Part I: Petrine Era (1)

“Catch and Overtake”

L02Overview

Introduction

Contexts

Petrine State-Building

I. Introduction

1. Historiography

2. Sources

3. Themes

4. Images

Peter’s Birth (1672)

Peter’s First BoatPereslavl-Zalesskii Museum

Peter the Great1695 Engraving

Peter: Certified as Shipbuilding Master

Peter: 1695 Engraving

Youthful Peter

F. Lefort

Alexander Menshikov

Peter’s Signature

Peter to Mother, 1695

Peter’s “Great Embassy” to Europe (1697-98)

II. Foreign Policy

A. Ties with the West

B. War1. Turkey 1695

2. Great Northern War 1700-1721

3. Turkish War 1710

Peter’s Shipbuilding Studies

Peter in London 1698

First Petrine Ship: “Predestination” (1698-1700)

Peter: Sketch of Shipyard Crane

Peter: 1703 Letter

On Peter’s Visit to France1717

• “What he ate and drank at his two regular meals is inconceivable . . . a bottle or two of beer, as many more of wine, and, occasionaly, liquors afterward; at the end of the meal strong drinks, such as brandy, as much sometimes as a quart.”

Peter Meets Young Louis XV

Peter at Poltava (1709)

“Domik Petra Velikogo”

Celebratory Fireworks (1704)

Peter and “Generalisimus Shein” (1704)

Peter at Poltava (1709)

Peter: “Father of His Country”

Peter: 1722 Portrait

Peter: 1724 Portrait

Peter Saving Sailors (1724)

Peter in Coffin (1725)

Peter’s Tomb

“Bronze Horseman” Spb, 1767-82

Moscow Monument to Peter1999

Atomic Missile Cruiser “Peter the Great”

II. Contexts

1. European State-Building

a. Dynamics

b. Development theory: mercantilism

cameralism (Kameralwissenschaft)

c. Prescriptive absolutism

2. Baseline: Russia in 1689a. Monarchy

b. State

c. Army

d. Society

III. Petrine State-Building

1. Dynamics: military/diplomatic, cultural

2. Petrine Theorya. Etatisme

b. “Self-regulated state”

c. Polizeistaat

d. Personal Absolutism

3. Petrine Style

Russia under Peter the Great

Europe: Recognizes Young Peter

Peter: Announcing Treaty of Nystad (1721)

Petrine Silver Ruble

Peter’s Imperial Seal

1724: Role of Policy (Polizei)

• Policy (Police) has its special calling: which is to intervene to protect justice and rights, to generate good order and morals, to guarantee safety from thieves, robbers, rapists, and extortionists, to extirpate disordered and loose living. It binds everyone to labor and an honest profession . . . . It defends widows, orphans and foreigners in accordance with God’s law, educates the young in chaste purity and honest learning; in short, for all of these, the police is the soul of citizenship and of all good order.”

Creative Law-Making

Period Total Laws Laws Per Annum

1700-1709 500 50

1710-1719 1238 124

1720-25 1200 240

Monarch’s Power1716 Military Code

His Majesty is an autocratic monarch, who is not obliged to answer for his actions to anyone on earth, but who possesses power and authority, the state, and land. As a Christian sovereign, he rules in accordance with his will and wish.

IV. Conclusions

1. Pan-European process: prescriptive absolutism

2. Continuity: state development3. Discontinuity: theory, pace4. Legitimacy: Piety, Patrimony + Persona,

Power, Prosperity5. Sovereign and state (gosudar’ and

gosudarstvo)6. Depersonalize: Peter and Petrovian Elite