PAST TENSE El Pretérito. El Pretérito: is a past tense (“-ed”) talks about what happened ...
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Transcript of PAST TENSE El Pretérito. El Pretérito: is a past tense (“-ed”) talks about what happened ...
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PAST TENSE El Pretérito
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El Pretérito:
is a past tense (“-ed”) talks about what happened Describes a completed past action
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1. REGULAR VERBS
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Verbs ending in - AR Pretérito endings for -
ar verbs are:
- é - amos
- aste - asteis
- ó - aron
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Pretérito endings for –ER / -IR verbs are:
- í - imos
- iste - isteis
- ió - ieron
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-CAR
If a verb ends in –CAR, we still use the regular –AR ending, but the stem will change in the YO form
Drop the –car and add -qué Practicar Yo practiqué
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- GAR Drop the –gar and add gué JUGAR Yo jugué
- ZAR
Drop the –zar and add -cé ALMORZAR Yo almorcé
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For verbs that end in a vowel after you drop the temination ER, IR.:
aer – caer – to falleer – leer = to read; creer = to think / believeoir = to hearuir – to flee - huir The third person singular form (él, ella, usted)
uses the ending yó
(rather than ió).
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The third person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes) uses the ending yeron (rather than ieron).
The remaining forms gain a written accent over the letter “i”.
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For example: leer- to read
Yo leí
Tú leíste
Él, Ella, Ud. leyó
Nosotros leímos
Vosotros leísteis
Ellos, Ellas, Uds. leyeron
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Verbs that end in -uir change in the same way, but the
written accent over the letter "i" only occurs in the
yo form.
For example: construir- to construct
Yo construí
Tú construiste
Él, Ella, Usted construyó
Nosotros construimos
Vosotros construisteis
Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes construyeron
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You will need to know the following Spelling-Change Verbs:
caer (to fall)
creer (to think/believe)
leer (to read)
oír (to hear)
construir (to construct)
incluir (to include)
influir (to influence)
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The only verbs that have a stem change in the preterite tense are those which meet the following three requirements:
1. The infinitive of the verb ends in –ir.
2. The verb was a stem-changing verb in the present tense.
3. It does NOT fall into one of the other categories of verbs in preterite: regular, car/gar/zar, completely irregular,
* -ar and –er verbs that changed stems in the present tense do NOT change stems in the preterite- they are conjugated like all other regular preterite verbs
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In preterite, there are two types of stem changes:
1. If the stem contains an e, it changes to an i ( E to I )
sentir > sintió
2. If the stem contains an o, it changes to a u ( O to U )
dormir > durmió
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In preterite, the stem only changes in two forms:
1. Third Person Singular ( él, ella, usted)
2. Third Person Plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes)
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Some examples:E to I
REPETIR - (to repeat)
O to U
DORMIR- (to sleep)
yo repetí dormí
tú repetiste dormiste
él, ella, usted repitió durmió
Nosotros repetimos dormimos
vosotros repetisteis dormisteis
ellos, ellas, ustedes
repitieron durmieron
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You will need to know the following E to I verbs:
Competir- to compete Requerir- to require, to need
Conseguir- to get, to obtain Seguir- to follow, to continue
Divertirse- to have fun, to enjoy oneself Sentirse- to feel
Pedir- to request, to ask for Servir- to serve
Preferir- to prefer Vestirse- to dress oneself
Repetir- to repeat
You will need to know the following O to U verbs:
Dormir- to sleep Morir- to die
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Verbs whose stem change in: V stems Andar stem: anduv- Estar stem: estuv- Tener stem: tuv-
U stems Poder stem: pud- Saber stem: sup- Poner stem: pus -
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J stems: Decir stem: Dij – Traer stem: traj- Atraer stem: atraj – Traducir stem: traduj- Producir stem: produj- Conducir stem: conduj-
I stems: Querer stem: Quis- Venir stem: Vin-
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For the “VUI” you need to add the following endings after changing the stem
- e - imos
- iste - isteis
- o - ieron
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If the stem ends in “J” you need to add the following endings after changing the stem - e - imos
- iste - isteis
- o - eron
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SER / IR
fui fuimos
fuiste fuisteis
fue fueron
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HACER
hice hicimos
hiciste hicisteis
hizo hicieron
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VER
vi vimos
viste visteis
vio vieron
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DAR
di dimos
diste disteis
dio dieron