 16 1.3

Total 1200 100.0 Note: Organic Matter is categorized into Poor<0.86, Medium 0.86-1.29 and Adequate>1.29.


Bhakkar and Khushab Labs with previous results is 19.0% & 20.0% respectively. Similarly, in Gujranwala and Multan divisions the difference of results of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs with previous results is 10.5%, 62.0%, 2.0% & 2.0% respectively. The overall difference of results between previous and current soil samples in Organic Matter category is 19.3%. In Lahore Lab 16 values are missing in current soil sample results.

Table 20: Division wise Difference in Available Phosphorus Category between

Previous & Current Soil Samples


Faisalabad Division


Different 48 24.0

Total 200 100.0


Different 54 27.0

Total 200 100.0

Gujranwala Division


Same 140 70.0

Different 44 22.0

Missing 16 8.0

Total 200 100


Different 109 54.5

Missing 3 1.5

Total 200 100

Multan Division


Different 119 59.5

Total 200 100.0


Different 111 55.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall

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Same 696 58.0

Different 485 40.4

Missing 19 1.6

Total 1200 100.0 Note: Available Phosphorus is categorized into Poor <7, Medium 7-15 and Adequate >15.


Bhakkar and Khushab Labs with previous results is 24.0% & 27.0% respectively. Similarly, in Gujranwala and Multan divisions the difference of results of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs with previous results is 22.0%, 54.5%, 59.5% & 55.5% respectively. The overall difference of results between previous and current soil samples in Available Phosphorus category is 40.4%. In Lahore Lab 16 values and in Sheikhupura Lab 3 values are missing in current soil sample results. Table 21: Division wise Difference in Extractable Potassium Category between

Previous & Current Soil Samples


Faisalabad Division


Different 30 15.0

Total 200 100.0


Different 32 16.0

Total 200 100.0

Gujranwala Division


Same 55 27.5

Different 129 64.5

Missing 16 8.0

Total 200 100


Different 109 54.5

Total 200 100.0

Multan Division


Different 70 35.0

Total 200 100.0


Different 100 50.0

Total 200 100.0

Overall

Same 714 59.5

Different 470 39.2

Missing 16 1.3

Total 1200 100.0 Note: Extractable Potassium is categorized into Poor <80, Medium 81-180 and Adequate >180.

Table 21 reveals that in Faisalabad division the difference of results of Bhakkar and Khushab Labs with previous results is 15.0% & 16.0% respectively. Similarly,

23

in Gujranwala and Multan divisions the difference of results of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs with previous results is 64.5%, 54.5%, 35.0% & 50.0% respectively. The overall difference of results between previous and current soil samples in Extractable Potassium category is 39.2%. In Lahore Lab 16 values are missing in current soil sample results.

Table 22: Division wise Difference in Zinc Category between Previous & Current Soil

Samples


Faisalabad Division


Different 32 16.0

Total 200 100.0


Different 39 19.5

Total 200 100.0

Gujranwala Division


Same 179 89.5

Different 21 10.5

Total 200 100.0


Different 170 85.0

Total 200 100.0

Multan Division


Different 86 43.0

Total 200 100.0


Different 115 57.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall

Same 737 61.4

Different 463 38.6

Total 1200 100.0 Note: Zinc is categorized into Poor <0.5, Medium 0.5-1.0 and Adequate >1.0.


Bhakkar and Khushab Labs with previous results is 16.0% & 19.5% respectively. Similarly, in Gujranwala and Multan divisions the difference of results of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs with previous results is 10.5%, 85.0%, 43.0% & 57.5% respectively. The overall difference of results between previous and current soil samples in Zinc category is 38.6%.

24

Table 23: Division wise Difference in Copper Category between Previous & Current Soil Samples


Faisalabad Division


Different 27 13.5

Total 200 100.0


Different 39 19.5

Total 200 100.0

Gujranwala Division


Same 165 82.5

Different 35 17.5

Total 200 100.0


Different 21 10.5

Total 200 100.0

Multan Division


Different 2 1.0

Total 200 100.0


Different 3 1.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall

Same 1073 89.4

Different 127 10.6

Total 1200 100.0 Note: Copper is categorized into Poor <0.1, Medium 0.1-0.2 and Adequate >0.2.


Bhakkar and Khushab Labs with previous results is 13.5% & 19.5% respectively. Similarly, in Gujranwala and Multan divisions the difference of results of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs with previous results is 17.5%, 10.5%, 1.0% & 1.5% respectively. The overall difference of results between previous and current soil samples in Copper category is 10.6%.

