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Transcript of Pentateuch Class 1 - Jono
7/28/2019 Pentateuch Class 1 - Jono
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The Five Books o f Moses
© John Stevenson, 2012
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Course Objectives• Gain an appreciation for the books of the
Pentateuch and their relevance both to the restof the Old Testament message as well as to
Christian ministry today.
• Exhibit an understanding of the flow of thought
and major turning points in the books thatmake up the Pentateuch.
• Demonstrate a familiarity with the historical,
cultural, and theological background of thePentateuch.
• Gain an understanding of the key themes
introduced in the Pentateuch and how they
relate to the rest of the Biblical message.
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Course Objectives• Identify geographical locations
– Designate geographical & political entities
• Trace the flow of Biblical history
• Biblical Cosmology
• Appreciate Jesus more• Patriarchal system
• Assess apodictic law
• Gain an appreciation of linguistic studies fromarchaeological discoveries – that will help us
appreciate & enjoy the Bible more!
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Papyrus
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Parchment
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Ostraca: Clay
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Clay tablets
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TorahHebrew: “Law,
Instruction”
PentateuchGreek: “Five-Part
Book”
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Mosaic Authorship of Genesis
• Moses was qualified to write the
book of Genesis.
• The Style of Genesis reflects an
Egyptian influence.
• The unity of the book of Genesis
reflects a single author.
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Mesopotamia
Egypt
Hatti
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Mesopotamia
Egypt
Hatti
LandBridge
DESERT
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Canaan
Hittites
Assyria
Egypt
Babylon
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• Central MountainRange
• The Coastal Plain
• Jordan Rift Valley
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• Central MountainRange
• The Coastal Plain
• Jordan Rift Valley
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• The Valley of
Jezreel • The Yarmuk River
Gilead
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• The Valley of
Jezreel • The Yarmuk River • The Jabbok River
Gilead
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• The Valley of
Jezreel • The Yarmuk River • The Jabbok River
Gilead
• The Arnon River
Moab
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• The King’s
Highway
• The Way of the Sea (the
Way of the
Philistines)
Jericho
Megiddo
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Climate of Canaan
• Mediterranean Climate
• Dependent upon winter rains –Early Rains: October
–Later Rains: April
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What are the Overarching
themes of the Pentateuch?
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Book of Genesis
• Gives us the prologue - setting for the
Pentateuch
• without Genesis we wouldn’t
understand why God cares for these
people.
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3 major journeys from
– Egypt to Sinai
– Sinai to Kadesh
– Kadesh – Moab
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E-S-K-M (eskimo‟s)• Egypt – Sinai- Kadesh Barnea – plains of Moab
• Law giving at SINAI – KADESH – PLAINS
MOAB.
• SINAI – Leviticus/ numbers 13 to 20
• Kadesh – they try to enter the land but fail. – God judges them and then reveals himself in LAWS –
– Num. 15 – When you enter the land I‟m giving you- shows god‟s
faithfulness.
• Plains of Moab: – Israelites dying in the wilderness – from Kadesh to Moab
– In the plains of Moab – they have a new generation...
T th i i f G d‟
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NumbersRelates the wilderness
wanderings
Deuteronomy
Gives the Law to a new
generation with special
emphasis to those entering the
land
GenesisTraces the origins of God‟s
people from creation to Egypt
ExodusRelates God‟s deliverance of Israel from Egypt and
establishing His covenant
Leviticus Sets forth the Laws of worship
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Pentateuch
• partial fulfilment of the covenantal promise
(blessing of the patriarchs )
1.Posterity – descendants – Dominant Genesis 12-50
2.Divine-human relationship –
– Dominant in Exodus and Leviticus3.Land –
– dominant in Numbers and Deuteronomy
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What is the Big Idea of theentire Pentateuch?
What is the Big Idea of theentire Old Testament?
