Part 1 - The 2030 Challenge: Setting + Achieving Energy Goals and Standards
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Transcript of Part 1 - The 2030 Challenge: Setting + Achieving Energy Goals and Standards
AIA PittsburghA217
The 2030 Challenge: Setting + Achieving Energy Goals with Integrated Design2.1 +2030
Lance Hosey, FAIA, LEED FellowAnna Siefken, LEED AP BD+CMarc Mondor, AIA, LEED FellowApril 21, 2016
Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request.
This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner ofhandling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.___________________________________________Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written
permission of the speaker is prohibited.
© AIA Pittsburgh; PEAPC, Green Building Alliance, evolveEA, 2016.
Copyright Materials
Kicking off the 2030 Series for Session I will be:
Lance Hosey, FAIA, LEED Fellow, and Chief Sustainability Officer at Perkins Eastman. Author of “The Shape of Green,” his work challenges those who perceive beauty and sustainability as being mutually exclusive.
Anna Siefken of the Green Building Alliance will describe the Pittsburgh 2030 Districts, the most ambitious in the nation.
Marc Mondor, AIA, LEED Fellow of evolveEA, will describe the Integrated Design Process in theory and practice.
Series Moderator: Gary Moshier, AIA of Moshier Studio
Presenters
Integrated Design is fundamental to the creation of next-generation 2030 Challenge-compliant buildings. In this kickoff to the 10-session AIA+2030 Professional Education series, we will take a fresh look at what the latest best practices are for design teams now that Integrated Design has been a part of the vernacular for more than a decade.
It is now well known that the Integrated Design Process (IDP) is a critical component of high-performance building design. We will explore how it can be used to select collaborative strategies that collectively achieve the latest targets outlined in the 2030 Challenge, which now require 70% energy reduction on newly constructed buildings. In particular, we will examine the utility of IDP, as well as new tools and processes that can be used in defining core, early design decisions such as building form and orientation.
CourseDescription
LearningObjectives
1. Explain how the Integrated Design Process differs from traditional design.
2. Provide examples of the most recent approaches to the Integrated Design Process to achieve higher-performing goals.
3. Identify specific characteristics of Integrated Design and its implications for building energy performance.
4. Understand how integrated design synthesizes climate, use, loads, and systems resulting in a more comfortable and productive interior environment, and a building that is significantly more energy-efficient than current best practices.
At the end of the this course, participants will be able to:
LearningObjectives
5. Summarize the potential benefits gained by employing the Integrated Design Process, including the potential to tunnel through the cost barrier and create buildings with lower first costs, better comfort conditions, and large energy savings.
6. Understand how the Integrated Design Process is a means of testing multidisciplinary impacts of design decisions prior to implementing them.
7. Understand how the Integrated Design Process helps to avoid missed opportunities and unforeseen circumstances or conditions.
At the end of the this course, participants will be able to:
AIA+2030 Professional Series 2.0 PROGRAM SCHEDULE | 2016-2017 Attention: Architects, Building Owners, Engineers, Contractors, and Facilities Managers… AIA Pittsburgh’s Committee on the Environment (COTE) presents the AIA+2030™ Professional Series 2.0. This program helps design professionals create buildings that meet the ambitious energy efficiency goals of the Architecture 2030 Challenge.® 1. The 2030 Challenge: Setting + Achieving Energy Goals with Integrated Design
Thursday, April 21, 1:30-5:30 p.m. – Build Pittsburgh 2016*
*Attendees of this session will receive a 10% discount on the AIA+2030 Professional Series 2.0 Full Package.