Table 24: Division wise Difference in Iron Category between Previous & Current Soil

Samples


Faisalabad Division


Different 0 0.0

Total 200 100


Different 1 .5

Total 200 100.0

25

Gujranwala Division


Same 134 67.0

Different 66 33.0

Total 200 100.0


Different 135 67.5

Total 200 100.0

Multan Division


Different 71 35.5

Total 200 100.0


Different 91 45.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall

Same 836 69.7

Different 364 30.3

Total 1200 100.0 Note: Iron is categorized into Poor <2.0, Medium 2.0-4.5 and Adequate >4.5.

Table 24 reveals that in Faisalabad division there is no difference of results

of Bhakkar Lab while in Khushab Lab the difference is 0.5%. Similarly, in Gujranwala and Multan divisions the difference of results of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs with previous results is 33.0%, 67.5%, 35.5% & 45.5% respectively. The overall difference of results between previous and current soil samples in Iron category is 30.3%.

Table 25: Division wise Difference in Manganese Category between Previous &



Faisalabad Division


Different 48 24.0

Total 200 100.0


Different 49 24.5

Total 200 100.0

Gujranwala Division


Same 192 96.0

Different 8 4.0

Total 200 100.0


Different 66 33.0

Total 200 100.0

Multan Division


Different 113 56.5

Total 200 100.0

26


Different 140 70.0

Total 200 100.0

Overall

Same 776 64.7

Different 424 35.3

Total 1200 100.0 Note: Manganese is categorized into Poor <0.5, Medium 0.5-1.0 and Adequate >1.0.

Table 25 reveals that in Faisalabad division the difference of results of Bhakkar and Khushab Labs with previous results is 24.0% & 24.5% respectively. Similarly, in Gujranwala and Multan divisions the difference of results of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs with previous results is 4.0%, 33.0%, 56.5% & 70.0% respectively. The overall difference of results between previous and current soil samples in Manganese category is 35.3%. Table 26: Division wise Difference in Boron Category between Previous & Current

Soil Samples


Faisalabad Division


Different 40 20.0

Total 200 100.0


Different 60 30.0

Total 200 100.0

Gujranwala Division


Same 30 15.0

Different 170 85.0

Total 200 100.0


Different 150 75.0

Total 200 100.0

Multan Division


Different 18 9.0

Total 200 100.0


Different 50 25.0

Total 200 100.0

Overall

Same 712 59.3

Different 488 40.7

Total 1200 100.0 Note: Boron is categorized into Poor <0.2, Medium 0.2-0.5 and Adequate >0.5.

27

Table 26 reveals that in Faisalabad division the difference of results of Bhakkar and Khushab Labs with previous results is 20.0% & 30.0% respectively. Similarly, in Gujranwala and Multan divisions the difference of results of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs with previous results is 85.0%, 75.0%, 9.0% & 25.0% respectively. The overall difference of results between previous and current soil samples in Boron category is 40.7%.

28

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

15. The executive summary of the report is as under:

1. Lab to Lab Difference of Results (%age) of Current Soil Samples

The overall difference of results of three divisions i.e. Faisalabad, Multan & Gujranwala ranges from 9.8% (copper) to 48.8% (Zinc).

In Soil texture category, there is no difference of results between Bhakkar & Khushab Labs while the difference of results between Bahawalpur & Rahim Yar Khan and Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs is 2.5% & 37.5% respectively. The overall difference of results in Soil texture category is 13.3%.

In Electric Conductivity category, the difference of results is 2.5% 62.0% & 6.5% between Bhakkar & Khushab, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan and Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs respectively. While the overall difference of results is 23.7%.

In Soil pH category, the difference of results is 4.0%, 13.5% & 15.0% between Bhakkar & Khushab, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan and Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs respectively. While the overall difference of results is 10.8%.

In Organic Matter category the difference of results is 7.5% & 59.5% between Bhakkar & Khushab and Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs respectively. While there is no difference between in Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs. In Lahore Lab, values are missing in 16 cases in current samples results. The overall difference of results is 22.3%.

In Available Phosphorus category, the difference of results is 17.0%, 45.0% & 50.5% between Bhakkar & Khushab, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan and Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs respectively. In Lahore Lab 16 values while in Sheikhupura Lab 3 values are missing in current sample results. The overall difference of results in Available Phosphorus category is 37.5%.

In Extractable Potassium category the difference of results is 5.5%, 56.5% & 67.0% between Bhakkar & Khushab, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan and Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs respectively. In Lahore Lab values are missing in 16 cases in current samples results. The overall difference of results in Extractable Potassium category is 43.0%.

In Zinc category, the difference of results is 9.5%, 52.0% & 85.0% between Bhakkar & Khushab, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan and Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs respectively. The overall difference of results in Zinc category is 48.8%.

In Copper category, the difference of results is 6.0%, 0.5% & 23.0% between Bhakkar & Khushab, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan and Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs respectively. The overall difference of results in Copper category is 9.8%.