Ti l f h B k f
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Title for the Book of
GENESIS
• The Hebrew Title: tyviareB. (BeReshyth);
“In the Beginning”
• Greek Title: GenesiV - “Beginnings”
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“These are the generations…”
• Hebrew: tAdl.At hL,ae - Elleh toledoth
• Ten sets
• History of account follows: “Theseare the things that followed…”
Adam
Abraham
Israel
Genesis 2:4 – 11:26 Genesis 11:27 – 50:26
5 Toledoth from
Adam to Abraham
5 Toledoth from
Abraham to Israel
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Toledot
• generations, history, genealogy• means THIS IS WHAT BECAME OF THE
OWNER OF THE TOLEDOT .
– Toledot of Terah – terah‟s son Abraham...what became of the Toledot of Terah.
– Toledot of Jacob is more about Joseph
– Toledot of Esau- follows the story of the
edomites...
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There is an ALTERNATION
Between the
– Narrative – genealogy
– Narrative – genealogy
– Narrative - Genealogy
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2 P t i h l Hi t
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2. Patriarchal History• Narrative: Major Patriarch #6 Toledot of Terah
(the Abraham Narrative) (11:27- 25;11)• Genealogy: Minor Figure #7 Toledot of Ishmael
(25:12-18)
• Narrative Major Patriarch: #8 Toledot of Isaac –
Isaac- Jacob Cycle (25:19 - 35:29)
• Genealogy: Minor Patriarchal Figure (Oldest Son)
: #9 Toledot of Esau (36: 1 – 43)
• Narrative: Major Patriarch: #10 Toledot of Jacob – Jacob – Joseph Cycle (37:2 – 50:26)
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Readers Today
Moses Israelites
Bible
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CREATION
• It‟s Context is the ancient Near EasternCosmologies (ANE cosmologies)
• Who is it written for?:
– Not written for us re: science – Moses - got time to write in Sinai and Kadesh
– Who lives in the land of canaan
• Mono substance:
– Everything, matter and material as well as
spirit was all from ONE substance.
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Important!!
• Moses GOES OUT OF ITS WAY TO
DISTINGUISH GOD FROM CREATION
• Even the Spirit of God is not part of the creation
– He is not part or in the waters
• THEOGENIES –
– Sun = Shemesh
– Moon = Yarich
E l
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Example:
Babylonian Creation Account• Enuma Elish
• Seven Tablets
• World begins in
chaos
• Marduk fights
Tiamat
• Heavens and
earth created
from her body
E Eli h G i A t
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Ennuma Elish
Tiamat engulfs world
in a primal chaos.
Genesis Account
The world was
unformed and unfilled.Light comes from the
gods.
God brings light into
existence.
Marduk makes thestars of the zodiac and
ordains the year.
God sets sun andmoon for signs,
seasons, days, and
years.Marduk makes man
from the blood of
Kingu.
God creates man in
His own image and
likeness.
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Moses is giving to us a refutation of the
accepted mythos that was held in
antiquity as he goes point by point toshow that God is the true Creator of
heaven and earth.
Ennuma Elish Genesis Account
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Genesis 1:1
In the beginning God created theheavens and the earth.
Elohim
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Genesis 1:1
In the beginning God created theheavens and the earth.
bara
• An initial act of creation.
• A summary statement of the entire
chapter.
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Theories of Creation
• Supernatural versus Evolutionary.
• A Superficial Appearance of History.
• The Gap Theory.
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Genesis 1:2
And the earth was formless and void,and darkness was over the surface of thedeep, and the Spirit of God was movingover the surface of the waters.
6 Days of
Re-creation
Original
Creation
Formless
& Void
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The verb hayeta inGenesis 1:2 can be
translated “became” sothat we could read that
“the earth became without form and void.”
The normal renderingof hayeta is “was” and
indicates a state of being.
Support Objections
Tohu wabohu (“formless and void”)
are a destructionwhich took place after God‟s original creation
(Jer. 4:23, Isa. 34:11).