2. Getting to 70: The Power of Targets + Load Reduction Tuesday, May 17, 4:30-8:30 p.m.
3. Accentuate the Positive: Climate Responsive Design Tuesday, June 21, 4:30-8:30p.m.
4. Skins: The Importance of the Thermal Envelope Tuesday, September 20, 4:30-8:30 p.m.
5. Aggressively Passive: Employing Passive Systems for Load Reduction Tuesday, October 18, 4:30-8:30 p.m.
6. Illuminating Savings: Daylighting and Integrated Lighting Strategies Tuesday, November 15, 4:30-8:30 p.m.
7. Right-sized: Equipment and Controls for Super-Efficient Building system Tuesday, January 17, 4:30-8:30 p.m.
8. Site Power: Renewable Energy Opportunities Tuesday, February 21, 4:30-8:30 p.m.
9. The Hand-off + Staying in Shape: Operations, Maintenance + Education Tuesday, March 21, 4:30-8:30 p.m.
10. Putting It All Together: Achieving 2030 Goals on the Project and at the Office Tuesday, April 11, 4:30-8:30 p.m.
Stay posted to the AIA Pittsburgh’s website and to eColumns, AIA Pittsburgh’s weekly e-newsletter for program updates. In Partnership with… CONTACT Marc Mondor, AIA, LEED Fellow, COTE Committee Chair: [email protected] AIA Pittsburgh Office: 412.471.9548 | [email protected] | www.aiapgh.org
___________________ Credits per Session: 4 LU/HSW Hours and 4 GBCI CEUs GBCI CEUs provided through the Green Building Alliance. ___________________ Registration Opens April 25, 2016
Full Package Savings* $800 - Members of AIA, GBA, MBA, and CSI $1000 - Non-Members
Single Session Pricing $125 - Members of AIA, GBA, MBA, and CSI $150 - Non-Members ___________________ Seminars will include local case studies, in-depth tours of high-performing built projects, and a broad pool of speakers. ___________________ Version 2.0 will balance new construction and renovation, residential and commercial, theoretical and completed, and urban and rural projects. ___________________ Study the significant changes, including analytical software to predict building energy performance. ___________________
INNOVATIONREDESIGNING
Perkins Eastman
LANCE HOSEY, FAIA, LEED FellowPrincipal / Chief Sustainability Officer
“INNOVATIVE ARCHITECTURE” (GOOGLE)
INNOVATION
“The ability to deliver new VALUE. — Jose Campos
““Change that creates a new
dimension of PERFORMANCE.
“— Peter Drucker
— Peter Drucker“ “The test of an innovation is that
it creates VALUE.
ESSENTIALENERGY INNOVATION IS
March 22, 2016
April 4, 2016
April 11, 2016
Energy efficiency affects the entire triple bottom line
97%
BELIEF IN CLIMATE CHANGE
SCIENTISTS
70%
PUBLIC
34%
CONGRESS
LEADING?BUT ARE WE ACTUALLY
PROPEL THE BELL
**YOU ARE HERE
ANNOUNCED TOMORROW!
Eskew+Dumez+Ripple,New Orleans Bioinnovation C enter
N E W O R L E A N S
2 0 1 5 W I N N E R
The building form is configured to provide a protected courtyard, following
French Quarter precedents. Louvers allow the southwest-facing Canal
Street façade to be 6 3 % glass, while the summer solar heat gain is the
equivalent of a building with 18% glazing.
Photo: Timothy Hursley
Measure 4:
Bioclimatic Design
T H E A M E R I C A N I N S T I T U T E O F A R C H I T E C T S
AIA C O TE Top Ten 1997-2015 0 3 6
F O R W A R D 0 4 / I N T R O D U C T I O N 0 5 / S U M M A R Y 0 6 / B A C K G R O U N D 0 7 / D A T A C O L L E C T I O N + A N A L Y S I S 0 9 / G E N E R A L T R E N D S 1 0 / E V A L U AT I O N C R I T E R I A 22 / M E A S U R E S 2 4 / C O N C L U S I O N + R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 6 2 / R E F E R E N C E S 6 5 / T O C
“Sustainable design c onserves resources andmaximizes c omfort through design adaptations tosite-specific and regional climate c onditions.”
2 0 1 6 C A L L F O R E N T R I E S
The narrative requests that designers “describe how the building
responds to local climate, sun path, prevailing breezes, and
seasonal and daily cycles through passive design strategies,”
emphasizing “how these strategies specifically shaped the
building plan, section, and massing” and “how these strategies
specifically affected placement, orientation, and shading of the
building.” No metrics are requested for this measure, but the
researchers looked closely at the 100 winning projects over the
past decade and identified the seven most common strategies
listed under Measure 4. The three most popular—used by
over two thirds of projects—are: (1) orienting the building to
coordinate with the sun and wind; (2) strategic sizing and
placement of windows and glazing; and (3) shading devices to
control solar heat gain. All of these strategies directly affect the
appearance of buildings, so they relate closely to Measure 1and
COTE ’s aim to integrate design and sustainability.
