PART 1 - Fox Valley Memory

F\V H. S. LIBRARYFV L APPLETON, WIS.

HISTORY OF

OUTAGAMIE COUNTYWISCONSIN

Being a General Survey of Outagamie County History includinga History of the Cities, Towns and Villages throughout

the Countr, from the Earliest Settlement tothe Present Time

THOMAS H. RYANEditor-in-Chief

ADVISORY BOARD

HENIhY D. RYAN ISAAC N. STE\ ART

JOHN D. LAWE C-I ARLES E. RAUG(;HT

I'ETER 'UTIBBS LOIC)1T S 1 ACu (COT

1()JiN -

E EBEN E, REXFORD

CHICAGOGOODSPlEI ED HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION

PUBLISHERS

TE KENNEBBE MYW-Hlc X.

a :

PREFACE

A N LEXAMI[NAVTI'ON of this volumie by subscribers will revealllade in newspaper files, early French and Indian records,

that a vast extent of original 'research for material has beenpublic documents and private memoranda of various kinds. Theobject has been to comipress into the pages, even at the partial ex-pense of finished literarv style, interesting and valuable da.ta con-cerming the county so far as space would allow. In order to dothis, and to show our appreciation of friendly and considerate treat-iment and reasolnable patronage, we have extended the number ofpages iore than five hundred beyond what was planned at theoutset. It will le seen. that we have saved from. permanent lossthousands of interesting items usually overlooked or disregardedby- local historilans. 'Ths' a permanent foundation, whiclh can be

elaborated Cand ilm uproved by subsequent writers, has been laid fort future perfect county history. -Generally, statistical tables and

routine p:loceedings have been avoided, a.nd a narrative form hasbeen .adopted. 'he book necessarily contains errors, though it isbelieved that, owing to the great care exercised, they will be foundto be comparatively few. The publishers .stand ready, as is theircustom, to correct all such by a special errata sheet to be sent tosubscribers to be pasted in the books. As a. whole, we feel confidentthat our subscribers, who have our thanks. for their patronage, willappreciate this fine volume.

TI-IE PUBLISHERS.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

HISTORYPAGE.

(eology, Rocks, Drift, Soil, Water Power, Drainage, et. ................. 1.

Exploration, Indians, Traders, Voyageurs, Hiistoric Places, etc ............. 2

County Affairs Before 1880, Organization, Acts of the Board, Societies,Finances, Roads, etc ............................... .....

Appleton before 1880, Origin, Industries, City Council, Public Works, Ad-vanceient, Banking, Officials, etc ..................................

Politics before 1880, Parties, Conventions, Candidcates, Maass Mieetings,Election Returns, etc ...... ......... .......................

Military Record, Civil War, Spanish-American War, G. A. R., Other Org'ani-zations, Relief, Monuments, Decoration, TMemorial Services, et ........ 29S

Appleton 1880 to 1911, City Council Proceedings, Officials, Public Woril'sIndustr-ies, Finances, Banking, Improvenients, Commission Governmenlt.etc. . ............................................................ 35

Politics 1880 to 1911, Conventions, Nominees, Primaries, Politicians, PartyIssues, New Parties, Election Returns, etc( ........................... 388

Boating, Stage Lines, Mail Routes, Railways, Telegraphs, Telephones, Elec-tric Lights and Lines, etc .......................... ............. 407

Medicine, Surgery, Dentistry, Epidemics, Diseases, Operations, Societies, etc. 442

Clhurchles Pastors, Sunday Schools, Buildings, Various REeligious Societies,Benevolence, Temperance, Music, etc ................................ 469

Bench, Bar, Circuit Court, Trials, County Court, Officials, Municipal Court,Associations, etc. .................... ............................. 15

Education, Subscription Schools, Common School System, High Schools,Grades, Union System, County Schools, Statistics, NTew Methods, etc... . 34

Kaukauuna, ?rench Settlement, Business, Incorporation, Officials, PublicWorks, Improvements, etc ......................................... 570