In Iron category the difference of results is 0.5, 48.0% & 57.5% between Bhakkar & Khushab, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan and Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs respectively. The overall difference of results in Iron category is 35.3%.

In Manganese category, the difference of results is 4.5%, 54.5% & 33.0% between Bhakkar & Khushab, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan and Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs respectively. The overall difference of results in Manganese category is 30.7%.

29

In Boron category, the difference of results is 20.0%, 24.0% & 46.5% between Bhakkar & Khushab, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan and Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs respectively. The overall difference of results in Boron category is 30.2%.

2. Difference between Previous and Current Results of Soil Samples (% age)

The overall difference of results of three division i.e. Faisalabad, Multan and Gujranwala ranges from 10.6% (Copper) to 40.7% (Boron).

In Faisalabad division, the difference of results in Soil Texture category of Bhakkar & Khushab Labs with previous results is 5.0%. Similarly, in Gujranwala and Multan divisions the difference of results of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs with previous results is 33.0%, 39.0%, 7.0% & 5.0% respectively. The overall difference of results between previous and current soil samples in Soil texture category is 15.7%.

In Faisalabad division, the difference of results in Electric Conductivity category of Bhakkar & Khushab Labs with previous results is 5.5% & 5.0%. Similarly, in Gujranwala and Multan divisions the difference of results of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs with previous results is 4.0%, 3.0%, 60.5% & 8.5% respectively. The overall difference of results between previous and current soil samples in Electric Conductivity category is 14.4%.

In Faisalabad division, the difference of results in Soil pH category of Bhakkar & Khushab Labs with previous results is 8.0% & 11.0%. Similarly, in Gujranwala and Multan divisions the difference of results of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs with previous results is 17.0%, 13.5%, 29.0% & 22.5% respectively. The overall difference of results between previous and current soil samples in Soil pH category is 16.8%.

In Faisalabad division, the difference of results in Organic Matter category of Bhakkar & Khushab Labs with previous results is 19.0% & 20.0%. Similarly, in Gujranwala and Multan divisions the difference of results of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs with previous results is 10.5%, 62.0%, 2.0% & 2.0% respectively. The overall difference of results between previous and current soil samples in Organic Matter category is 19.3%. In Lahore Lab 16 values are missing in current soil sample results.

In Faisalabad division, the difference of results in Available Phosphorus category of Bhakkar & Khushab Labs with previous results is 24.0% & 27.0%. Similarly, in Gujranwala and Multan divisions the difference of results of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs with previous results is 22.0%, 54.5%, 59.5% & 55.5% respectively. The overall difference of results between previous and current soil samples in Available Phosphorus category is 40.4%. In Lahore Lab 16 values and in Sheikhupura Labs 3 values are missing in current soil sample results.

In Faisalabad division, the difference of results in Extractable Potassium category of Bhakkar & Khushab Labs with previous results is 15.0% & 16.0%. Similarly, in Gujranwala and Multan divisions the difference of results of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs with previous results is 64.5%, 54.5%, 35.0% & 50.0% respectively. The overall difference of results between previous and current soil samples in Extractable Potassium category is 39.2%. In Lahore Lab 16 values are missing in current soil sample results.

30

In Faisalabad division, the difference of results in Zinc category of Bhakkar & Khushab Labs with previous results is 16.0% & 19.5%. Similarly, in Gujranwala and Multan divisions the difference of results of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs with previous results is 10.5, 85.0%, 43.0% & 57.5% respectively. The overall difference of results between previous and current soil samples in Zinc category is 38.6%.

In Faisalabad division, the difference of results in Copper category of Bhakkar & Khushab Labs with previous results is 13.5% & 19.5%. Similarly, in Gujranwala and Multan divisions the difference of results of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs with previous results is 17.5, 10.5%, 1.0% & 1.5% respectively. The overall difference of results between previous and current soil samples in Copper category is 10.6%.

In Faisalabad division, there is no difference of results in Iron category of Bhakkar Lab while in Khushab Lab the difference is 0.5%. Similarly, in Gujranwala and Multan divisions the difference of results of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs with previous results is 33.0%, 67.5%, 35.5% & 45.5% respectively. The overall difference of results between previous and current soil samples in Iron category is 30.3%.

In Faisalabad division, the difference of results in Manganese category of Bhakkar & Khushab Labs with previous results is 24.0% & 24.5%. Similarly, in Gujranwala and Multan divisions the difference of results of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs with previous results is 4.0%, 33.0%, 56.5% & 70.0% respectively. The overall difference of results between previous and current soil samples in Manganese category is 35.3%.

In Faisalabad division, the difference of results in Boron category of Bhakkar & Khushab Labs with previous results is 20.0% & 30.0%. Similarly, in Gujranwala and Multan divisions the difference of results of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Bahawalpur & R.Y.Khan Labs with previous results is 85.0%, 75.0%, 9.0% & 25.0% respectively. The overall difference of results between previous and current soil samples in Boron category is 40.7%.