Furthermore, use of the most common strategies—orientation and
fenestration/glazing—appears to be increasing in frequency.
Averaging their use in the annual winners shows an upward trend
of 10- 2 0 % over the past decade. Jury member Peter Rumsey
observed this trend in 2015: “The façades are becoming much
more responsive to climate.”47 This conclusion is consistent with
Robles’ 2012 research, which found that, compared to LEED
Platinum buildings celebrated for performance, not design, a Top
Ten winner is four times more likely to “take its shape from the
particular place in which it occurs.”4 8
47 Quoted in Madsen and O'Malley, 2015
48 Robles, Zhai, and Goodrum, “Beauty in Building,” 2012
Measure 4:Bioclimatic D esign
F I G U R E 2 0 Most c ommon bioclimatic design strategies in Top Ten winners, 2006-2015
0 % 2 0 % 4 0 % 6 0 % 8 0 %
Orientation
Fenestration/Glazing
Shading
P assiveVentilation
Massing
Vegetation
Thermal Mass
Optimize Use of
T H E A M E R I C A N I N S T I T U T E O F A R C H I T E C T S
AIA C O TE Top Ten 1997-2015 037
F O R W A R D 0 4 / I N T R O D U C T I O N 0 5 / S U M M A R Y 0 6 / B A C K G R O U N D 0 7 / D A T A C O L L E C T I O N + A N A L Y S I S 0 9 / G E N E R A L T R E N D S 1 0 / E V A L U AT I O N C R I T E R I A 22 / M E A S U R E S 2 4 / C O N C L U S I O N + R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 6 2 / R E F E R E N C E S 6 5 / T O C
Measure 4:Bioclimatic D esign
4 0 %
5 0 %
2015201420132012201120102 0 0 92 0 0 820072 0 0 6
F I G U R E 21 Average use of two most c ommon bioclimatic design strategies in Top Ten winners, 2006-2015
Optimize Fenestration/Glazing
Optimize Orientation
100%
6 0 %
7 0 %
8 0 %
9 0 %
T H E A M E R I C A N I N S T I T U T E O F A R C H I T E C T S
AIA C O TE Top Ten 1997-2015 0 3 8
F O R W A R D 0 4 / I N T R O D U C T I O N 0 5 / S U M M A R Y 0 6 / B A C K G R O U N D 0 7 / D A T A C O L L E C T I O N + A N A L Y S I S 0 9 / G E N E R A L T R E N D S 1 0 / E V A L U AT I O N C R I T E R I A 22 / M E A S U R E S 2 4 / C O N C L U S I O N + R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 6 2 / R E F E R E N C E S 6 5 / T O C
Measure 7:
Energy Flows &
Energy Future
W R N S,Watsonville Water Resource C enter
W A T S O N S V I L L E , C A
2 0 1 0 W I N N E R
According to the New Building Institute, on-site energy
production more than doubles what the building needs to
operate.
Photo: Bruce Damonte
T H E A M E R I C A N I N S T I T U T E O F A R C H I T E C T S
AIA C O TE Top Ten 1997-2015 0 4 6
F O R W A R D 0 4 / I N T R O D U C T I O N 0 5 / S U M M A R Y 0 6 / B A C K G R O U N D 0 7 / D A T A C O L L E C T I O N + A N A L Y S I S 0 9 / G E N E R A L T R E N D S 1 0 / E V A L U AT I O N C R I T E R I A 22 / M E A S U R E S 2 4 / C O N C L U S I O N + R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 6 2 / R E F E R E N C E S 6 5 / T O C
“Sustainable design c onserves energy andresources and reduces the carbon footprint whileimproving building performance and c omfort.Sustainable design anticipates future energysources and needs.”
