PBL  –  CASE  2  

SYSTEM  DESIGN  §  Information  system  will  be  built  by  the  project  

team  from  scratch,  to  be  flexible  and  creative  in  the  way  to  solve  business  problem.    

§  System  design  can  be  divided  into  general  systems  design  and  detailed  system  design.  

§  General  System  Design  is  the  stage  where  an  overall  system  design  is  created  or  made  and  this  may  include  the  software  to  use  whether  it  can  be  purchased  off  the  shelf  and  software  requires  to  be  developed.  ú  Hattan  does  not  need  to  start  from  scratch  seeing  

that  there  is  plethora  of  accounting  software  available.    

Cont..  §  Detailed  System  Design  also  known  as  physical  

system  design,  whereby  it  is  an  extension  of  general  design.  This  is  the  stage  where  system  design  is  finely  tuned.  ú  From  the  case,  we  understood  that  management  needs  

weekly  reports  and  only  monthly  transactions  are  recorded    

§  During  this  detailed  design,  input  ,  output,  interface  between  users  and  the  computer,  database,  network,  program  and  controls  are  defined  and  documented  

§  There  are  several  ways  to  approach  the  creation  of  a  new  system:  ú  Buy  ready-­‐made  package  software  system  and  customize  

it  ú  Outsourcing  ú  End  user  development  

Cont…  

§  In   this   case   study,   Hattan’s   Uncle   insist   to  develop   an   internal   system.   Hattan   decide  to  build  the  system  using  Ms  Access  that  he  learns   from   the   AIS   course.   To   build   the  system  Hattan  must  have  the  project  team.  

 

INFORMATION  SYSTEMS  OF  PROJECT  TEAM  §  People  who  involve  in  developing  information  

system  for  examples;  ú  Users,   business  analyst,   system  analyst,   infrastructure  

analyst,   change   management   analyst   and   project  manager  

§  End  users  ú  End  user  will  be  directly  interact  with  the  information  

system  ú  They  supply  data  and  receive  information  from  the  

information  system       Cik  JM  –  is  an  accounts  clerk  will  use  the  information  system  more  than  other  user  

   She  will  directly  supply  data  and  receive  information  from  the  information  system  

 

Cont…  

§  Business  Analyst  ú  Will   plan   the   design   and   design   the   phases   in  

analysing   the   business   aspects   and   issues  surrounding  the  information  system  

ú  Most  of  business  analyst  will  likely  have  business  experience  and  some  type  of  professional  training     Cik  Nona  –  is  an  Account  Manager  of  Hattan’s  Uncle  Business  

   She  might  be  the  business  analyst  because  she  knows  everything   about   the   company’s   procedure   and  policies  

   She   also   has   more   experiences   and   professional  training  in  accounting    

 

Cont..  

§  Systems  Analyst  ú  Focuses  on  improving  business  processes,  design  information  system  and  create  new  business  processes  and  ensure  it  comply  with  the  standard     Hattan  –  who  has  an  accounting  background     He  realized  that  the  company  needs  a  proper  information  system  regarding  to  the  uncollectible  debts  

   He  also  the  one  who  suggest  to  Cik  Nona  about  the  needs  of  the  company  to  computerised  the  billing  and  collection  system  

Cont..  

§  Infrastructure  Analyst  ú  Identifies  and  implement  infrastructure  changes  on  issues  e.g  hardware,  software,  database  and  network  

ú  Has  significant  training  and  experience  on  information  technology     Ah  Beng  –  who  own  a  consultancy  company  can  be  the  infrastructure  analyst  for  this  project  

   Since  the  company  do  not  have  an  expert  in  IT,  they  should  hire  Ah  Beng  because  he  has  more  knowledge  about  IT  and  can  be  monitor  the  infrastructure  changes  on  technical  issues.  

 

Cont..  §  Change  Management  Analyst  

ú  Focus  on  people  and  management  issues.  ú  Must  have  significant  training  and  experience  in  

organizational  behaviour  in  general     The  company  should  hire  other  people  to  ensure  that  adequate  documentation  and  support  is  available  to  users,  providing  user  training  on  the  new  system  and  developing  strategies  to  overcome  resistance  to  change  

 

§  Project  Manager  ú  Monitoring  the  whole  project  development  from  the  

beginning  to  the  end       Hattan  –  since  Hattan  found  out  the  problem  in  the  company  and  suggests  to  the  company  to  develop  a  system,  he  is  preferable  to  be  a  project  manager  

   He  is  going  to  prepare  a  proposal  to  be  accepted  by  his  uncle.  So,  he  will  monitor  all  works  from  the  start  to  the  end.  