31

Conclusion:

16. As evident from the above said results, there is a wide variation of difference

between current as well as current and previous sample results. Some of the variation

may be attributed to the followings:

1. As per standard operating procedures, soil samples were to be taken from fallow fields, after the crop harvest but neither current, nor previous soil samples were collected at appropriate time.

2. Soil samples were to be taken from dry fields, receipt of wet sample have been reported by Soil Fertility Institutes.

3. Standard operating procedures for soil sample analysis may not be followed by selected labs.

Recommendation:

17. Standard operating procedures may strictly be followed for both sample

collection as well as its analysis so that the difference in results and its interpretation may

be avoided and quality recommendations based on this analysis may be provided to the

farmers.

32

Annexure-1 1. Lab to Lab Difference of Current Soil Sample Results (%age)

Table 1: Percentage Difference in Soil Saturation

Division/District Percentage Difference No. Cases Percentage

Multan (Bahawalpur & Rahim Yar Khan Labs)

0-5 68 34.0

5.1-10 57 28.5

10.1-20 58 29.0

20.1-30 16 8.0

30.1 & above 1 0.5

Total 200 100.0

Faisalabad (Bhakkar & Khushab Labs)

0-5 156 78.0

5.1-10 38 19.0

10.1-20 6 3.0

20.1-30 0 0.0

30.1 & above 0 0.0

Total 200 100.0

Gujranwala (Lahore & Sheikhupura Labs)

0-5 36 18.0

5.1-10 36 18.0

10.1-20 51 25.5

20.1-30 28 14.0

30.1 & above 49 24.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 260 43.3

5.1-10 131 21.8

10.1-20 115 19.2

20.1-30 44 7.3

30.1 & above 50 8.3

Total 600 100

Table 2: Percentage Difference in Soil Texture

33

Division/District Soil Texture No. cases Percentage


Different 5 2.5

Same 195 97.5

Total 200 100.0


Different 0 0.0

Same 200 100.0

Total 200 100.0


Different 81 40.5

Same 119 59.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall Different 86 14.3

Same 514 85.7

Total 600 100.0

Table 3: Percentage Difference in Electric Conductivity (EC)

34



0-5 1 0.5

5.1-10 1 0.5

10.1-20 2 1.0

20.1-30 196 98.0

30.1 & above 0 0.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 128 64.0

5.1-10 30 15.0

10.1-20 25 12.5

20.1-30 4 2.0

30.1 & above 13 6.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 13 6.5

5.1-10 26 13.0

10.1-20 36 18.0

20.1-30 36 18.0

30.1 & above 89 44.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 142 23.7