2 0 1 6 C A L L F O R E N T R I E S
Over the past decade, AIA and COTE have progressively raised
the bar for energy performance. In 2005, the AIA adopted the
2030 Challenge, which seeks a series of successive targets
toward carbon neutrality by that year, and in 2009 it launched
the AIA 2030 C ommitment to give architects a framework for
reporting their projects. In 2015, the AIA COTE Top Ten call for
entries began emphasizing the importance of meeting 2030
targets: “In acknowledgement of the increasingly important role
architects must play in helping to address the challenges of
climate change, and in keeping with the Institute’s core values
surrounding this issue, submissions are expected to make every
effort to comply with the goals of the AIA 2030 C ommitment.”
The same year, the Top Ten program began requiring that
submitting firms have signed the 2030 C ommitment:
“Submissions failing to provide proof of this commitment will be
disqualified.”
While energy performance has been a constant criterion for Top
Ten since the beginning, the specific metrics have changed
markedly over the years. Early on, relatively little information
was required, while the current forms include eight metrics and
an energy model summary. Over the years, two metrics have
remained fairly consistent:
• Predicted energy use intensity (pEUI) in kBtu/sf/yr
Measure 7:Energy Flows & Energy Future
T H E A M E R I C A N I N S T I T U T E O F A R C H I T E C T S
AIA C O TE Top Ten 1997-2015 0 47
F O R W A R D 0 4 / I N T R O D U C T I O N 0 5 / S U M M A R Y 0 6 / B A C K G R O U N D 0 7 / D A T A C O L L E C T I O N + A N A L Y S I S 0 9 / G E N E R A L T R E N D S 1 0 / E V A L U AT I O N C R I T E R I A 22 / M E A S U R E S 2 4 / C O N C L U S I O N + R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 6 2 / R E F E R E N C E S 6 5 / T O C
• Percent savings from baseline
Of the two, EUI varies widely between different project types, so
for the purposes of the report the researchers have focused on
the second metric, percent savings from a baseline. However,
the baseline reference changed circa 2010. Prior to that year, the
reduction was based on energy cost, which is how LEED
calculates energy savings, and since then the reduction has been
benchmarked against the national average EUI for the building
type. The first was measured against “a minimally code
compliant base model,” using ASHRAE 90.1, “or the local code/
standard, whichever is more stringent.”ASHRAE 90.1is regularly
updated, so it has been a moving target in itself, and the
provision to choose a local code meant that projects submitted
from different jurisdictions could not easily be compared. Since
2010, energy reduction has been calculated by using the E PA’s
Target Finder to find the national average in the C ommercial
Buildings Energy C onsumption Survey (CBECS) . The change was
due to the launch of the AIA 2030 C ommitment, which uses
C B E C S as the baseline. Firms began reporting to the 2030
C ommitment in 2010, so COTE changed the Top Ten baseline
accordingly.
The differences between the baselines can be substantial. For
example, a recent project submitted showed a 47% energy
cost reduction from the LEE D baseline and a 37% reduction
using C B E C S. C omparing Top Ten winners’ energy reductions
over time is only reliable within a rather wide margin of error.
Nevertheless, the comparison is a useful indication of how
energy performance has progressed generally.
For the 189 entries since 1997, 5 6 % have provided a percentage
for energy reduction, although the volume is improving. In the
first five years (1997-2001), 3 0 % submitted this information,
while in the past five years (2011-2015), 8 6 % did. Two thirds
have provided EUI since 1997, so there are considerable gaps in
Measure 7:Energy Flows & Energy Future
T H E A M E R I C A N I N S T I T U T E O F A R C H I T E C T S
AIA C O TE Top Ten 1997-2015 0 4 8
F O R W A R D 0 4 / I N T R O D U C T I O N 0 5 / S U M M A R Y 0 6 / B A C K G R O U N D 0 7 / D A T A C O L L E C T I O N + A N A L Y S I S 0 9 / G E N E R A L T R E N D S 1 0 / E V A L U AT I O N C R I T E R I A 22 / M E A S U R E S 2 4 / C O N C L U S I O N + R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 6 2 / R E F E R E N C E S 6 5 / T O C
all the available energy data.
