PASS 2.1 & 2.2PASS 2.1 & 2.2

•Examine the reasons for, the problems faced in, and the results of key expeditions of Portugal, Spain, France, the Netherlands, and England (e.g., Columbus)

• Identify the impact of the encounter between Native Americans and Europeans.

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus

Hero or Villain?Hero or Villain?Successful or not?Successful or not?

Should we celebrate?Should we celebrate?If so, celebrate what?If so, celebrate what?

Reasons for exploring…Reasons for exploring…

• European kings and queens were motivated European kings and queens were motivated bybyGOLDGOLD – which meant wealth for their – which meant wealth for their

nationsnationsGLORYGLORY – for the explorers and – for the explorers and

nations who found and claimed new nations who found and claimed new landslands

GODGOD – they justified their conquering – they justified their conquering by doing it in the name of God.by doing it in the name of God.

Christopher …Christopher …

• Born in Genoa, ItalyBorn in Genoa, Italy

• Thought by sailing west – ships could Thought by sailing west – ships could reach the Indies and establish a new trade reach the Indies and establish a new trade routeroute

• He estimated 3000 miles (was closer to He estimated 3000 miles (was closer to 10,000)10,000)

• King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain agreed to finance himSpain agreed to finance him

• He left Palos, Spain with three ships … the He left Palos, Spain with three ships … the Nina, Pinta, and Santa MariaNina, Pinta, and Santa Maria

Quiz…Quiz…1.1. Columbus was from what nation?Columbus was from what nation?

2.2. Columbus sailed for what nation?Columbus sailed for what nation?

3.3. Name the three ships of the Columbus Name the three ships of the Columbus expedition.expedition.

4.4. Columbus was sailing for what land?Columbus was sailing for what land?

5.5. Why was he wanting to reach the Indies?Why was he wanting to reach the Indies?

6.6. Name three reasons the Kings and Name three reasons the Kings and Queens of Europe wanted to explore the Queens of Europe wanted to explore the New World.New World.

The expedition departs Palos, The expedition departs Palos, Spain August 3Spain August 3rdrd, 1492, 1492

With three Ships and 88 With three Ships and 88 menmen

Santa Maria – Nina and Pinta

Columbus … the 1Columbus … the 1stst voyage voyage

He thought it would take one month to reach the Indies … it took two months to reach the Bahamas in North America…

What he didn’t know … ?What he didn’t know … ?

• That North, Central and South That North, Central and South America was located between Europe America was located between Europe and Asia.and Asia.

• That it was 10,000 miles (not 3,000) That it was 10,000 miles (not 3,000) between Europe and Asia.between Europe and Asia.

• He thought he could get to Asia in He thought he could get to Asia in one month, it took two to get to the one month, it took two to get to the “New World.”“New World.”

THE NEW WORLD THE OLD WORLD

The Indies

Spain

MUTINY!MUTINY!

October 9, 1492 - Sailors aboard the three ships warned Columbus that if land wasn’t spotted soon, they would mutiny and force him to sail back to Europe.

October 12, 1492 … land October 12, 1492 … land sightedsighted

Where was Where was he? he?

He thoughthe had reachedthe Indies… he had actually landedin what is now called the Bahamas.He named the island San Salvador.

Who did he find in this New Who did he find in this New World?World?

•Columbus thought he was in the Indies, so he called the people he found “Indians”. The name stuck.•These people were actually Native peoples who called themselves “Taino”.•The Taino people were eventually wiped out by the European conquerors.

Columbus on the Tainos …Columbus on the Tainos …

• Sunday, Oct 14, 1492Sunday, Oct 14, 1492– These people are very unskilled in arms. These people are very unskilled in arms.

Your highnesses will see this for Your highnesses will see this for yourselves when I bring to you the seven yourselves when I bring to you the seven that I have taken. After they learn our that I have taken. After they learn our language I shall return them, unless Your language I shall return them, unless Your Highnesses order that the entire Highnesses order that the entire population be taken to Castile, or held population be taken to Castile, or held captive here. With 50 men you could captive here. With 50 men you could subject everyone and make them do subject everyone and make them do what you wished. what you wished.

Impact of discovery on Tainos Impact of discovery on Tainos ……

• Prior to discovery, it is estimated the Prior to discovery, it is estimated the Tainos numbered in the millions, Tainos numbered in the millions, perhaps as many as 3 million.perhaps as many as 3 million.

• 1542 – Bartolome de las Casas writes 1542 – Bartolome de las Casas writes that a mere 200 Tainos still live in that a mere 200 Tainos still live in EspanolaEspanola

Rethinking Columbus: The Next 500 YearsRethinking Columbus: The Next 500 Years

So….. was he a discoverer?So….. was he a discoverer?Or a conqueror?Or a conqueror?

If you were an European, it was a voyage of discovery … a New World to be explored and exploited.

If you were one of 500 Nations of North American Indigenous Peoples, it was an invasion that would result in the taking of your land and the death of millions of your people.

The “Columbian Exchange” The “Columbian Exchange” beginsbegins

• Columbian exchange was an Columbian exchange was an exchange of goods between the two exchange of goods between the two worlds.worlds.

• Columbus kidnapped six Tainos and Columbus kidnapped six Tainos and took them back to the Queen. He took them back to the Queen. He also took some plants and animals.also took some plants and animals.

• The Queen sends Chris back for three The Queen sends Chris back for three more voyages to the “New World”.more voyages to the “New World”.

Land Claims of the first Land Claims of the first voyage…voyage…

• JamaicaJamaica

• Puerto Puerto RicoRico

• HispaniolaHispaniola

• CubaCuba

Columbus Monument in Washington D.C.

Voyages 2, 3, and 4 …Voyages 2, 3, and 4 …

• He never found the spices, gold or He never found the spices, gold or jewels that he thought he would find.jewels that he thought he would find.

• Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand are not happy.are not happy.

• After 3After 3rdrd voyage – he is sent back to voyage – he is sent back to Spain in chains.Spain in chains.

• After 4After 4thth voyage – he returned to voyage – he returned to Spain a total failure.Spain a total failure.

A sad end A sad end ……• Columbus never Columbus never

realized he had realized he had found a New found a New World.World.

• Died thinking he Died thinking he had reached the had reached the Far East.Far East.

• Was considered Was considered a failure at the a failure at the time of his death.time of his death.

Review …Review …

1.1. Where did Columbus sail from?Where did Columbus sail from?

2.2. Where, in the New World, did Where, in the New World, did Columbus land?Columbus land?

3.3. Where did he think he was?Where did he think he was?

4.4. What people did he find?What people did he find?

5.5. Who did he think these people were?Who did he think these people were?

6.6. What name did he give them?What name did he give them?

Thinking questions …Thinking questions …

Short answers:Short answers:

• Explain how Columbus was a hero.Explain how Columbus was a hero.

• Explain how Columbus was a villain.Explain how Columbus was a villain.

• Explain how Columbus was a Explain how Columbus was a failure.failure.

• Explain how Columbus was a Explain how Columbus was a success.success.