5.1-10 57 9.5

10.1-20 63 10.5

20.1-30 236 39.3

30.1 & above 102 17.0

Total 600 100.0

Table 4: Percentage Difference in Soil pH

35



0-5 79 39.5

5.1-10 95 47.5

10.1-20 26 13.0

20.1-30 0 0.0

30.1 & above 0 0.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 195 97.5

5.1-10 2 1.0

10.1-20 0 0.0

20.1-30 2 1.0

30.1 & above 1 0.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 109 54.5

5.1-10 62 31.0

10.1-20 23 11.5

20.1-30 4 2.0

30.1 & above 2 1.0

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 383 63.8

5.1-10 159 26.5

10.1-20 49 8.2

20.1-30 6 1.0

30.1 & above 3 0.5

Total 600 100.0

Table 5: Percentage Difference in Organic Matter

36



0-5 25 12.5

5.1-10 23 11.5

10.1-20 38 19.0

20.1-30 114 57.0

30.1 & above 0 0.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 72 36.0

5.1-10 60 30.0

10.1-20 51 25.5

20.1-30 5 2.5

30.1 & above 12 6.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 2 1.0

5.1-10 9 4.5

10.1-20 8 4.0

20.1-30 8 4.0

30.1 & above 157 78.5

Missing 16 8.0

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 99 16.5

5.1-10 92 15.3

10.1-20 97 16.2

20.1-30 127 21.2

30.1 & above 169 28.2

Missing 16 2.7

Total 600 100

Table 6: Percentage Difference in Phosphorus

37



0-5 9 4.5

5.1-10 16 8.0

10.1-20 29 14.5

20.1-30 146 73.0

30.1 & above 0 0.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 65 32.5

5.1-10 27 13.5

10.1-20 88 44.0

20.1-30 12 6.0

30.1 & above 8 4.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 1 0.5

5.1-10 3 1.5

10.1-20 7 3.5

20.1-30 0 0.0

30.1 & above 170 85.0

Missing 19 9.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 75 12.5

5.1-10 46 7.7

10.1-20 124 20.7

20.1-30 158 26.3

30.1 & above 178 29.7

Missing 19 3.2

Total 600 100.0

Table 7: Percentage Difference in Potassium

38



0-5 12 6.0

5.1-10 10 5.0

10.1-20 20 10.0

20.1-30 158 79.0

30.1 & above 0 0.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 161 80.5

5.1-10 29 14.5

10.1-20 4 2.0

20.1-30 3 1.5

30.1 & above 3 1.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 6 3.0

5.1-10 1 .5

10.1-20 8 4.0

20.1-30 16 8.0

30.1 & above 153 76.5

Missing 16 0.0

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 179 29.8

5.1-10 40 6.7

10.1-20 32 5.3

20.1-30 177 29.5

30.1 & above 156 26.0

Missing 16 2.7

Total 600 100.0

Table 8: Percentage Difference in Calcium Carbonate

39



0-5 1 .5

5.1-10 0 0.0

10.1-20 0 0.0

20.1-30 199 99.5

30.1 & above 0 0.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 65 32.5

5.1-10 3 1.5

10.1-20 89 44.5

20.1-30 20 10.0

30.1 & above 23 11.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 3 1.5

5.1-10 4 2.0

10.1-20 4 2.0

20.1-30 8 4.0

30.1 & above 181 90.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 69 11.5

5.1-10 7 1.2

10.1-20 93 15.5

20.1-30 227 37.8

30.1 & above 204 34.0

Total 600 100.0

Table 9: Percentage Difference in Zinc

40



0-5 33 16.5

5.1-10 27 13.5

10.1-20 46 23.0

20.1-30 94 47.0

30.1 & above 0 0.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 115 57.5

5.1-10 51 25.5

10.1-20 25 12.5

20.1-30 4 2.0

30.1 & above 5 2.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 0 0.0

5.1-10 0 0.0

10.1-20 3 1.5

20.1-30 4 2.0

30.1 & above 193 96.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 148 24.7

5.1-10 78 13.0

10.1-20 74 12.3

20.1-30 102 17.0

30.1 & above 198 33.0

Total 600 100.0

Table 10: Percentage Difference in Copper

41



0-5 23 11.5

5.1-10 17 8.5

10.1-20 38 19.0

20.1-30 122 61.0

30.1 & above 0 0.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 104 52.0

5.1-10 57 28.5

10.1-20 30 15.0

20.1-30 5 2.5

30.1 & above 4 2.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 5 2.5

5.1-10 4 2.0

10.1-20 10 5.0

20.1-30 12 6.0

30.1 & above 169 84.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 132 22.0

5.1-10 78 13.0

10.1-20 78 13.0

20.1-30 139 23.2

30.1 & above 173 28.8

Total 600 100.0

Table 11: Percentage Difference in Iron between Bahawalpur and Rahim Yar Khan

Labs

42



0-5 13 6.5

5.1-10 10 5.0

10.1-20 33 16.5

20.1-30 144 72.0

30.1 & above 0 0.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 119 59.5

5.1-10 50 25.0

10.1-20 25 12.5

20.1-30 6 3.0

30.1 & above 0 0.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 2 1.0

5.1-10 0 0.0

10.-20 7 3.5

20.1-30 1 .5

30.1 & above 190 95.0

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 134 22.3

5.1-10 60 10.0

10.1-20 65 10.8

20.1-30 151 25.2

30.1 & above 190 31.7

Total 600 100.0

Table 12: Percentage Difference in Manganese

43



0-5 9 4.5

5.1-10 13 6.5

10.1-20 25 12.5

20.1-30 153 76.5

30.1 & above 0 0.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 111 55.5

5.1-10 53 26.5

10.1-20 27 13.5

20.1-30 5 2.5

30.1 & above 4 2.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 9 4.5

5.1-10 6 3.0

10.1-20 10 5.0

20.1-30 16 8.0

30.1 & above 159 79.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 129 21.5

5.1-10 72 12.0

10.1-20 62 10.3

20.1-30 174 29.0

30.1 & above 163 27.2

Total 600 100.0

Table 13: Percentage Difference in Boron

44



0-5 12 6.0

5.1-10 13 6.5

10.1-20 24 12.0

20.1-30 151 75.5

30.1 & above 0 0.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 83 41.5

5.1-10 43 21.5

10.1-20 21 10.5

20.1-30 12 6.0

30.1 & above 41 20.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 12 6.0

5.1-10 1 0.5

10.1-20 29 14.5

20.1-30 17 8.5

30.1 & above 141 70.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 107 17.8