Settlement, Towns, Incidents, Wild Animals, Storms', Logging, Early Schools

and Churches, Trails and Roads, Seymour, Hortonville, Black Creek,Shioeton, Little Chute, Kimberly, Snidersville, Oneida, Incorporation,Industries, Recent Improvements, etc ............................... 127:

Miscellaneous Events, First Settlement of the County, Appleton's FirstOfficials and Finances, Trouble in the Council, Seal, City, Appleton in1853, Recent Officials, Little Chute, Institutes and Clubs, etc .......... 1.38(

Biography and Reminiscence ..................... ............. ... 5 91

BIOGRAPHY

A. PAGE. PAGE.

Abel, William ................ 774 Adsit, Amos Elias, D. D. S..... 1161Abraham, Frederick Mr ........ 837 Albert, Henry. ............... 722Abraham, Henry W., MI. .D ..... 614 Allen, Eliwyn C ............... 1155Abrahams, Isaac A ............ 1108 Allen, Mr.. MIartha J ......... 995Adkins, Charles G ............. 1227 Ames, Bostic H.............. 879

Adkins, Charles V ............. 1228 Ames, William 1)............ . 769

http://www.foxvalleymemory.org/photoindex/files/record.asp?id=P-29-94

http://www.foxvalleymemory.org/photoindex/files/record.asp?id=PP-69-188

6 T ~'AiBLE OF CONATEA7TS

PAGE. PAGE.Anderson, Warren ............ 1189 Bowlby, 1H. L................. 662Appleton Machine Company. .. .. 1115 Brainard, Carlos iXM ........... 1111Armitage, Albert E ........... 788 Brandenberg, lired ............ 776Ashman, John ................ 1204 Brass, Otto ................... 829Assinan, Gust ................. 1095 Breitriek, Charles ............. 917Aul, Emil.................... 1101 Breitrick, William ............ 996

Breitung, Albert A., Sr ........ 1208B. Breitung, Oswald ............. 1246

Babcock, Fllllk (C .. B. 1). S.... 774 Brenner, Karl F. George..... 799Baechlelici·: liFranlklia H. 863 Briggs, Ansel Bailey .......... 825Bacelnniu iliam C........Brill, John ... 898-Baeliman, mWilliam G........ 97 Joh .......... . 895SBalker, William ............. 655 Brugger, Albert .............. 796Baldwin, Hon. Geoge1072 Broka N. H ........ 1007Baldw-in, Geoge Benjao min. ... 1073 Brooks, Everett H.,. M. 1...... 709Baldwin, Charles Frederick. .. . 1073 Brusewitz, Albert............. 745Ballard, Anson.............. 108 Bux, illiam................ 8671Barnies n. Lynan Eddy. 1040 Buboltz, Albert ............... . 858Bartels Fred ................. 674 Buchanan, William......... 678Boaner Joihn C................ Bunman Charles 11............. 856ulanuen, W (Ill... .. ......... 1225 9Ba.mnBlallln Willial (.......... 9 Budick, Erastus P ............ 843Bayorgeon, Anma P 9reistel ...................... 62Beach, Andrew J............. 1201 :Bulgert, iFrederick M.I......... ,866Bean, Walter ........... ...... 1137o .................. 976Ili" . . .1 Busch, John .................. 976Becker, Alois ................. 116 tler W............. 758Becker, Franlk lb.............. 1074I:ecker, .John .................. 1069Blecker, Julius E....... ....... 690 Bleelen, John I............... 1064 Calibe, Henock Charles ........ 682Bleemster, John ............... 649 Calmes, Frank ............... 101.5Beggs, Archie ................ 675 Canavan, James V., M. 1) ...... 664Behin, Gustave A............. 986 Cance, Edmond J............. 910Bender, Moses................ 1142 Carneross, Ralph E ........... 640Behtle, 'rederick............. 1192 Carter, Adelbert B............ 719Berg , Ignatz George ........... 1086 Carter, Henry W ............. 1202Berg, John l................. 1101 Casey, John .................. 830Bergnians, Adrian ............. 997 Catlin, Mark................... 1109Bernard, Francois............. 1017 Charlesworth, Frank M1 ....... 800Bertschy, Perry Henry........ 980 Christophersen, Charles........ 1215Bessing, Henry Anton......... 601 Citizens National Bank ....... 817Blake, Richie R .............. 731 Clack, Charles ............... 604Blake, William G.............. 1251 Clark, Frank E............... 651Blake, William J.5.............. 1255 Clark, Michael F1.............. 865Blanshal, Charles Rogers ...... 883 Clark, William 0 ............... 730Bleick, Ferdinand J........... 736 Colburn, Frank H1 ............. 704Bleick, Ierman............... 1144 Cole, Chales ............... 1017Bleick, Louis George .......... 977 Cole, Robert I., D. ). S...... 1169Boelter, Julius H............. 1202 Colwitz Charles .............. 628Boehime, Alwin F............. 900 Comerfo rd, William ........... 1176Bohl, August ................ 1235 Conkey, Alexander. ........... 835Bohl, Fred ................. 1210 Conlon, William J............ 907Boldt, John C ................ 1123 Coonen, Martin ............... 901Bonini, Louis, Jr.............. 1200 Conway, John ................. 1038Bonnii, H-Ierman .............. 1.248 Coppes, John ................. 106Boon, John Allen ............. 689 Cornelius, Chester P........... 1059Bowmana , B. N ............. ... 1240 Court, Ewalt .... ............ 744Bfoyd, Charles D., M. D ........ 1059 Court, Henry C ............... 64Boyd, Charles S .............. 1049 Cotter, Patrick ................ 1213Boyd, Samuel .............. 1034 Cotter, William P............. 1190Boye, I) J.................. 1170 Culbertson, Alexander........... 622Bottensek, Joh ............... 852 Culbertson, John.............. 1004

