Perception
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Transcript of Perception
Perception
Tamara ArringtonCOM 252
University of Kentucky & BCTC
Communication and Perception
•Perception is how I/you look at the world as individuals
•Basically the study of perception shows that we all see differently. Why?
•Sexual orientation? Age? Culture? Self Concept? Religion? Gender?Political party?
Perception and the WomenWhat do you see?
Now to the next slide. What do you see? First impression.
Perception and the Vase or ?So, what do you see?
Can you see both at the same time? Why or why not?
So, what have we learned so far about perception?
At least:
1. We can focus on only one thing at a time.
2. We see what we are.
3. Anything else?
The next slide adds to the list.
Accuracy and Inaccuracy of Perception
Is influenced by:1. First impression 2. That which is obvious3. Similar to us4. Negative5. Blaming the victim6. Stereotypes7. Attribution error8. Health or Fatigue9. Age10. Biological cycles11. Mood12. Sex and Gender Roles13. Occupation14. Culture
So, do men and women see differently or have unique perceptual screens?
Why? How?
In other words, is perception biological or cultural?
Does it matter? Why?
How does perception affect communication between men and women?
3 Stages of Perception
• Selection – selecting only certain stimuli (we would have overload if we didn’t) – often influenced by intensity, contrast, or CHANGE
• Organization – categorizing and sorting (like cubby holes in a mailroom)
• Interpretation – attaching meaning in an effort to “make sense” of it
Filters
Affect how we organize, process, and perceive information
4 Types of Filters
• Physiological – what we are physically able to perceive
• Psychological – predisposition to respond in a certain way
• Position in Space – location in time and space
• Past Experience – we perceive what we learn to perceive
Expectations & IdealsExpectations – what youthink/imagine will happen
Ideals - The way youthink people shouldbehave and how“things ought to be”.
The Obvious
• Intense• Unusual• Repetitious• Attention-grabbing
Your Past
Expectations of how people do behave and what you expect of others in a given situation
Travel
College education
Past relationships
Self-Concept
Beliefs about who you are or would like to be and what you expect of others in this situation
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Expectations & Obligations
What you think others expect of you in this situation
Sentiments
Your loyalties, prejudices, likes, and dislikes of individuals or groups
Stereotyping
Applying generalizations to everyone (generally negative)
The average Kentuckian?Al Jolson in blackface
Stereotyping is a Four-Step Process
1) Begins by categorizing people into groups2) Infer that all people in a category possess
similar traits or characteristics3) Form expectations of others and interpret
their behavior according to stereotypes4) Stereotypes are maintained
First ImpressionsHalo-Effect
Regarding things in a more positive regard based on first impressions
Fact/Inference
Confusing the “known” with the “believed”
Primacy/Recency
We remember that which occurred first & last
How can we perceive others more accurately?
Perception Checking
• Describe the behavior• Give two possible
interpretations of that behavior
• Request clarification about how to interpret that behavior.
Empathy
“the ability to recreate another person’s perspective, and to experience the world from his/her point of view”
The “empathy belly”
Empathy• Perspective taking• Emotional contagion• Genuine concern
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