5.1-10 57 9.5

10.1-20 74 12.3

20.1-30 180 30.0

30.1 & above 182 30.3

Total 600 100.0

45

2. Difference between Previous and Current Results (% age)

Table 14: Percentage Difference in Soil Saturation


Multan Previous with Bahawalpur Lab

0-5 63 31.5

5.1-10 44 22.0

10.1-20 63 31.5

20.1-30 22 11.0

30.1 & above 8 4.0

Total 200 100.0

Multan Previous with Rahim Yar Khan Lab

0-5 60 30.0

5.1-10 64 32.0

10.1-20 57 28.5

20.1-30 15 7.5

30.1 & above 4 2.0

Total 200 100.0

Gujranwala Previous with Lahore Lab

0-5 48 24.0

5.1-10 29 14.5

10.1-20 59 29.5

20.1-30 27 13.5

30.1 & above 37 18.5

Total 200 100.0

Gujranwala Previous with Sheikhupura Lab

0-5 30 15.0

5.1-10 23 11.5

10.1-20 56 28.0

20.1-30 30 15.0

30.1 & above 61 30.5

Total 200 100.0

Faisalabad Previous with Bhakkar Lab

0-5 122 61.0

5.1-10 43 21.5

10.1-20 26 13.0

20.1-30 6 3.0

30.1 & above 3 1.5

Total 200 100.0

Faisalabad Previous with Khushab Lab

0-5 94 47.0

5.1-10 61 30.5

10.1-20 35 17.5

46

20.1-30 7 3.5

30.1 & above 3 1.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 417 34.8

5.1-10 264 22.0

10.1-20 296 24.7

20.1-30 107 8.9

30.1 & above 116 9.7

Total 1200 100.0

Table 15: Percentage Difference in Soil Texture

Division/District Soil Texture No. cases Percentage


Different 15 7.5

Same 185 92.5

Total 200 100.0


Different 11 5.5

Same 189 94.5

Total 200 100.0


Different 72 36.0

Same 128 64.0

Total 200 100.0


Different 86 43.0

Same 114 57.0

Total 200 100.0


Different 13 6.5

Same 187 93.5

Total 200 100.0

Faisalabad Previous with Khushab Lab

Different 13 6.5

Same 187 93.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall Different 210 17.5

Same 990 82.5

Total 1200 100

Table 16: Percentage Difference in Electric Conductivity (EC)

47



0-5 3 1.5

5.1-10 2 1.0

10.1-20 4 2.0

20.1-30 7 3.5

30.1 & above 184 92.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 4 2.0

5.1-10 4 2.0

10.1-20 13 6.5

20.1-30 16 8.0

30.1 & above 163 81.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 10 5.0

5.1-10 9 4.5

10.1-20 22 11.0

20.1-30 21 10.5

30.1 & above 138 69.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 14 7.0

5.1-10 8 4.0

10.1-20 15 7.5

20.1-30 23 11.5

30.1 & above 140 70.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 78 39.0

5.1-10 27 13.5

10.1-20 27 13.5

20.1-30 13 6.5

30.1 & above 55 27.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 70 35.0

5.1-10 20 10.0

10.1-20 35 17.5

20.1-30 15 7.5

30.1 & above 60 30.0

48

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 179 14.9

5.1-10 70 5.8

10.1-20 116 9.7

20.1-30 95 7.9

30.1 & above 740 61.7

Total 1200 100.0

Table 17: Percentage Difference in Soil pH



0-5 170 85.0

5.1-10 29 14.5

10.1-20 1 0.5

20.1-30 0 0.0

30.1 & above 0 0.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 86 43.0

5.1-10 76 38.0

10.1-20 38 19.0

20.1-30 0 0.0

30.1 & above 0 0.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 119 59.5

5.1-10 65 32.5

10.1-20 12 6.0

20.1-30 2 1.0

30.1 & above 2 1.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 143 71.5

5.1-10 47 23.5

10.1-20 9 4.5

20.1-30 0 0.0

30.1 & above 1 0.5

Total 200 100.0

0-5 178 89.0

5.1-10 17 8.5

49


10.1-20 5 2.5

20.1-30 0 0.0

30.1 & above 0 0.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 173 86.5

5.1-10 22 11.0

10.1-20 3 1.5

20.1-30 1 0.5

30.1 & above 1 0.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 869 72.4

5.1-10 256 21.3

10.1-20 68 5.7

20.1-30 3 0.3

30.1 & above 4 0.3

Total 1200 100.0

Table 18: Percentage Difference in Organic Matter



0-5 27 13.5

5.1-10 10 5.0

10.1-20 42 21.0

20.1-30 25 12.5

30.1 & above 96 48.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 22 11.0

5.1-10 22 11.0

10.1-20 47 23.5

20.1-30 35 17.5

30.1 & above 74 37.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 18 9.0

5.1-10 14 7.0

10.1-20 33 16.5

20.1-30 34 17.0

30.1 & above 85 42.5

50

Missing 16 8.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 5 2.5

5.1-10 5 2.5

10.1-20 14 7.0

20.1-30 8 4.0

30.1 & above 168 84.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 77 38.5