ow-arnman, Edward R......... 837 Cuff, George A................. 1241







TABLE OF CONTENTS

D. PAGE. PAGE.

I)lanls, Albert ............... 725 Fischer, Andrew. ............. 1209.Dalke, Henry J............... 1226 Fischer, Frank F ............. 1212Danielson, A. 0.......... 595 Fish, Stillman N.............. 724Davis, A. H............ . 1192 Fisher, Rudolph D............ 704D)ay, Thomas . .......... 770 Fitzgerald, James F1........... 1269Dean, Dwigoht W .............. 933 Fitzmaurice, Rev. Walter J ... 1018Deering, Gregor............... 995 Flanagan, John.............. 850Degal, William............... 92( Flunker, August W........... 875Deimer, Frank ................. 973 Fockel, Willian ............... 1223;Deml, George. ................. 757 loote, WT. J., D. ). ......... 1168Dempsey, Peter J............. 849 Forster, Max ................ 881Dettmann, Rev. Gustave ....... 890 Forstner, Williami ............ 656De Wall, G. H ................ 1248i Forward, Fayette L ........... 608Dey, John . ................... 1001 Foster, Argo M., M. ....... 845Dietrich, Albert .............. 752 Foster, Henry A.............. 1035liestler, Herman 0. .105 ........ 1035 Fountain, John............... 1153

D)ietzler, Jacob ............. . 1070 Fox River Paper Company. .... 611Diffording, William 1I ......... 1 _265 I'ranh, William A............ 686DittmIer, Hon. Francis ....... 105(6 1Fraser, Allen A............... 766Donaldsen Frank E., M. 1) .... 10)65 lFreeman, Hiram G ........ 962,611D)ouglas, Earl11 W., D. 1). S..... 1107 Flreund, Jacob. ............... 1085D)ouglass, James H............ 889 Fries, Frank ................. 1016)owner, A. (G................. 1207 Fritz, aTeodore ............. 741I)owner, George R ............ 815)orow, Fred ............ 762 C.Doyle, Joseph H-I., M. D-........ 1239 ( Gablowsky, Paul............ .. '657Dreissen, Edward G........... 854 . 92I)rinks, Bernhart ............. 1097 G nr Er ................ 31

Gardner, Edward .. .... .. .631riscoll.......... Gavey, Pat ................ 122

DImI~t. I.~'GaePrk .... ra ............ _8401226Gayhart, Michael J ........... 1199Geenen, D. M. and A ........... 653