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
Actual
Predicted
2013:355 11th Street (Aidlin Darling)
2014:Iowa Utilities
Board (BNIM)
2015:Federal C enter South
Building 1202 (ZGF)
The average energy reduction for all Top Ten winners that have
provided this information is 5 4 % , slightly exceeding the upper
limit ( 5 0 % ) of energy credits in LEE D.53 Similarly, a 2009
COTE-sponsored study of energy performance in Top Ten
winners found that 91% of a small sample of projects that
could be compared to a national average performed better than
average.54
Charting energy performance since 1997 shows a significant
upward trend. In recent years, the average has hovered around
6 5 % , compared to 3 5 - 4 0 % in the first decade, a sizeable
improvement, especially given that the standards have become
more aggressive, as well. C onsistently over the past six years—
and in some previous years—the annual average for energy
performance of Top Ten winners has exceeded 2030
targets. (In 2015, 7 0 % became the target, but projects awarded
that year were completed earlier.) The cumulative average
for that period (2010-2015) is 6 4 % reduction, compared to
a 50 - 6 0 % target for 2030 during those years. The annual
averages also are significantly higher—nearly double in some
years—than the annual averages for all projects reported to the
2030 C ommitment, according to the AIA.55 For example, the
2014 average for Top Ten was 67%, compared to 36.9% for all
projects reporting to 2030—a 30 -point difference.
All of these numbers are based on predicted performance, not
actual, and intention and outcome can vary widely. A 2008 study
by the New Buildings Institute examined actual energy
performance (measured post-occupancy) for 121 LEED -certified
buildings and found that 25% achieved higher than expected
53 LE E D for New C onstruction v3 (2009) EA1 “Optimize Energy Performance”awards points for6 % to 5 0 % reduction from a baseline.
54 Brown, “Performance by Design,” 2009
F I G U R E 2 7 Energy savings in “Top Ten Plus” Winners, 2013-2015
Measure 7:Energy Flows & Energy Future
T H E A M E R I C A N I N S T I T U T E O F A R C H I T E C T S
AIA C O TE Top Ten 1997-2015 0 4 9
F O R W A R D 0 4 / I N T R O D U C T I O N 0 5 / S U M M A R Y 0 6 / B A C K G R O U N D 0 7 / D A T A C O L L E C T I O N + A N A L Y S I S 0 9 / G E N E R A L T R E N D S 1 0 / E V A L U AT I O N C R I T E R I A 22 / M E A S U R E S 2 4 / C O N C L U S I O N + R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 6 2 / R E F E R E N C E S 6 5 / T O C
55 “AIA 2030 C ommitment 2014 Progress Report,” 2015
outcomes, while 21% fell below the code baseline.56 In the
aforementioned 2009 COTE-sponsored study, the researcher
collected actual energy performance data for 28 Top Ten winners
and discovered that about a third used “significantly more energy
than predicted.”57
Beginning in 2016, actual energy performance information is
being requested in the submission forms for all Top Ten entries.
COTE believes that collecting more of this information will paint
a clearer picture of how outcome aligns with intent. In the
meantime, for each year since 2013 the “Top Ten Plus” program
has awarded a past winner with exemplary post-occupancy
performance. With the very limited group of three winners, actual
energy performance has been dramatically better (15-31%) than
expected.
Additionally, for the state of California, the New Buildings
Institute (NBI) tracks “Ultra-low Energy Verified” buildings,
which have a year or more of metered data documenting energy
performance 6 0 - 8 0 % better than the national industry
average.58 The most recent list (October, 2015) includes one
Top Ten winner: Brooks + Scarpa’s C olorado C ourt Affordable
Housing (2003 winner). N BI lists the project’s net EUI as 36.4,
7 % better than the pEUI listed in the submission (39).
