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Vol. 3 Issue No.3, July-September 2021 e-ISSN 2456-7701

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PATTERN OF RAINFALL AND THEIR VARIABILITY OVER THE UTTARAKHAND STATE

Ashish1, Arin Gaur2, Sanjeev Kumar3*, Karan Singh3 and Alok Sagar Gautam3

1Department Of Physics, P.G. College Kotdwara, Uttarakhand, INDIA2Department of Physics, K L DAV PG College, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, INDIA

3Department Of Physics HNBG University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, INDIA.Email: sk8191079@gmail.com, karansinghghathera@gmail.com

Date of Received 20 August, 2021

Date of Revised 17 August, 2021

Date of Acceptance 27 September, 2021

Date of Publication 30 September, 2021

DOI : https://doi.org/10.51514/JSTR.3.3.2021.47-50

Sanjeev Kumar et. al. e-ISSN 2456-7701Journal of Science and Technological Researches (JSTR) Vol. 3 Issue No.3, July-September 2021

*Author for correspondence © JSTR All rights reserved

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PATTERN OF RAINFALL AND THEIR VARIABILITY OVER THE UTTARAKHAND STATE

Ashish1, Arin Gaur2, Sanjeev Kumar3*, Karan Singh3, Alok Sagar Gautam3

1Department Of Physics, P.G. College Kotdwara, Uttarakhand, INDIA 2Department of Physics, K L DAV PG College, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, INDIA

3Department Of Physics HNBG University

, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, INDIA. Email: sk8191079@gmail.com, karansinghghathera@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The rainfall is the only natural source for the people & animals in the hilly areas and depend on the rainfall for their agricultural purpose and domestic use. Uttarakhnad usually suffers from the heavy rainfall, cloud bust during monsoon. Therefore, we planed a long-term study to analysed the pattern and variability of the rainfall during year 2010 to 2019 over the Uttarakhand, India. For this, We have extract data and analysed daily rainfall dataset from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), and observed that the coefficient of variation for the rainfall is maximum in March and minimum in July which represents that the rainfall is the most variable in March and most stable in July between the year 2010 to 2019 over Uttarakhand. We observed the high rainfall events of Kedarnath during June 2013. Month of July shows a declining trend after 2014 to 2018 as well we also observed a related pattern of rainfall in month of august after eight years.

Keywords: Uttarakhand, Rainfall pattern, variability, long-term data analysis.

INTRODUCTION The 27th state of India was carved out of Uttar

Pradesh on 9 November 2000. Since earlier it was known as Uttaranchal but then on 1 January 2007 this state was named Uttarakhand. Uttarakhand is also known for its natural beauty, the queen of mountains Mussoorie and valley of Flowers. In terms of area, Uttarakhand is the 18th state of India, whose area is 53483 square kilometres, which is 1.69% of the total area of the country and 65% of Uttarakhand is forest and 86% is Mountain [1]. Uttarakhand located between coo - -

Indian states Himachal Pradesh in N-W and Uttar Pradesh in South; and with international boundaries Nepal and China on the S- .

To know about trends and variability of monsoon for good and systematic rainfall in all over the Uttarakhand region. We have to pay attention, because there are some very important and necessary things, which are dependent on the rainfall trends and their variability such as food security, agriculture, water resources, rainwater consumption, and ecology etc [3, 4, & 5].

In the hilly areas of Uttarakhand, water is mainly obtained from small natural streams and seasonal

rainfall [6, 7] . During the summer season the water of the natural streams starts drying up and their water level starts decreasing, during the rainy season the water level of these natural streams increases due to the rains and the people living in the hilly areas get adequate drinking water. As the rainy season ends and the winter season starts, the water of these natural streams also starts decreasing gradually and in the summer season the water level decreases to a great extent and people are forced to the facing problems for the drinking water [8]. Due to excessive rains, cloud bust events, Uttarakhnad experience significant loss human, animal life and resources [9 & 10]. The biggest impact is on agriculture, due to excessive rain, the fields get filled with water and the crops start getting spoiled. The main reason for both floods is the heavy rain and the reason for the drought is the lack of rain and both lead to reduce agriculture or crop yields [11]. 1.1 OBJECTIVE

Due to limited study on long-term rainfall data analysis, we have planned a long-term study from 2010-2019 to understand the variation in the rainfall over Uttarakhand. This analysis is quit use to understand the extreme rainfall, flash flood etc.