5.1-10 38 19.0

10.1-20 29 14.5

20.1-30 18 9.0

30.1 & above 38 19.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 55 27.5

5.1-10 37 18.5

10.1-20 46 23.0

20.1-30 22 11.0

30.1 & above 40 20.0

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 204 17.0

5.1-10 126 10.5

10.1-20 211 17.6

20.1-30 142 11.8

30.1 & above 501 41.8

Missing 16 1.3

Total 1200 100.0

Table 19: Percentage Difference in Phosphorus


0-5 24 12.0

51


5.1-10 15 7.5

10.1-20 23 11.5

20.1-30 21 10.5

30.1 & above 117 58.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 14 7.0

5.1-10 10 5.0

10.1-20 28 14.0

20.1-30 18 9.0

30.1 & above 130 65.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 2 1.0

5.1-10 2 1.0

10.1-20 5 2.5

20.1-30 2 1.0

30.1 & above 173 86.5

Missing 16 8.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 17 8.5

5.1-10 7 3.5

10.1-20 21 10.5

20.1-30 15 7.5

30.1 & above 140 70.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 69 34.5

5.1-10 46 23.0

10.1-20 36 18.0

20.1-30 17 8.5

30.1 & above 32 16.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 41 20.5

5.1-10 48 24.0

10.1-20 47 23.5

20.1-30 24 12.0

30.1 & above 40 20.0

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 167 13.9

52

5.1-10 128 10.7

10.1-20 160 13.3

20.1-30 97 8.1

30.1 & above 632 52.7

Missing 16 1.3

Total 1200 100.0

Table 20: Percentage Difference in Potassium



0-5 18 9.0

5.1-10 7 3.5

10.1-20 20 10.0

20.1-30 20 10.0

30.1 & above 135 67.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 21 10.5

5.1-10 15 7.5

10.1-20 29 14.5

20.1-30 20 10.0

30.1 & above 115 57.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 16 8.0

5.1-10 11 5.5

10.1-20 24 12.0

20.1-30 24 12.0

30.1 & above 125 62.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 16 8.0

5.1-10 11 5.5

10.1-20 24 12.0

20.1-30 24 12.0

30.1 & above 125 62.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 96 48.0

5.1-10 19 9.5

10.1-20 37 18.5

53

20.1-30 17 8.5

30.1 & above 31 15.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 79 39.5

5.1-10 21 10.5

10.1-20 47 23.5

20.1-30 23 11.5

30.1 & above 30 15.0

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 246 20.5

5.1-10 84 7.0

10.1-20 181 15.1

20.1-30 128 10.7

30.1 & above 561 46.8

Total 1200 100.0

Table 21: Percentage Difference in Calcium Carbonate



0-5 13 6.5

5.1-10 15 7.5

10.1-20 24 12.0

20.1-30 22 11.0

30.1 & above 126 63.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 8 4.0

5.1-10 4 2.0

10.1-20 7 3.5

20.1-30 7 3.5

30.1 & above 174 87.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 0 0.0

5.1-10 2 1.0

10.1-20 5 2.5

20.1-30 4 2.0

30.1 & above 189 94.5

Total 200 100.0

54


0-5 12 6.0

5.1-10 10 5.0

10.1-20 25 12.5

20.1-30 11 5.5

30.1 & above 142 71.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 62 31.0

5.1-10 50 25.0

10.1-20 36 18.0

20.1-30 19 9.5

30.1 & above 33 16.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 30 15.0

5.1-10 29 14.5

10.1-20 50 25.0

20.1-30 37 18.5

30.1 & above 54 27.0

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 125 10.4

5.1-10 110 9.2

10.1-20 147 12.3

20.1-30 100 8.3

30.1 & above 718 59.8

Total 1200 100.0

Table 22: Percentage Difference in Zinc



0-5 20 10.0

5.1-10 15 7.5

10.1-20 39 19.5

20.1-30 24 12.0

55

30.1 & above 102 51.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 11 5.5

5.1-10 23 11.5

10.1-20 38 19.0

20.1-30 28 14.0

30.1 & above 100 50.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 12 6.0

5.1-10 12 6.0

10.1-20 32 16.0

20.1-30 25 12.5

30.1 & above 119 59.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 2 1.0

5.1-10 2 1.0

10.1-20 4 2.0

20.1-30 3 1.5

30.1 & above 189 94.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 44 22.0

5.1-10 47 23.5

10.1-20 60 30.0

20.1-30 23 11.5

30.1 & above 26 13.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 47 23.5

5.1-10 50 25.0

10.1-20 48 24.0

20.1-30 22 11.0

30.1 & above 33 16.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 136 11.3