E. Geenen, William . .......... . 892

Eagle MfLanlufacturling Company] . (() 680 Gehring, Andrew. ............. 1175

Ebert, William .. 980 Gehlke, Andre ............... 60Edmonds, Hon. Edward A..... 1050 , on .............. 928lEdnmonds, ' Lewis MI\iles......... 769 Gillespie, John ................ 1128Eick, Charles ................. 1081 illett, haes ......... Eick, Louie ...... 1102 ilan, Joseph ............... 812IEiscih O)tto . 723 G an, Wil liam L ............ 812Ellenbeeker, Anthony.......... 658 Glassbrenner, Frederick.. ..... 669Eljlenhbeke. Joseph:.......... 1210 Gloudemans, Arnold........... 1099Ellsworth. Herbert E., M. 1) .... 936i londemans, Jo .......... 125Endter, August............... 965 G(loudemans, Peter A .......... 144- ib, Er eman .a ................ 103i 6 (IGlueckstein, Michalae ........... 667•I Eskiman IA-el ................. 1243 Goodland, Hon. John ............. 958

Goodland, John, Jr ............ 1046Gosse, Ferdinand W ............ 827

F. Gosse, William ................ 1118Falck, F rank a................. 982 Gaf, Carl............... . 885Farnam, Eliab ...h ............ 833 3 Graf, Herman ................ 1197I1arrell, W illiall.............. 810 Grandy, Robert .............. 1242IFassbender. Hubert ........... 957 Gresenz, August .............. 1121Fassbender, John M........... 764 Griesbach, Henry ............. 1174Fassbender, Joseph P.......... 923 riesbach, John............... 1174Fassbender, Peter. ...... . 766 (iriesbach, Joseph ............. 974Faust, Joseph J............... 1044 Griesbach, Sebastian .......... . 1173Faust. Nicholas............. 1021 Griswold, E. Clarence ......... 783Faville, Rev. John............. 911 Griswold, Wiifield............ 1082Felton, J. N. ............... 1269 Groat, John .................. 1247Feurig, Gustave Henry ....... 607 Grossman, Henry.............. 908Fiestedt. Henry. ............... 1066 Grothl, Willia ............. ..... 1179



38 TA.BLE OF COANTEINTS

PAGE. PAG E.

Gruniert, Moritz F '............ 847 Hills, Hubbard E ............. 882Grutzmacher, Carl ............ 1195 Hodgins, Douglas ............. 87SG(ummlermaii, Rev. Basilius, O. Hodgins, Joseph Arthur....... 1190

M. Cap..................... 1071 Hoefer, Fred W ............. 708Hoehne, Fred ............... 784

lI. Hoffman, Servatus............. 633Hoh, Henry L................ 729

HIaas, Charles ................. Ho, Loui s.................. 49Hackel, John, Jr.............. 884 Hoier, Anton. ...........Hackleman, William 1-1........ 708 -Iolz, Alfred P., M. D ........ 657Ilackworthy , John ............ 675 olz, illia ............... 1701lagen, Charles J ............. 35 Ioyt, TVWillian M1 ............. 771THaln, Charles. ............... 777 Huebner, Ernest A............ 1198Hahn, Emarnuel .............. 762 Hunsicker, John ............. 88SHahn. Julius E............... 19 ut, rederick W........... 1091Hlallock, Ernest Corson, D. D. S. 900 Hurlman, Arnold ............ 933'Hlalloran, Dennis P........... 1123 Huse, Frank ...Ham, John D................. 65ilamimen, John............... 1271I-ansleit, Christ ............... 969 J.-lardackel, Herman Taylor.... 922 Jack, Edward John........... 873

H1arp, Ferdinand ............. 893 .Jack, Jacoob ................. 881H-ardy, John ................ 66 Jacobs, August .............. 109;3larriman, Frank WT ........... 643 Jacquot, John B.............. 1033Harrimlan, Fred E ............. 1047 Jacquot, John L .............. 946-IartsAorm, Benjamin J........ 17 Jaccquot, Louis ............... 832fHartsworm, Paul. .............. 74 .Jage, Edward ............... 743Ifartsworn, John.............. 710 Jahnke, August ............... 87Hartzheim, Frank J1 .......... 1 222 .amison, William G........... 1067fHarwood, F. J ............... 1028 Jansen, Edwar ..d . ........... 1229