Tohu wabohu (“formless and void”)
can just as easilydescribe an
unconstructed state.
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Isaiah 45:18 says thatGod did not create the
earth void (tohu) while
Genesis 1:2 says that
the earth was now
void. It is reasoned
that the earth must
have come to be inthis manner after its
original creation.
Isaiah 45:18 simplytells us that God‟s
intention for the earthin its completed form
was that it would notbe tohu, but rather thatit might be inhabited.The prophet is simply
stating the purpose of creation.
Support Objections
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The darkness whichcharacterized the
formless and void
condition is indicative
of evil.
Darkness does notalways indicate evil.
Both light anddarkness existed upon
the finished earth andit was still said to be
good.
Support Objections
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Theories of Creation
• Supernatural versus Evolutionary.
• A Superficial Appearance of History.
• The Gap Theory.
• The Day/Age Theory.
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The word “day” –”yom”is sometimes used in
the Scriptures to
describe a period of
time longer than a 24
hour period (“the day
of the Lord”).
The word “day” doesnot normally refer to
an extended period of time when it appears
with a modifier (1stday, 2nd day, etc).
Support Objections
2 Peter 3:8 states that
with the Lord one day
is as a thousand
years.
These days are clearly
defined in Genesis 1:5when God calls the
light day and the
darkness night.
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The sun and the moonare not created until
the 4th day. This
indicates that the
previous days are not
literal.
The very purpose of the sun was to rule
over the day while themoon was to rule over
the night.
Support Objections
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Theories of Creation
• Supernatural versus Evolutionary.
• A Superficial Appearance of History.
• The Gap Theory.
• The Day/Age Theory.
• Chaos theory
G i 1 2
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Genesis 1:2
And the earth was formless and void,and darkness was over the surface of thedeep, and the Spirit of God was movingover the surface of the waters.
6 + 1 – pattern
3 + 3 +1 pattern
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Unformed Unfilled
Day 1: Light Day 4: Light-bearers(sun, moon, stars)
Day 2: Water & sky
divided
Day 5: Fish & birds to
fill water & sky
Day 3: Dry land &
vegetation
Day 6: Land animals
& man
Day 7: Sabbath Rest
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Theories of Creation
• Supernatural versus Evolutionary.
• A Superficial Appearance of History.
• The Gap Theory.
• The Day/Age Theory.
• Chaos theory
• Literal interpretation
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And God saw that the
light was good ; and
God separated the
light from the
darkness. 5 And God
called the light day,and the darkness He
called night. And there
was evening and therewas morning, one day.
(Genesis 1:4-5).
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Textual Formula in Genesis 1
• God‟s creative statement: And God said...
• The fiat: “Let there be...”
• The creative act: And there was light...
• A declaration that the creation was good:
God saw that it was good .
• The time limits of that creative period: And
there was evening and there was
morning...
• The numerical listing of that day: One day.
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GOODNESS
• It‟s repeated SEVEN times?
• WHY?
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The Sabbath
• Given as a memorial to the work of God in
creation.
• Served as a memorial of God‟s redemption.
“You shall remember that you were a slavein the land of Egypt, and the LORD your
God brought you out of there by a mighty
hand and by an outstretched arm; thereforethe LORD your God commanded you to
observe the Sabbath day.” (Deuteronomy
5:15)
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The Sabbath
• Given as a memorial to the work of God in
creation.
• Served as a memorial of God‟s redemption.
• The Sabbath was designed to be a shadow
of things to come and not as an end unto
itself.
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Therefore let no one act as your judge in
regard to food or drink or in respect to a
festival or a new moon or a Sabbath day--
17 things which are a mere shadow of what is to come; but the substance belongs to
Christ. (Colossians 2:16-17).
