The Senses The Olfactory and Optical/Visual Senses (Smell and Sight)
Perception : We perceive with our senses: smell, touch, sight . .
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Transcript of Perception : We perceive with our senses: smell, touch, sight . .
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Perception: We perceive with our senses:
smell, touch, sight . .
What meaning do we make of these perceptions?
• We use “mental maps” which include our beliefs of what is true, false, right, wrong, how we think of other things/life, etc.
• NB: there can be more than one map!
• How can we be sure that our mental map is “correct”?
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Mercator Projection: shows lines of true bearing
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Peters projection: shows accurate area
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The world is spherical, but maps are flat
• Mercator: developed for use at sea, 1569. Greenland appears to be the same size as Africa, yet Africa's land mass is actually fourteen times larger!
• Peters: 1970s, misrepresents distance everywhere except along 45 N & S. Peters's and all other cylindric projections are especially bad . . because east-west distances inevitably balloon toward the poles.
• “All maps distort distance, shape, area, or direction to present a map that meets the users' needs. No world projection is good at preserving distances everywhere”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peters_projection
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“The map is not the territory; the thing is not the thing named” (G. Bateson, 1979)
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“The map is not the territory; the thing is not the thing named”
(G. Bateson, 1979)
Can we gain knowledge, to be sure about something?
It’s not just something I believe in; I know it to be true!
List three things you are sure of.
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Truth matters!
• Historical truths
Did the Americans really land on the moon?
Was there an Armenian genocide in the early 20th C?
• Scientific truths
Does this medicine work?
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The ToK diagram
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w3 Pages & The ToK book
• w3 Subject pages – Theory of Knowledge
• R. van de Lagemaat, 2005. Theory of Knowledge for the IB Diploma. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge U.K.
• Introduction:
• The natural sciences: black boxes.
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“scientific method”
• Perception.
• Engage brain!
• Hypothesis: a suggested explanation . . .
. . . which must be tested.
• An experiment tests an hypothesis. Results either support, or falsify, the hypothesis.