The research team also looked for net-zero energy (NZE)
buildings among Top Ten winners. One challenge is that this
term means different things to different people. It wasn’t until
2015 that the Department of Energy released its “C ommon
Definition of Zero Energy Buildings”: “an energy-efficient
building where, on a source energy basis, the actual annual
56 Turner and Frankel, 2008
57 Brown, ibid.
F I G U R E 2 8 Energy Performance in Top Ten Winners, 1997-2015
% reduction from national median EUI for building type
Measure 7:Energy Flows & Energy Future
1997 1998 1999 2 0 0 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
0 %
2 0 %
4 0 %
6 0 %
8 0 %
1 0 0 %
9 0 %
7 0 %
5 0 %
3 0 %
1 0 %
T H E A M E R I C A N I N S T I T U T E O F A R C H I T E C T S
AIA C O TE Top Ten 1997-2015 0 5 0
F O R W A R D 0 4 / I N T R O D U C T I O N 0 5 / S U M M A R Y 0 6 / B A C K G R O U N D 0 7 / D A T A C O L L E C T I O N + A N A L Y S I S 0 9 / G E N E R A L T R E N D S 1 0 / E V A L U AT I O N C R I T E R I A 22 / M E A S U R E S 2 4 / C O N C L U S I O N + R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 6 2 / R E F E R E N C E S 6 5 / T O C
58 “California Z NE Watchlist”
Verified “Net-Zero Energy” Top Ten Winners, 1997-2015:
Measure 7:Energy Flows & Energy Future
delivered energy is less than or equal to the on-site renewable
exported energy.”59 Nine Top Ten winners have been verified by
New Buildings Institute (NBI) as achieving net zero energy in
this way.6 0 These nine account for a fifth of all projects
confirmed by N BI. One additional Top Ten project, the Wayne
N. Aspinall Federal Building and U.S . C ourthouse, is classified by
N BI as “emerging,” meaning it has yet to verify but is seeking
NZE.
2015
2014
The Bullitt C enter, Seattle, WA (Miller Hull)
David and Lucile P ackard Foundation Headquarters,
Los Altos, CA (EHDD)
N R E L Research Support Facility, Golden, CO (RNL)
Omega C enter for Sustainable Living, Rhinebeck, NY
(BNIM)
Watsonville Water Resource C enter, Watsonsville, CA
(WRNS)
Aldo Leopold Legacy C enter, Baraboo, WI (Kubala
Washatko)
Hawaii Gateway Energy C enter, Kailua-Kona, HI
(Ferraro Choi)
Leslie Shao-Ming Sun Field Station, Woodside, CA
(Rob Wellington Quigley)
Lewis C enter for Environmental Studies, Oberlin, OH
(William McDonough + P artners)
2011
2010
2010
2 0 0 8
2007
2 0 0 5
2002
Finally, the research team studied energy performance in
the 2012-2015 winners, compared to all submissions for
that period (some 300+ projects). The average for the non-
winning submissions actually was slightly higher (4 - 5 % ) than
59 “A C ommon Definition for Zero Energy Buildings,” 2015
T H E A M E R I C A N I N S T I T U T E O F A R C H I T E C T S
AIA C O TE Top Ten 1997-2015 051
F O R W A R D 0 4 / I N T R O D U C T I O N 0 5 / S U M M A R Y 0 6 / B A C K G R O U N D 0 7 / D A T A C O L L E C T I O N + A N A L Y S I S 0 9 / G E N E R A L T R E N D S 1 0 / E V A L U AT I O N C R I T E R I A 22 / M E A S U R E S 2 4 / C O N C L U S I O N + R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 6 2 / R E F E R E N C E S 6 5 / T O C
6 0 “2015 List of Zero Energy Buildings”
Measure 7:Energy Flows & Energy Future
the average for winners. Energy performance alone does not
guarantee a win and does not always demonstrate compelling
sustainable design, which depends on a more holistic approach.
For example, the researchers found a correlation between
daylighting and energy performance. A 10% improvement in
daylight autonomy appears to reduce energy consumption
by 3 - 4 % on average. This trend is yet another indicator of
integrative design in Top Ten winners.