Genesis 1:26 27
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Genesis 1:26-27The God said, “Let Us make man
in Our image, according to Our likeness; and let them rule over the fish
of the sea and over the birds of the sky
and over the cattle and over all the
earth, and over every creeping thingthat creeps on the earth.”
And God created man in His own
image, in the image of God He createdhim; male and female He created
them. (Genesis 1:26-27).
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C t d Ki d C t d Ki
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Created Kingdoms Created Kings
Day 1: Light &Darkness Day 4: Light-bearersto rule day & night
Day 2: Division of
waters into sky &sea
Day 5: Birds to rule
the sky and fish torule the sea
Day 3: Dry land &
vegetation
Day 6: Land animals
& man as ruler
Creator King
Day 7: The King takes His Rest
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Why are there two creationaccounts?
Clue: what are the major differences?
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CAIN’S DESCENT INTO SIN (4 1 4 24)
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CAIN’S DESCENT INTO SIN: (4:1 4:24)
• Impiety
• Ander without just cause• Jealousy
• Deception
• Murder
• Falsehood
• Self-seeking. Self pity
• Secular
• Polygamy• Wanton violent destruction of human life
• Complete independence from God
• Climax (Moral Nadir)
G i 2 1 3
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Genesis 2:1-3
Thus the heavens and the earthwere completed, and all their hosts.
2 By the seventh day God completed
His work which He had done, and
He rested on the seventh day from
all His work which He had done.
3 Then God blessed the seventh day
and sanctified it, because in it Herested from all His work which God
had created and made.
Genesis 2 4
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Genesis 2:4
This is the account of theheavens and the earth when they
were created, in the day that the
LORD God made earth and heaven.
~yhil{a/
hw"hy>
(Yahweh Elohim)
Genesis 2:5
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Genesis 2:5
Now no shrub of the field wasyet in the earth, and no plant of the
field had yet sprouted, for the LORD
God had not sent rain upon the
earth; and there was no man to
cultivate the ground.
Genesis 2:5
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Genesis 2:5
Now no shrub of the field wasyet in the earth, and no plant of the
field had yet sprouted, for the LORD
God had not sent rain upon the
earth; and there was no man to
cultivate the ground.
• No rain (corrected in verse 6).
• No man (corrected in verse 7).
Genesis 2:6
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Genesis 2:6
But a mist used to rise from theearth and water the whole surface of
the ground.
Genesis 2:7
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Genesis 2:7
Then the LORD God formedman of dust from the ground, and
breathed into his nostrils the breath
of life; and man became a living
being.
hm'd'a] Adamah
~d'a'
Adam
Genesis 2:7
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Genesis 2:7
Then the LORD God formedman of dust from the ground, and
breathed into his nostrils the breath
of life; and man became a living
being.
Literally: “breath of lives”
Genesis 2:8
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Genesis 2:8
The LORD God planted agarden toward the east, in Eden; and
there He placed the man whom He
had formed.
The word edenu in Akkadian means “garden”
or “paradise.”
Creation complete: Heavens & earth created;
G d fi i h d Hi k (1 3)
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God finished His work (1-3)
Man created: Formed from dust (4-9)
Trees & Rivers in garden given names (9-14)
Genesis 2:9
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Genesis 2:9
Out of the ground the LORDGod caused to grow every tree that
is pleasing to the sight and good for
food; the tree of life also in the midst
of the garden, and the tree of the
knowledge of good and evil.
Now a river flowed out of Eden to water
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Now a river flowed out of Eden to water
the garden; and from there it divided and
became four rivers (Genesis 2:10).
• Pishon (around the whole
land of Havilah)
• Gihon (around the whole
land of Cush)
• Tigris (east of Assyria)
• Euphrates
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There is a river whose streams
make glad the city of God,The holy dwelling places of the
Most High. (Psalm 46:4).
