PART I 1ST Introducing Research 2
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Transcript of PART I 1ST Introducing Research 2
Lecture 1: Introducing research
What is research?Research in general
Nature of business and management research
Research processStages of research processFactors to consider
The research process: your term projectInitiate your research proposal (Assignment 1)
SPSS Exercise 1 (Introducing ‘SPSS for Widows’)
Research is something that we all do all of the time. Suppose you decide to buy a new television so you make a systematic decision about which is best for you, depending on the availability of the product you are interested in and your purchasing power;
ORdeciding which political party to vote for;
ORdeciding how to get from place A to place B;
ORdeciding what to prepare for the dinner;
OR-----------------
‘Research is simply the process of thoroughly studyingand analysing the situational factors surrounding
a problem in order to seek out solutions to it’ OR
‘Research is a detailed study of a subject, carried outto discover (new) information or reach a (new)
understanding’
Types of Research: Basic & AppliedBasic Research – aims to enhance the
understanding of problems that commonly occur.
Applied Research – done with the intention of applying results to specific problems.
4
» Exploratory» Descriptive» Explanatory or Causal
5
Exploratory Research» Initial qualitative research conducted to clarify and define
the nature of a problem » Does not provide conclusive evidence» Subsequent research is expected
**********************
Descriptive Research» Describes characteristics of a population or phenomenon» Some understanding of the nature of the problem
**********************
Explanatory or Causal Research» Conducted to identify cause and effect relationships
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Types of Research
8
Assessrelevant existingknowledge
Formulateconcepts &Propositions
Statementof Hypotheses
Design research
Acquire empiricaldata
Analyze &evaluate data
Provide explanation-state newproblem
9 Scientific research
Complex social processes can best be studied by introducing changes into these processes and observing the effects of these changes (Marsick and Watkins 1997).Academics jointly work with practitioners solving a problem.However, it often lacks scientific rigor.
Ethics & Research
Societal Accountability
Corporate Accountability
Moral Accountability
Conflict among accountabilities
12
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» Is trans-disciplinary
» Engages with both theory and practice
» Involves undertaking systematic research
» Should be undertaken with rigour
The research process?Research stages?
The research process: Stages
» Formulating and clarifying a topic
» Reviewing the literature
» Designing the research
» Collecting data
» Analysing data
» Writing upBased on Figure 1.2: Saunders et al. (2009)
STEPS
Wish to research
Formulate and clarify research topic(Lecture – 2)
Critically review the literature (Lecture – 3)
Choose research approach and strategy (Lecture – 4 & 5)
Research approach? Research strategy?
The research Process
Yourterm
project
STEPS
Gaining access to data and ethical issues
(Lecture – 6)
Research ethics?
The research Process
Yourterm
projectResearch approach = deductive &
inductive types of researchResearch strategy = research methods
STEPS
Research ethics?
The appropriateness of researcher’s behaviour in
relation to the rights of those who become the subject of
or are affected by researcher’s work
The research Process
Yourterm
project
Plan data collection and collect the data usingOne/more of the following:
a. Sampling
(Lecture – 7)b. Secondary data
(Lecture – 8)c. Observation(Lecture – 9)
d. Structured, semi-structured and in-depth interviews (Lecture – 10)
e. Questionnaires (Lecture – 11)
Analyse the data
Write project report & prepare your presentation(Lecture – 14)
Give your presentation(Lectures – 15 & 16)
Quantitative/qualitative methods (Lecture – 12 & 13)
» Start working on a research proposal just now.
» Choose a leader and a recorder (Ideally these duties should rotate amongst all group-members, provided your group wishes so).
» Form a group of 2 - 3 members that will work on this research assignment as long as each group presents its research report in the last two-to-three classes.
» Each one of the group members will select a topic of his/her own and take it to a the meeting of his/her group for discussion.
» The group will then have a brainstorming meeting on all the topics, will discuss each member’s ideas about the selected research topics, and will come up with one research topic considered the best by the group.
» Continues on next slide…….
» The group in next class, through its team leader, will turn in a 4 – 6 page group activity report of the last week, on the following format. Page 1 (front-page)
Assignment 1Topic selected by the groupName of group leaderNames of group members
» Page 2 to 5 (one page for each student’s activity report)Assignment 1Name of the studentTopic selected by the student
Introduction to SPSSData Entry and use of ‘ANALYZE’ &
‘TRANSFORM’ Commands• The Data Editor, Data View & Variable View • Entering data (Steps for data entry)
1. Open SPSS’s ‘Data Editor’2. Enter data in ‘Data View’ taking data from next Slide (You can
even copy data from Excel sheet or from a MS Word’s table)3. Go to Variable View, and change ‘VAR00001’ with P, ‘VAR00002’
with S and ‘VAR00003’ with D.4. Go back to ‘Data View’ and check whether names/titles of the
variables have been changed.5. Go to ‘ANALYZE’ and ‘TRANSFORM’ commands and check what
functions you can perform.
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