Hawley, James E ............ 919 Jansen, Ienry ................ 894Hassinger, Edward L.......... 1131 Jansen John................. 1049Hauert, Frank WTT ............. 730 anssen, Gerrit. ............. 1261

auert, Fred C ............... 63 nkel, rederick............. 660Hlauert, Jacob. ................. 77 Jennerjahn, Henry........... 743Hauert, Jacob J.............. 737 Jent.z, Albert ................. 1084Haug, John.................. 1145 entz, er ................ 1084H-eagle, Jacob ............... 852 Jepson, Albert................ 1200Hechel, Michael ............... 616 Jepson, Frank ................ 49)Heckert, Herman, Sr ......... . 1167 .Jepson, Warren ............... 864Heenan, John Stephen ........ 648 Johnson, Dr. Henry T .. ........ 11)93Iegner, Leo August .......... 1160 Johnson, Orrin ............... 1219Heidmann, Joseph ........... 903 Johnson, Dr. 0. N ............. 119:Ieidman, Joseph ............. 903 Johnson, William MW ........... 65Heideniann, John Henry ....... 1232 Jonen, Peter.................. 1231Heiman, John............... 1149 Jones, Hon. George C .......... 959Heinemann, F................ 668 Joosten, Martin M ............ 1071Heindl, Wenzel ............. . 932 Julius, Charles ................ I 15Heller, Henry Sylvester........ 1110 Julius, Christ ................. 621Helns, Henry ............. .. 1175 Julius, John ............... .. 1191.Henes, Anton ................ 1154Henrichs, Charles J............ 1180Henry, Robert E .............. 620 Herman, Charles G: ............ 959 Kahn, Julius.............7.... 42Herman, John................ 831 Kamps, Gerhard.............. 768Herinsen, John ............... 930 Kanips, Herman A ............ 9Hermsen,. Marti .............. 928 Kanouse, Abijah MT. M. D.. . 63'9Heubner, Charles............. 1136 Karweick, August ............. 19Hiietpas, Nicholas ............. 1094 Kathagen, Antone............. 99Hilger, John August ........... 1147 Kaukauna Lumber & 3Ifg. Co. .. 104Hiller, Alfred ............... 979 Kean, John .............. 69Hills, Alfred R ................ 969 Keelan, James D...... ........ 956



TABLE OF CON TE'NTS 9

PAGE. I PAC E.

Keifer, Nieholas.............. 914 Lampke, Charles H ........... 855Keller, Kuno F. ............. 1005 Landers, Thomas ............. 1SKeller, Louis H............... 1006 Lanser, Mathias .............. 1 5105

Keller, Prof. Paul G. W ....... 612 La Salle Hotel ............... 77Kelly, Thomas ................ 1126 Laudon, Joseph .. ......... 990FKennedy, Leon................ 1234 Lauersdorf, Gustave........... 1206Kern, Frank ................. 1079 Leahy, Daniel ............... 1134Kerr, Dr. Richmond.( ........... 02 Lecker, Herman .............. 221Kesting, Charles H ........... 603 Lehrer, Joseph ............... 784

Kerwaek, Herman Carl ........ 1132 Lehrer, Siegfried ............. 734Kessler, John ................. 637 Leininger, Johnl .. .... ........ 861Keune, Alfred G-.............. 805 Leisgang, Frank.............. 791

Klispert, George, Jr............. 1231 Lemke, Marx A ............... 909Kitzinger, Mathew. ............ 750 Lempke, Joseph............... 621Kitzinger, Mathias ............ 1260 Lettmann, Gerhard ............ 6(7

Klarner, Frank ............... S62 Liebhaber, Benno ............. 1170Klein, Joseph ................. 923 Lillge, Henry C .............. 715Kling, John .................. 1029 Linsmeyer, Joseph ............. 1196Klitzke, August ............... 685 Lippert, Anton .............. . 1165