And the LORD God commanded the man
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And the LORD God commanded the man,
saying, "From any tree of the garden you may eat
freely; 17 but from the tree of the knowledge of good
and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat
from it you shall surely die.“ (Genesis 2:16-17)
Creation complete: Heavens & earth created;
God finished His ork (1 3)
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God finished His work (1-3)
Man created: Formed from dust (4-9)
Trees & Rivers in garden given names (9-14)
Man assigned task of guarding & keeping the
garden (15)
Forbidden fruit (16-17)
Genesis 2:18
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Genesis 2:18
Then the LORD God said, “It isnot good for the man to be alone; I
will make him a helper suitable for
him.”
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Verse 18
It is not goodthat man
should be
alone
Verses 19-20 Verses 21-22
The need for
a companion
for the man
Creation andnaming of the
animals
The
inadequacy of
the animals for this
companionship
Creation of thewoman
The providing
of the woman
as a companionfor the man
Creation complete: Heavens & earth created;
God finished His work (1 3)
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God finished His work (1-3)
Man created: Formed from dust (4-9)
Trees & Rivers in garden given names (9-14)
Man assigned task of guarding & keeping the
garden (15)
Forbidden fruit (16-17)
Man in need of a helper: not good to be alone
(18)
Animals in garden are given names (19-20)Woman created: Formed from rib (21-24)
Creation complete: Man & woman naked &
unashamed in presence of God (25)
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Events leading
up to the fall
Genesis 3:1-6
• Serpentintroduced
• Temptation
• Sin
Genesis 3:7-24
Results of the
fall
• God‟s pointedquestioning
• Curse of sin
• Coats of skin• Banishment
from the garden
Genesis 3:1
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Genesis 3:1
Now the serpent was morecrafty than any beast of the field
which the LORD God had made.
And he said to the woman,“Indeed, has God said, „You shall
not eat from any tree of the
garden‟?”
Genesis 3:2 3
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Genesis 3:2-3
The woman said to theserpent, “From the fruit of the
trees of the garden we may eat; 3
but from the fruit of the tree whichis in the middle of the garden, God
has said, „You shall not eat from it
or touch it, or you will die.‟”
Genesis 3:4-5
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Genesis 3:4-5
The serpent said to thewoman, “You surely will not die! 5
For God knows that in the day you
eat from it your eyes will beopened, and you will be like God,
knowing good and evil.”
Genesis 3:6
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Genesis 3:6
When the woman saw thatthe tree was good for food, and
that it was a delight to the eyes,
and that the tree was desirable tomake one wise, she took from its
fruit and ate; and she gave also to
her husband with her, and he ate.
Genesis 3:7
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Genesis 3:7
Then the eyes of both of them were opened, and they knew
that they were naked; and they
sewed fig leaves together andmade themselves loin coverings.
Genesis 3:8
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Genesis 3:8
They heard the sound of theLORD God walking in the garden
in the cool of the day, and the
man and his wife hid themselvesfrom the presence of the LORD
God among the trees of the
garden.
Genesis 3:9
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Genesis 3:9
Then the LORD God calledto the man, and said to him,
“Where are you?”
Genesis 3:10-12
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Genesis 3:10 12
He said, “I heard the soundof You in the garden, and I wasafraid because I was naked; so Ihid myself.” 11 And He said, “Who
told you that you were naked?Have you eaten from the tree of which I commanded you not toeat?” 12 The man said, “The woman whom You gave to be withme, she gave me from the tree,and I ate.”
Genesis 3:13
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Genesis 3:13
Then the LORD God said tothe woman, “What is this you have
done?” And the woman said, “The
serpent deceived me, and I ate.”
Theman Thewoman TheserpentBlames Blames
Genesis 3:14
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Genesis 3:14
The LORD God said to theserpent, “Because you have done
this, Cursed are you more than all
cattle, And more than every beastof the field; On your belly you will
go, And dust you will eat All the
days of your life…”
Genesis 3:15
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Genesis 3:15
“And I will put enmityBetween you and the woman,
And between your seed and her
seed;He shall bruise you on the head,
And you shall bruise him on the
heel.”
