Pavlovian (Classical) Conditioning. Example: “Bell” and Food CS US URCR Later Trials CS US UR...
-
Upload
rafael-hayman -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Pavlovian (Classical) Conditioning. Example: “Bell” and Food CS US URCR Later Trials CS US UR...
Example: “Bell” and Food
CS
US
URCR
Later Trials
CS
US
UR
First Few Trials
Time
CS = bellUS = foodUR = salivation
CR = salivation
Central Players
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
Initially “potent” – Initially elicits a response (inside or outside)
Initially “neutral” – Does not initially trigger same response as does the US
Lights, sounds, tastes, odors, etc.
After pairings with the US, elicits a conditioned response
Food USPositive Emotion (inside and hidden)Salivation (outside and observable)
Early Experiments
• Stefan Wolfsohn:– Dog learns to salivate at the sight of sand
before it is placed in the dog’s mouth
• Anton Snarsky:– Dog learns to salivate at the sight of black
liquid (acid) before it is placed in the dog’s mouth (Pavlov’s interpretation: “higher thinking!”)
Autoshaping (Sign Tracking)
When a localized CS and a “pleasurable” US are paired, a CR is sometimes directed at the CS.
PigeonsCR: peck key light CS
Rats
key light CS food US
insert lever CS food USCR: lick lever
Not Reward (Instrumental) Learning
• Long-box autoshaping
• Omission training
Form of the CR in Sign Tracking
From Jenkins & Moore, 1973
US = Water (note the closed beak)
US = Food (note the open beak)
video
Conclusions
• 1. Conditioned behaviour is “evoked” by the CS, it is not “chosen” by the organism
• 2. The situation, species, and procedures used can affect whether animals approach the CS or the US in appetitive conditioning.
Drug Conditioning Trial 1
Euphoria
Dealer, copping corner, corner syringes, needles, cotton balls, lighters, rubber tying-off cords and stainless-steel spoons
Pre-Drug CSs Drug US
heroin
Trial 2
heroinEuphoria
Pre-Drug CSs
Dealer, copping corner, corner syringes, needles, cotton balls, lighters, rubber tying-off cords and stainless-steel spoons
Pre-Drug CSs Drug US
Trial 10
heroinEuphoria
Dealer, copping corner, corner syringes, needles, cotton balls, lighters, rubber tying-off cords and stainless-steel spoons
Pre-Drug CSs Drug US
Pain tolerance
Opioid-induced unconditioned
hypoalgesia
Opioid-induced hyperalgesiaOpioid administration
Opioids and Pain Tolerance
Opiate Addiction
Administration
• Hyperthermia
• Decreased Blood Pressure
• Skin Flushed and Warm
• Meiosis
• Drying of Secretions
• Respiratory Depression
• Antitussive
• Relaxation
Withdrawal
• Hypothermia
• Increased Blood Pressure
• Chilliness and Gooseflesh
• Mydriasis
• Lacrimination
• Yawning and Panting
• Sneezing
• Restlessness
Some Controlled Experiments
• Mor-ROOM/Sal-CAGE– Morphine in a distinctive room– Saline in the home cage
• Mor-CAGE/Sal-ROOM– morphine in the home cage– saline in a distinctive room
• Saline– saline in both environments
Conditioning Trials
• Acquisition curve
• Non-linear
• Asymptote
Conditioning Trials
CR
Str
engt
h
asymptote
Extinction of Tolerance
Group Extinction (M-P-M) 6 E-M 6 E-P
Test E-M?Group No Extinction (M-rest-M)6 E-M Rest in home Cage
Discrimination
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
Trials
Re
sp
on
se
Str
en
gth
CS+
CS-