Klitzke, William .............. 919 Lisbeth, Stanislaus F. ......... 937

Knaack, Louis C...............1172 Little, Thomas B .............. 1164Knapstein, Henry ............. 868 Lochman, Rt. Rev. Peter Joseph 1079Knapstein, Theodore ........... 1236 Lochschmidt, Adolph........... 876

Knegtel, Rev. Theodore........ 10(47 Lockery, Michael M......... 110:3Knuppel, August .............. 677 Lord, Osborn G., M. 1)........ 772Koch, Anthony J. ............ 739 Lowe, John ................... 834Koepke, Otto ................. 713 Luck, Gustaf E ............... 1184

Koffend, Joseph. ............. 645 Luebke, Albert ................ 814

Kohl, Charles ................. 1152 Lueck, Herman F............. 860

Kohl, Michael ................. 669 1Lutz, Lawrence .............. 119(i

Kolleth, Albert ............... 793 Lyons, James A., M. D......... 970

Kolleth, August ............... 1103 Lyons. William L ............. 935

Koletzke, Ferdinand ........... 1181Komp, Joseph E .............. 1249 M.Konrad, Gust ................. 1207 Aacs Pete.. 12Krahn, August................ ..... .60Krahn, Charles ................ 1227 Main, Gilbert..868K rause, Aug·. ¥V~ain Gilbert ................. 8Krause, Aug. I W.... .,8 19 Mansfield, Willard G......... 80l(rause, Henry G ............. 797Krause, Henry ................. . l Marcks, August ............... 778Kressin, A...........800 Martens, Julius J ............. 1 06Kressin, Frank............... 91arsal, Victor ., . D...... Kressin, Frederick........... 1290 Marston, Captain Josep H............

Kreutzoerg, Henry...... .. l 1417 Marx, Hl enry N ............... 69Krueger, Albert...............6.. 4/ Martin, Willia .............. 1264

Kroner, John ................ 1211 Maschinsky, Gusta. .......... 877Krugmeier, Albert -T .......... 642 Alert. ..... 1256Krull, Emil ................... 86 Ma John ........ ......... 94Kubitz, William J............. 1001 Maylahn, Charles F........... 659Kuehhn, Robert ................ 1077IKuehne, Robert . ............ 107 7 McCarthy, John Thomas....... 1.090(Kuhn, Charles ............... 1181 McCarthy, Michael John. ...... 1222unimroow, Albert F ........... 895Kuinrow, Albert F...... . 89 AMcCarthv, Patrick ............ 1233

Kumrow, Bert ................ 913 M1cCarthy, William P.......... 707urz, Frank ................ 1032 McCarty, Dennis.............. 801

McCa.ty, Joseph J............ 801L. iMcDermott, Martin........... 726

Ladholz, Henry ............... 683 McGinnis, Daniel ............. 1194

Laird, Alexander ........... .... 596 M'cGlone, Patrick ............. 1205

Laird,John Janison, . D.. 63( McKeever, John ............ .. 1117

Laird William. .............. 916 McLean, Aleander W......... 846Laird, William J1 .............. 1249 McLeish, William ....... .. 688

Lambie, John A.............. 951 MAeating, Arthur G............ 640



10 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE PGE.. PAGE.

Meidam, John................. 1114 Oaks, Charles P............ 629Meidam, Miles ................ 845 Oelke, Henry J............... 822Meidam, Stephen .............. 870 0 'Keefe, Edward ............ 911Meltz, John.................. 1.188 O'Keefe, William E., D. D. S.. 891Menning, Lewis............... 820 O'Leary, James D............ 1218Menning, William............. 906 Orbison, Thomas W ........... 938Menting, John ............... 927 Ort, Frederick ............... 108Merbach, Fred ................ 781Merity, John ................ 695 MIerkl, William ............... 900 Packard, George 11........... 1130Mews, William.. .ach, Jo ............... n905Meyer, Cornelius.............. 701 Palmer, Edin S............ 859Meyer, Henry William ....... 1003 Paquin, chael. 1225MAIeyer, William .712 Parker, John L................ 841MIichelstetter, William ........ 1061 Patterson, Wilson ........... 5Mielke Herma 779 , anPal Agst,J . .............. 1203