Cont..  

§  Advantages  using  the  End  User  Develop:  ú  Is  reduce  the  communication  problem  ú  Development  is  speeded  up  ú  Reduce  of  users  changing  their  requirement  during  the  

development  process  §  Disadvantages  

ú  Not  allow  the  end  user  to  develop  systems  that  will  affect  other  parts  of  the  information  systems  or  other  end  user  in  the  organization  

ú  The  end  user  are  restricted  to  use  PC  based  applications  limited  to  their  department  

ú  The  system  is  not  integrated  into  the  organization’s  information  processing.    

Designing  database  

§  Important  to  determine  the  purpose  of  the  database  ú  To  solve  the  main  problem  of  the  case  where  the  

company  facing  a  huge  uncollectable  bills  and  the  number  keeps  increasing.  

§  To  identify  the  entities  and  determine  the  types  of  relationship  that  exist  among  the  entities  

§  To  Draw  the  Entity  Relationship  Diagram  and  convert  it  into  a  relational  database  involves  creating  tables  for  each  entity,  identifying  attributes  for  each  table  and  normalizing  the  table.  

 

DATABASE  DESIGN  GUIDELINES  

§  Determine  the  purpose  of  the  database  ú  The  purpose  of  creating  this  database  is  to  record  all  the  data  systematically  

ú  To  update  the  information  consistently  ú  Creating  a  medium  of  effective  interaction  between  entity  and  customers  could  be  established  

Cont..  §  Identify  the  entities  

ú  Entity  is  any  class  of  objects  about  which  data  and  information  are  collected.  

ú  It  can  be  person  (employee),  Place,  thing  (Product)  or  an  event  (sale).  

ú  Entities  in  the  Entity  Relationship  Diagram  use  rectangular  symbols  and  are  labelled  with  singular  nouns.  

ú  Examples:    

Cont..  §  Determine  the  relationships  among  entities  

ú  Relationships  are  used  to  describe  how  entities  are  associated.  

ú  There  are  three  types  of  relationships  that  exist  between  entities.  There  are;     One  –  to  –  one  (1:1)  

   

   One  –to-­‐many  (1:M)    

    Many-­‐to-­‐many  

     

Cont..  

§  Draw  the  Entity  Relationship  Diagram  (ERD)  ú  Graphically  shows  the  various  entities  and  the  important  or  the  relationships  among  other  entities.  

ú  Acting  as  communication  tools  between  users  and  the  database  designer      

ú  Examples;  

   

1.  Product  

Account  

2.  Customer  

Sales  Order  4.  Invoices  

Product  Detail  

Own  

Sales  by  

Consist  of  

Generates  

Has  

Acquire  

Perform  by  

3.  Sales  Person  

Electrical  App  

Furniture  

4.  Invoices  

Primary  Keys  

§  These  are  the  primary  keys  for  given  table:  

         *    Customer  ID    

   *    Product  ID    

     *    Sales  Person  ID    

Salesperson  Form  §  Given  form  will  display  the  photo  ID,  Name,  

Address,  Contact  No,  Start  date  and  Basic  Pay  for  the  specific  person.  

Customer  Form  §  Enables  to  view  customer  information  as  given:  

Product  Form  §  Enables  to  record  new  product  and  update  record  on  existing  product.  

Sales  Form  §  Resembles  an  invoice  and  auto  filled  which  makes  the  processing  of  the  invoice  easier.    

Queries  Form  §  Based  on  the  given  queries,  report  can  be  generate  and  be  use  for  decision  making.    

Queries  Form  §  Based  on  the  given  queries,  report  can  be  generate  and  be  use  for  decision  making.    

How  Much  is  the  total  sales  recorded  by  each  product  and  the  total  sales  amount  for  the  month?  Sales  Report  given:  

How  much  is  the  total  sales  amount  recorded  by  each  salesperson  in  a  particular  month?  Sales  commission  given  

below:  

Commission  For  Sales  Person  For  The  Month    

Commission  For  The  Month  

List  of  all  unpaid  invoices  

List  of  unpaid  invoices:  with  a  checked-­‐box  placed  next  to  the  list.  

Invoice  for  Customer  

Invoice  for  Customer  

Product  Report  listing  all  the  available  product  group  (according  to  categories)  

Customer  Report  :    in  alphabetical  order  

User  Interface  

§  User  interface  design  requires  an  understanding  of  Human-­‐Computer  Interaction  (HCI)  and  user-­‐centered  design  principles.  

§  Also  help  user  to  navigate  the  system.  §  Below  are  switchboard  given  that  links  to  the  forms,  queries  and  reports:  

     

THANK    YOU