F I G U R E 31 Daylight and Energy Reduction in Top Ten Winners, 1997-2015
1 0 % 2 0 % 3 0 % 4 0 % 5 0 % 6 0 % 7 0 % 8 0 % 9 0 % 1 0 0 %
Energy Reduction
1 0 0 %
9 0 %
8 0 %
7 0 %
6 0 %
5 0 %
4 0 %
3 0 %
2 0 %
1 0 %
0 %Daylight Autonomy
T H E A M E R I C A N I N S T I T U T E O F A R C H I T E C T S
AIA C O TE Top Ten 1997-2015 0 52
F O R W A R D 0 4 / I N T R O D U C T I O N 0 5 / S U M M A R Y 0 6 / B A C K G R O U N D 0 7 / D A T A C O L L E C T I O N + A N A L Y S I S 0 9 / G E N E R A L T R E N D S 1 0 / E V A L U AT I O N C R I T E R I A 22 / M E A S U R E S 2 4 / C O N C L U S I O N + R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 6 2 / R E F E R E N C E S 6 5 / T O C
ENERGY LEADERSHIP?
2030 AVERAGE35%
TOP TEN AVERAGE63%
PROBLEM?WHAT IS THE
May 8, 2015
McGraw-Hill Construction, “World Green Building Trends,” 2012
F I G U R E 3 7 C ost versus Energy Reduction in Top Ten Winners, 1997-2015
Measure 10:C ollective Wisdom & Feedback Loops
that green building need not cost more than conventional
construction,6 8 and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory
calculates that adopting current best practices can achieve
significant energy savings at no additional cost.6 9 Yet, while
Top Ten winners generally are reaching extraordinary energy
performance, their cost effectiveness may not be as exemplary.
C omparing construction cost to energy reduction shows a very
modest, possibly negligible upward trend: each $100 spent per
square foot yields about 1% additional energy efficiency. The
cost per square foot for the 13 “net-zero energy” projects is
22 % higher than the average for all projects, while studies show
that net zero can be achieved for 5-12% above market rates.70
Nevertheless, some projects have shown excellent performance
at minimal cost. Six dozen Top Ten projects have been built
for less than $250 per square foot, and most of those have
achieved over 5 0 % energy reduction. Overland P artners’
Hughes Warehouse Adaptive Reuse (2015 winner) achieved
a 7 3 % energy reduction at only $71per square foot in the hot,
humid climate of San Antonio, TX. More exemplars of higher
performance with lower cost would be valuable case studies.
COTE is highlighting this opportunity in the current Top Ten
submissions forms, which state in Measure 1, “Exemplary cost-
effective strategies are encouraged.”
68 Morris and Matthiessen, 2007
69 N R E L, 2013
70 C ortese, 2014
$100 $ 2 0 0 $ 3 0 0 $ 4 0 0 $ 5 0 0 $ 6 0 0 $700 $ 8 0 0 $ 9 0 0 $1,0 0 0
3 0 %
2 0 %
1 0 %
0 %
4 0 %
6 0 %
8 0 %
1 0 0 %
9 0 %
7 0 %
5 0 %
T H E A M E R I C A N I N S T I T U T E O F A R C H I T E C T S
AIA C O TE Top Ten 1997-2015 061
F O R W A R D 0 4 / I N T R O D U C T I O N 0 5 / S U M M A R Y 0 6 / B A C K G R O U N D 0 7 / D A T A C O L L E C T I O N + A N A L Y S I S 0 9 / G E N E R A L T R E N D S 1 0 / E V A L U AT I O N C R I T E R I A 22 / M E A S U R E S 2 4 / C O N C L U S I O N + R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 6 2 / R E F E R E N C E S 6 5 / T O C
T H E A M E R I C A N I N S T I T U T E O F A R C H I T E C T S
AIA C O TE Top Ten 1997-2015 0 4 6
F O R W A R D 0 4 / I N T R O D U C T I O N 0 5 / S U M M A R Y 0 6 / B A C K G R O U N D 0 7 / D A T A C O L L E C T I O N + A N A L Y S I S 0 9 / G E N E R A L T R E N D S 1 0 / E V A L U AT I O N C R I T E R I A 22 / M E A S U R E S 2 4 / C O N C L U S I O N + R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 6 2 / R E F E R E N C E S 6 5 / T O C
+100%
0
-100%
+50%
-50%
ENERGY SAVINGS
CO
ST D
ELTA
+50% +100
OPTIMIZING ENERGY AND COST Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
COST NEUTRAL-60% ENERGY,
-30% ENERGY,
-15% COST
EFFICIENCY GAPOPPORTUNITY FOR INNOVATION
MARTIN LUTHER KING SCHOOLCambridge, MA
The NEW Highest-scoring LEED Platinum new school ?