Sanjeev Kumar et. al. e-ISSN 2456-7701 Journal of Science and Technological Researches (JSTR) Vol. 3 Issue No.3, July-September 2021

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Fig 1: Map of Uttrakhand State, India [12]. The colorfull regions have represented the District of Uttarakhand.

Here we analysed the Pattern and variability of Rainfall.

1.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Many studies have been done on the monsoon

pattern and variability of rainfall all over the Uttarakhand region, but they are on a limited period because maximum of themes is done since before the year 2000 on the climate change of Uttarakhand, Rainfall distribution, trends and variability of rainfall over the region of the Uttarakhand. But from the year 2010 to 2019, the pattern followed by the monsoon and their variability on India’s 27th state Uttarakhand presented in the following sections [13].

METHODOLOGY The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission

selecting the Time Series, Area-Averaged of Near-Real-Time Precipitation Rate daily 0.25 deg. [TRMM TRMM_3B42RT_Daily] and range between from

date 1 January 2010 to 31 December between 28°43'

(latitude) over Uttarakhand [5, 14]over the Uttarakhand. Due to the lack of TRMM data for the year 2020, its details are not presented. The Rain precipitation is yearly analyzed over the Uttarakhand

Plotting graphs and tables [15, 16 & 17].

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The values of the monthly mean and their

variability, from the year January 2010 to 31 December 2019 are tabulated (Table 1). The mean value is highest in July which is 19.19 (mm) and the minimum was reported in November 1.18 (mm). The Coefficient of Variance is Highest in March which is 276.51 and minimum in July and August which is 101.72 for the Uttarakhand State. It is clear that from

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this data the Month of July and August is the Stable for the rainfall while March is the most variable. Table 1 indicates the dominance of rainfall during the summer monsoon (June, July, August, & September), as compared to the winter monsoon (January and February) during the study.

To understand the monthly variation of area average rainfall, we have plotted monthly data from 2010 to 2019 (Fig. 2). Fig 2 clear indicates and provides the proof of the Kedarnath flood in June 2013, which dominates during the rest of the months [18, 19 & 20]. The highest rainfall was observed during the year 2010 (33 mm) along with the second highest during 2014. After 2014 we have reported a declining trend upto 2018 in July. In the month of August, the highest rainfall was observed during the year 2011 and repeat this event after 8 years in 2019. In 2019, We have also reported a high rainfall event during especially in December (17.5 mm).

Table 1: Statistical summary of rainfall events

Fig 2: Area average yearly Rainfall pattern over Uttarakhnad. The colorful lines represented 12 months and the dots are indicate the yearly values of rainfall in the Uttarakhand state.

CONCLUSIONHere we studied the rainfall pattern and

variability in the Year 2010 to 2019. Due to lack of observation, we excluded the Year 2020. We have prepared the whole manuscript based on TRMM daily data set. This type of long-term study is very helping to mitigate the drinking and agriculture water issue, flash flood, heavy rainfall over Uttarakhand to insure the flood, resource management. Based on our observation we observed the dominance of rainfall during monsoon season. Our observation indicates the extreme and flashes flood events during 2013 (Kedarnath flood) during June. The month of July showed high rainfall events in 2010 & 2014, but after that, we observed a declining trend up to 2018. The high rainfall in august was shown a repetition after eight years. We also observed high rainfall events during December 2019. We need to explore more details to predict the upcoming heavy rainfall and flood events in Uttarakhand.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTInvestigations and perceptions utilized in this

paper were delivered with the Giovanni online information framework, created and kept up with by

Two of the authors (Ashishand ARIN GAUR) are thankful to Institute Innovation Cell, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal (Uttarakhand) for giving the golden opportunity to work under Summer Internship Programme, 2021.

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