Chap1 1st Part

8/6/2019 Chap1 1st Part

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LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION

PRACTICES EMPLOYED BYPATIENTS UNDERGOING

HEMODIALYSIS


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CHAPTER ITHE PROBLEM


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Background of the Study

The function of the kidney is

essential to life. A normally functioning

kidney maintains the bodys state ofhomeostasis by carefully regulating fluid

and electrolytes and removing waste

products. The kidney also secretesdifferent hormones such as


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erythropoietin which stimulatesthe bone marrow to produce red

blood cell and prostaglandin

which is necessary for

maintaining renal blood flow

(Smeltzer, et. al., 2010). Whenthe kidney fails to


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do its function, the harmful wastes willbuild up in the body and may retain

excess fluid and electrolyte.

Dysfunctional kidney may not as well

produce enough red blood cells and

maintain the normal blood pressure ofthe body.


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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an

umbrella term that describes kidney

damage or a decrease in glomerular

filtration rate for three or more months(Thomas-Hawkins & Zazworsky, 2005).

Untreated CKD can result in End-Stage

Renal Disease (ESRD). With thisdysfunction


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of the kidney, the bodys

cleansing process is greatly

affected. The performance of

the kidney decreases which

will eventually stops leading

to potential death (Smeltzer,et. al., 2010).


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The disease is normally causedby number of diseases or

hereditary disorders. Diabetes is

the primary cause ofCKD. Between

25% and 40%of the patients has

type 1 diabetes and 5% to 40% ofthose with type 2 diabetes develop


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kidney damage (Thomas & Atkins, 2006).Diabetes is the leading cause of renal

failure in patients starting renal

replacement therapy. The second leadingcause is hypertension, followed by

glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis

(USRDS, 2007).


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as the creatinine level increases,symptoms of CKD begin. Anemia, due

to decreased erythropoietin production

by the kidney; metabolic acidosis; andabnormalities in the calcium and

phosphorus herald the development of

CKD. Fluid retention, evidenced by


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disease progresses,

abnormalities in electrolytes

occur, heart failure worsensand hypertension becomes

more difficult to control(Smeltzer, et. al., 2010).


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When kidney diseases progresses

to the stage where 85% to 90% of

the kidneys function is lost. EndStage Renal Disease is already the

7th leading cause of death among

Filipinos. Each


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year an estimated 120

Filipinos per millionpopulations (PMP) develop

kidney failure. This meansthat about 10,000 Filipinos

need to replace their kidneyfunction each year

(Danguilan, 2008).


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Dr. Enrique Ona stated that if

treatment is rapid and adequate,

fatality would be rare. Good

living habits which compressesof enough physical activity and

healthy diet are the mostimportant prevention of

acquiring kidney problem.


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However, the only option left forthe treatment of ESRD are dialysis

and kidney transplant. These

processes perform the normal

functioning done by the healthy

kidney. Since then, dialysis programs

has been used in many parts with


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the country to help patient to

prolonged their life and the

important goal of management isto maintain kidney function and

homeostasis for as long as

possible. Unfortunately, though


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73% or about 7, 267 patientsundergone dialysis, an estimate

of about a quarter of the wholepopulation probably just died

without receiving any treatment

(Danguilan, 2008).


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In hemodialysis, a machine

filters wastes, electrolytes, and

fluid from the blood when thekidneys are no longer healthy

enough to do its work.


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Hemodialysis is the most

common way to treat advanced,

permanent kidney failure. Theprocedure can help patient carry

on an active life despite failing

kidneys.


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Hemodialysis patients need anumber of changes in their lifestyle

and activities of daily living. It also

requires a patient to follow a strict

treatment schedule, take

medications regularly, and often,

make different changes in their diet.


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These different changes

prompted the researcher the

conduct a study on the lifestylemodification practices employed

by patients of MMMH & MC who

are undergoing hemodialysis.


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Statement of the ProblemThis study is undertaken to determine

the lifestyle modifications employed by

patients undergoing hemodialysis atMariano Marcos Memorial Hospital and

Medical Center.

Specifically, it attempted to answerthe following questions:


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1. What are the lifestyle modificationpractices employed by patients

undergoing hemodialysis in relation

to:

1.1 intake of prescribed medication;

1.2 diet;1.3 fluid intake;


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1.4 activities of daily living;

1.5 exercise;

1.6 rest and sleep; and

1.7 stress management?

2. Is there a significant relationship between the

sociodemographic variables and the lifestyle

modification practices employed by patientsundergoing hemodialysis?


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Objectives of the StudyIt is the purpose of this study to determine

the lifestyle modifications employed by

patients undergoing hemodialysis.It specifically aimed to:

1. Determine the lifestyle modification

practices employed by patients undergoinghemodialysis in relation to:


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1.1 intake of prescribed medication;1.2 diet;

1.3 fluid intake;

1.4 activities of daily living;1.5 exercise;

1.6 rest and sleep; and

1.7 stress management?


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2. Determine the significantrelationship between the

sociodemographic variables andthe lifestyle modifications

practices employed by patients

undergoing hemodialysis.

Chap1 1st Part

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