Patterson ch13
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Transcript of Patterson ch13
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-2
Origin and Structure of the Federal Bureaucracy
Initially small: 3,000 employees in 1800Federal government’s role confined
DefenseForeign affairsCurrencyInterstate commerceDelivery of mail
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-3
Origin and Structure of the Federal Bureaucracy
Dramatic growth in latter part of 1800s in response to economic growthDepartment of AgricultureDepartment of Commerce and Labor
Biggest growth spurt in the 1930s in response to the Great DepressionSEC, SSA, FDIC, TVA
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-5
Origin and Structure of the Federal Bureaucracy
Types of federal agenciesCabinet departments
Fifteen departments: State, Defense, Justice, etc.Independent agencies
Narrower area of responsibility: CIA, NASA, etc.Regulatory agencies
SEC, EPA, etc.
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-7
Origin and Structure of the Federal Bureaucracy
Types of federal agenciesGovernment corporations
USPS, FDIC, Amtrak, etc.Presidential commissions
Permanent commissions: Civil Rights, Fine ArtsTemporary: Bush’s Commission to Strengthen Social
Security
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-8
Origin and Structure of the Federal Bureaucracy
Federal employment2,500,000 civilian employeesMost hired by merit criteriaPatronage system—designed to improve link between
administration and the peopleAbuses—spoils system
Merit systemNeutral competence
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-10
The Budgetary ProcessYear and a half long; begins with presidential guidelinesAgencies develop detailed budget; president finalizes with
OMBCongress alters through budget and appropriations
committees; full House and Senate votePresident signs or vetoes
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-12
Policy and Power in the Bureaucracy
Administrative agencies’ chief task: policy implementationWide discretion in some areasRulemakingOriginating policy ideas
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-13
Policy and Power in the Bureaucracy
The agency point of viewComes naturally to high-ranking civil servantsCemented by professionalismDistorts government prioritiesAgency must seek support wherever it can find it
President; Congress; political partiesAgencies are forced to play politics
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-14
Policy and Power in the Bureaucracy
Sources of bureaucratic power1. Expertise
2. Clientele groupsReciprocal relationship
1. Friends in high placesAgency goals may conflict with president or Congress,
but they still need agency expertise and competency.
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-16
Democracy and Bureaucratic Accountability
Accountability through the presidencyReorganizationPresidential appointmentsOMB: budgets, regulations, and legislative proposals
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-17
Democracy and Bureaucratic Accountability
Accountability through CongressThe “power of the purse”Oversight function; increased use of GAOWays to constrain the bureaucracy before it acts
Drafting laws with specific instructions for implementation
Sunset provisions
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-18
Democracy and Bureaucratic Accountability
Accountability through the courtsAn injured party can bring suit against an agency
Accountability within the bureaucracy itselfSenior Executive Service (SES)Administrative law judgesWhistleblowingDemographic representativeness