69% energy/cost savings
NO ADDITIONAL COST
“The greenest Federal building ever.”
LEED PLATINUM+90% WATER reduction65% ENERGY reduction (before renewables)Produces 22% more energy than it needs+5-6% > market rate construction
NASAAMES RESEARCH CENTER
WILLIAM MCDONOUGH + PARTNERS
Average Cost Premium: est. 5-12%
Average Payback period: est. 3 yrs +/-
May 8, 2015
‘Green’ and sustainability havenothing to do with architecture.
Peter Eisenman
“ “
Sustainability has, or should have,no relationship to style.
Rafael Viñoly
“ “
Is ‘well-designed green architecture’an oxymoron?
The America Prospect
“ “
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DOES SUSTAINABILITY CHANGE THE FACE OF DESIGNOR JUST ITS CONTENT?
EARLY DESIGN DETERMINES 70-90% OF IMPACT
www.shapeofgreendesign.com
Finalist, “Book of the Year,” Urban Design Awards
Amazon’s #1 bestseller for sustainable design
“An inspirational guide to a future we can't wait to embrace.”
–John Elkington
“A crusade to revolutionize what it means to be sustainable.”
–Builder
SHAPETHREE KINDS OF
CONSERVATIONSHAPE FOR ECONOMY
ATTRACTIONSHAPE FOR PLEASURE
CONNECTIONSHAPE FOR PLACE
CONSERVATIONSHAPE FOR ECONOMY
• 40% more energy-efficient• Faster heating
Lakeland, flared cookware
SAVE• 300X weight of formwork• 50% concrete
Mark West, et al, Fabric-formed concrete
S E L F - S U S T A I N I N G F O R M
FORM-DRIVEN
PERFORMANCEFORM PERFORMANCE
Zaha Hadid
Zaha Hadid
Zaha Hadid Foster, London City Hall
Foster + Partners, London City Hall
Min. surface area
Self-shading
Max. transparency at north face
Max. sunlight reaches the riverwalk
Reduce surface area by 25% and energy by 75%
Sauerbruch Hutton, KFW Westarkade
SAVE• 70% energy
NET ZEROTOWER
AZURE COAST, CHINA
April 8, 2016
EHDD, Packard Foundation, Los Altos, CA
ATTRACTIONSHAPE FOR PLEASURE
“The most intelligent building in the world.”
Pacific Controls Building, Dubai (2007), 1st LEED Platinum in Middle East
ENERGY LEADERSHIP GROUP
SURVEYPOSITION STATEMENT
NOT ALL ARCHITECTS BELIEVE IN CLIMATE CHANGE
REUSING EXISTING BUILDINGS CAN BETWICE AS EFFICIENT WITH RESOURCESAS BUILDING A NEW, HIGH-PERF BUILDING
IT CAN TAKE 80 YEARS FOR A NEW HIGH-PERF BUILDING
TO MAKE UP FOR ITS OWN IMPACT
“In the end, we conserveonly what we love.”
Senegalese poet Baba Dioum
shape
pattern
color
D = 1 D = 2D = 1.3-1.4
Stress reduction: 60%Annual savings: $180 billion ?
D = 1.3-1.4
Nouvel, Louvre Abu Dhabi
CONNECTIONSHAPE FOR PLACE
Colombia Serbia Japan
IsraelUSA Spain
THE SINGLE BIGGEST OBSTACLE TO SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCESIGNATURE STYLE
New EnglandVirginia
FORM DOES NOT FOLLOW FUNCTION
Renzo Piano Building Workshop, Tjibaou Cultural Center
Lake/Flato, World Birding Center
Glenn Murcutt, Kangaloon House
RESIDENTIAL TOWERSDUBAI, UAE
“a place apart”
“a part of place”
#PEgreen15INNOVATIONREDESIGNING
Perkins Eastman
LANCE HOSEY, FAIA, LEED FellowPrincipal / Chief Sustainability Officer