5.1-10 149 12.4

10.1-20 221 18.4

20.1-30 125 10.4

30.1 & above 569 47.4

56

Total 1200 100.0

Table 23: Percentage Difference in Copper



0-5 11 5.5

5.1-10 17 8.5

10.1-20 35 17.5

20.1-30 33 16.5

30.1 & above 104 52.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 14 7.0

5.1-10 19 9.5

10.1-20 30 15.0

20.1-30 17 8.5

30.1 & above 120 60.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 9 4.5

5.1-10 11 5.5

10.1-20 16 8.0

20.1-30 18 9.0

30.1 & above 146 73.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 11 5.5

5.1-10 7 3.5

10.1-20 14 7.0

20.1-30 15 7.5

30.1 & above 153 76.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 48 24.0

5.1-10 43 21.5

10.1-20 63 31.5

20.1-30 20 10.0

30.1 & above 26 13.0

Total 200 100.0

0-5 29 14.5

5.1-10 34 17.0

57


10.1-20 62 31.0

20.1-30 38 19.0

30.1 & above 37 18.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 122 10.2

5.1-10 131 10.9

10.1-20 220 18.3

20.1-30 141 11.8

30.1 & above 586 48.8

Total 1200 100.0

Table 24: Percentage Difference in Iron



0-5 15 7.5

5.1-10 26 13.0

10.1-20 33 16.5

20.1-30 28 14.0

30.1 & above 98 49.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 9 4.5

5.1-10 18 9.0

10.1-20 29 14.5

20.1-30 30 15.0

30.1 & above 114 57.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 0 0.0

5.1-10 0 0.0

10.1-20 0 0.0

20.1-30 0 0.0

30.1 & above 200 100.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 7 3.5

5.1-10 8 4.0

10.1-20 8 4.0

20.1-30 11 5.5

30.1 & above 166 83.0

58

Total 200 100.0


0-5 63 31.5

5.1-10 41 20.5

10.1-20 42 21.0

20.1-30 13 6.5

30.1 & above 41 20.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 47 23.5

5.1-10 23 11.5

10.1-20 55 27.5

20.1-30 31 15.5

30.1 & above 44 22.0

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 141 11.8

5.1-10 116 9.7

10.1-20 167 13.9

20.1-30 113 9.4

30.1 & above 663 55.3

Total 1200 100.0

Table 25: Percentage Difference in Manganese



0-5 7 3.5

5.1-10 15 7.5

10.1-20 26 13.0

20.1-30 28 14.0

30.1 & above 124 62.0

Total 200 100.0

0-5 9 4.5

5.1-10 13 6.5

59


10.1-20 25 12.5

20.1-30 21 10.5

30.1 & above 132 66.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 6 3.0

5.1-10 9 4.5

10.1-20 17 8.5

20.1-30 21 10.5

30.1 & above 147 73.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 4 2.0

5.1-10 5 2.5

10.1-20 19 9.5

20.1-30 7 3.5

30.1 & above 165 82.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 62 31.0

5.1-10 42 21.0

10.1-20 46 23.0

20.1-30 20 10.0

30.1 & above 30 15.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 35 17.5

5.1-10 42 21.0

10.1-20 51 25.5

20.1-30 43 21.5

30.1 & above 29 14.5

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 123 10.3

5.1-10 126 10.5

10.1-20 184 15.3

20.1-30 140 11.7

30.1 & above 627 52.3

Total 1200 100.0

Table 26: Percentage Difference in Boron

60



0-5 19 9.5

5.1-10 20 10.0

10.1-20 32 16.0

20.1-30 34 17.0

30.1 & above 95 47.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 16 8.0

5.1-10 14 7.0

10.1-20 35 17.5

20.1-30 29 14.5

30.1 & above 106 53.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 1 .5

5.1-10 2 1.0

10.1-20 1 0.5

20.1-30 2 1.0

30.1 & above 194 97.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 4 2.0

5.1-10 3 1.5

10.1-20 4 2.0

20.1-30 7 3.5

30.1 & above 182 91.0

Total 200 100.0


0-5 55 27.5

5.1-10 41 20.5

10.1-20 42 21.0

20.1-30 33 16.5

30.1 & above 29 14.5

Total 200 100.0


0-5 25 12.5

5.1-10 26 13.0

10.1-20 54 27.0

20.1-30 43 21.5

30.1 & above 52 26.0

61

Total 200 100.0

Overall 0-5 120 10.0

5.1-10 106 8.8

10.1-20 168 14.0

20.1-30 148 12.3

30.1 & above 658 54.8

Total 1200 100.0

62

Annexure-2

PERFORMANCE AUDIT OF EXTENSION SERVICE 2.0 FARMER ... · PERFORMANCE AUDIT OF EXTENSION SERVICE 2.0...

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