Seed of the WomanSeed of the Serpent
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Satan Jesus Christ
His head bruisedon the cross
(A fatal wound)
His heel bruisedon the cross
(Humanity)
Seed of the WomanSeed of the Serpent
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Satan Jesus Christ
His head bruisedon the cross His heel bruisedon the cross
Seed of the WomanSeed of the Serpent
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Abel & SethCain
Lamech
Enoch
Noah
ShemHam
AbrahamCanaan
Seed of the WomanSeed of the Serpent
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Ishmael Isaac
Abraham
JacobEsau
Whose Seed
are You?
Genesis 3:16
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Genesis 3:16
To the woman He said,“I will greatly multiply your pain in
childbirth,
In pain you will bring forthchildren;
Yet your desire will be for your
husband,
And he will rule over you.”
Genesis 3:16
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Genesis 3:16
To the woman He said,“I will greatly multiply your pain in
childbirth,
In pain you will bring forthchildren;
Yet your desire will be for your
husband,
And he will rule over you.”
Genesis 3:17
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Genesis 3:17
Then to Adam He said,“Because you have listened to the
voice of your wife, and have eaten
from the tree about which Icommanded you, saying, 'You
shall not eat from it';
Cursed is the ground because of
you;In toil you will eat of it All the days
of your life….”
Genesis 3:18-19
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Genesis 3:18 19
“Both thorns and thistles it shallgrow for you;
And you will eat the plants of the
field;19 By the sweat of your face You
will eat bread,
Till you return to the ground,
Because from it you were taken;For you are dust,
And to dust you shall return.”
Genesis 3:18-19
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Genesis 3:18 19
“Both thorns and thistles it shallgrow for you;
And you will eat the plants of the
field;19 By the sweat of your face You
will eat bread,
Till you return to the ground,
Because from it you were taken;For you are dust,
And to dust you shall return.”
Examples of Retributive Irony
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p y
More crafty than
any beast of thefield...
The
Serpent
...is now made
lower than all of theother animals.
Bruises Christ on
the heel...
Satan ...is bruised on the
head.
Desires to rule
her husband...
The
Woman
...finds that he shall
rule over her.
Made of dustwho would rise to
be like God...
Man ...is returned todust again.
Warren Gage
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For the creation was subjected to futility,
not of its own will, but because of Him whosubjected it, in hope 21 that the creation
itself also will be set free from its slavery to
corruption into the freedom of the glory of the children of God. 22 For we know that the
whole creation groans and suffers the
pains of childbirth together until now.(Romans 8:20-21).
Genesis 3:20
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Genesis 3:20
Now the man called hiswife‟s name Eve, because she
was the mother of all the living.
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Examples of Redemptive Irony
Who was
tempted to sin...
The
woman
...becomes the
mother of all
living.
Will die on a
cross...
The God-
man
...to bring life to
many.
Genesis 3:21
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The LORD God madegarments of skin for Adam and his
wife, and clothed them.
• Taken by the shedding of blood
• Innocent substitutes
• Replaced fig leave of human righteousness
Genesis 3:22-23
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Then the LORD God said,“Behold, the man has become like
one of Us, knowing good and evil;
and now, he might stretch out his
hand, and take also from the tree
of life, and eat, and live forever” --
23 therefore the LORD God sent
him out from the garden of Eden,to cultivate the ground from which
he was taken.
Genesis 3:24
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So He drove the man out;and at the east of the garden of
Eden He stationed the cherubim
and the flaming sword which
turned every direction to guard the
way to the tree of life.
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Adam
He has been
banished from
the garden.
The People of Israel
They have departed from
the “garden of Egypt” and
are now in the Sinai
Wilderness.
Adam leaves the
garden by the
eastern route.
The Israelites also leave
Egypt by the eastern
route.
Water
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Flaming Altar
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