Parts of The HeartParts of The Heart The Atria (or Atriums)The Atria (or Atriums)

-Receiving Chambers-Receiving Chambers The VentriclesThe Ventricles

-Pumping Chambers-Pumping Chambers The ValvesThe Valves

-Prevents backflow-Prevents backflow The SeptumThe Septum

-Divides the Heart-Divides the Heart Right side = incoming bloodRight side = incoming blood Left side = outgoing bloodLeft side = outgoing blood

ANATOMY OF THE HEARTANATOMY OF THE HEART

ANATOMY OF THE HEARTANATOMY OF THE HEART

Label the structures of the heart from your handout.Refer to your text P. 495

You have 10 minutes!

PATHWAY OF BLOODPATHWAY OF BLOOD

Trace the flow of a red blood cell as it Trace the flow of a red blood cell as it returns to the heart from the body's returns to the heart from the body's

cells.cells.

PATHWAY OF BLOODPATHWAY OF BLOOD

1)1) a. a. superior vena cava superior vena cava oror 1)b. 1)b. inferior vena cavainferior vena cava

2)2) right atriumright atrium

3)3) tricuspid valve—(AV valve)tricuspid valve—(AV valve)

4)4) right ventricleright ventricle

5)5) pulmonary valve—(semilunar valve)pulmonary valve—(semilunar valve)

6)6) pulmonary arterypulmonary artery (goes to lungs)(goes to lungs)

PATHWAY OF BLOODPATHWAY OF BLOOD

7) pulmonary vein (from the lungs)8) left atrium9) bicuspid valve (left AV valve)10) left ventricle11) aortic valve (semilunar valve)12) aorta13) to the body’s cells

HEART SOUNDSHEART SOUNDS

Normal Sounds (48 sec):Normal Sounds (48 sec):

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NeMJXMSkA7g

(3:30 min) (3:30 min) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE

When you hear your heart beating, what are you actually listening to?

What do blue vs. red areas represent?What do blue vs. red areas represent?

AV

SL

AV

Heart valvesHeart valves 4 valves in the heart4 valves in the heart

– flaps of connective tissueflaps of connective tissue– prevent backflowprevent backflow

________________________________________________________ – between atrium & ventriclebetween atrium & ventricle– keeps blood from flowing back keeps blood from flowing back

into atria when ventricles contractinto atria when ventricles contract» ““lub”lub”

________________________________________________________– between ventricle & arteriesbetween ventricle & arteries– prevent backflow from arteries into prevent backflow from arteries into

ventricles while they are relaxingventricles while they are relaxing» ““dub”dub”

AV

SL

AV

Lub-dub, lub-dubLub-dub, lub-dub Heart soundsHeart sounds

– closing of valvesclosing of valves– ““Lub”Lub”

» recoil of blood against recoil of blood against closed AV valvesclosed AV valves

– ““Dub”Dub”» recoil of blood against recoil of blood against

semilunar valvessemilunar valves

Heart murmurHeart murmur– defect in valves causes hissing sound when stream of defect in valves causes hissing sound when stream of

blood squirts backward through valveblood squirts backward through valve

Cardiac cycleCardiac cycle

systolic________diastolic

pump (peak pressure)_________________fill (minimum pressure)

1 complete sequence of pumping1 complete sequence of pumping– heart contracts & pumpsheart contracts & pumps– heart relaxes & chambers fill heart relaxes & chambers fill – contraction phasecontraction phase

» ____________________________» ventricles pumps blood outventricles pumps blood out

– relaxation phaserelaxation phase» ____________________________» atria refill with bloodatria refill with blood

110

____

70

Measurement of blood pressureMeasurement of blood pressure

High Blood Pressure (hypertension)High Blood Pressure (hypertension)– if top number (if top number (systolicsystolic pumping) > 150 pumping) > 150

– if bottom number (if bottom number (diastolicdiastolic filling) > 90 filling) > 90

Control of Heart RateControl of Heart Rate

contraction without brain inputcontraction without brain input Sinoatrial (SA) node, also called pacemaker cells Sinoatrial (SA) node, also called pacemaker cells

are nerve cells in the right atriumare nerve cells in the right atrium SA node causes the atria to contract SA node causes the atria to contract sends electrical stimuli to the atrioventricular (AV) sends electrical stimuli to the atrioventricular (AV)

node. node. electrical stimuli are sent through two nerve fibres electrical stimuli are sent through two nerve fibres

called Purkinje fibres to the ventriclescalled Purkinje fibres to the ventricles causing them to contract. causing them to contract.

Control of Heart Rate

Disorders of CV SystemDisorders of CV System

PlaquePlaque– Patchwork of cholesterol, calcium and fat Patchwork of cholesterol, calcium and fat

deposits that stick to interior wallsdeposits that stick to interior walls

Dangers of plaque build upDangers of plaque build up– AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis– Heart attackHeart attack– ArteriosclerosisArteriosclerosis– Sudden cardiac arrestSudden cardiac arrest

AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis

Narrowing of the arteries resulting from Narrowing of the arteries resulting from plaque building up inside the artery wallplaque building up inside the artery wall

Blood pressure increasesBlood pressure increases Sometimes flow completely blockedSometimes flow completely blocked

Heart AttackHeart Attack

Blood supply to heart tissue is slowed or Blood supply to heart tissue is slowed or stoppedstopped

Narrowing coronary arteries due to Narrowing coronary arteries due to atherosclerosisatherosclerosis

Heart usually does not stop beatingHeart usually does not stop beating Pain in upper chest, shortness of breath, Pain in upper chest, shortness of breath,

nauseanausea Heart muscle can dieHeart muscle can die

ArteriosclerosisArteriosclerosis

Advanced stage of plaque buildupAdvanced stage of plaque buildup Deposits on artery wall hardenDeposits on artery wall harden Arteries lose elasticity and ability to stretchArteries lose elasticity and ability to stretch Decrease in BP and chance of blood clotsDecrease in BP and chance of blood clots

Sudden Cardiac ArrestSudden Cardiac Arrest

Heart suddenly stops functioningHeart suddenly stops functioning Drowning, electrocution, trauma, chokingDrowning, electrocution, trauma, choking Coronary heart disease most commonCoronary heart disease most common

CV DisordersCV Disorders ArrhythmiaArrhythmia

– Irregular heart beatIrregular heart beat

HypertensionHypertension– High blood pressureHigh blood pressure

Heart failureHeart failure– Heart cant pump blood efficiently or send blood with enough Heart cant pump blood efficiently or send blood with enough

force to bodyforce to body

AneurysmAneurysm– Bulge in artery wallBulge in artery wall

StrokeStroke– Blood clot in artery going to brainBlood clot in artery going to brain

CholesterolCholesterol

A fat that is part of your cell membranes and A fat that is part of your cell membranes and is used to synthesize hormones, bile and is used to synthesize hormones, bile and vitamin Dvitamin D

Liver manufacturesLiver manufactures Transported by two lipoproteins made of fat Transported by two lipoproteins made of fat

and proteinsand proteins– HDL and LDLHDL and LDL

LipoproteinsLipoproteins

HDLHDL– Good cholesterolGood cholesterol– Helps remove excess cholesterol from tissues Helps remove excess cholesterol from tissues

and arteriesand arteries LDLLDL

– Bad cholesterolBad cholesterol– Becomes part of plaque in arteriesBecomes part of plaque in arteries– Found in food high in trans and saturated fatsFound in food high in trans and saturated fats