Miller Frederk WiPlli am. .::: 1122 Peabody, George Frederick ..... 1018.-iller, Frederick Williain...... 1122 Pease, Marion W .............. 1177

Miller, George ................ 111............... \iler RHichard............... 1152llPeters, Frank., ............... 599Miller, Richard ............... r5

Peters, Hans ................. 1267Mitchell, M. F . ............... 739 Peters, Henry ............... 1255MAodersohn, Julius..... . 841 Peters, Herman John ......... 1.188Moehring, Ernest ............. 1250 Peters, William .............. 1126Moeskes, Gerhard T........... 954 Petersen, Andrew FP........... 681Molitor, John................. 1000 Petersen, Fred ............. 767Moore, Luther H., D. D. S..... 724 Petersen, Fred ............... 1120Morack, Henry J.............. 869 Petersen, Louis A............ 1150Morgan, John G ............. 612 Petit, Frank ......... 1247Morgan, Col. Nathan E....... 741 Phillips, Frank 1.............. 652Morrow, E. J............ 761 Pierce, Edward. .............. 706Morse, John A................ 595 Pierce, Humphrey............. 1014Mory, Charles H.............. 828 Pingel, William .............. 714Mueller, Charles William...... 619 Plank, Joseph J.............. 759Mueller, Emil ................. 775 Ploeger, Charles F............ 1025Mueller, Frederick A.......... 714 Ploger Brothers ............ 823Mullholland, Hon. Hugh J....... 1006 Pratt, Mrs. Deborah Cooley .... 710Mullen, Thomas J........ 755 Pratt, Harry K., D. D. S...... 723Murphy, Augustus L....... 826 reisler, Charles.............. 822Murphy, Catherine Agnes..... . 848 Priewe, Herman............. 1183iMurphy, Frankl S............. 1123 0 Prosser, Henry J............. 947Mur1rphy, James. . ........... ....... 918Mu a y, James ............. 906 Prunty, Patrick H.... ...... 918

Purath, Ferdinand ............ 711Puth, Frank ................ 615

N. Putney, George W............ 684Nagreen, Orlando ...... 950( Pynn, Alfred ................. 811Nelson. Birdell . ........... 1037Nelson, Nels . .......... 819 R.Newell, Sanford D ............ 654 Radeacher, August.......... 1206Nichols, Louis E............... 1106 Ralph Earl D................ 97Nicholson, Dexter Putnam ..... 1006 Ramsay, Bertin.. ............ 1031Nickel, Philip ...............'. 792 Raught, Charles E............. 1087Nickolay, Jacob .............. 720 Reeve, Dr. James Theodore .... 1022Nieland, John James .......... 597 Reeve, James S., M. D......... 1023Nile, The Company ........... 812 Reese, David E................ 957Nitschke, August .............. 853 Regenfuss, John .............. 854Noack Brothers ............... 717 Reick, William ................ 624Nolan, William N., M. D ...... 772 Reid, Alexander James ....... 1030Norenberg, Fred . ......... 981 Reid, Thomas B............... 1096Nugent Brothers .............. 887 Reiland, Nicholas.... ...... 1219Nutting, Clarence N........... 921 Reinke, Frederick F........... 945






TABLE OF CONTENTS 11

PAGE. IAGE.

Reis, Jacob ................... 1230 Schmidt, Bernard John ........ 1116

Reis, Louis ................... 1228 Schmidt, Louis C ........... 1013

Relean, William ............... 821 Schmidt, Mathias ............. Renn, John Joseph ........... 890 Schmidt, William ............. 763

Rettler, Nicholas F............ 838 Schnabl, Frank ................ 780

Reuter, Henry ................ 1042 Schneider, Henry ....... 760

Rexford, Eben Eugene ......... 1068 Schneider, John ............... 1135

Ripp, Reverend Conrad........ 861 Schneider, Stephen ........... 1234

Ristau, Charles. ............. 846 Schoettler, John F............ 6

Ristau, Gus W ................ 1025 Schonmmer, Nicholas C ......... 690

Ritger, Anton ................. 961 Schrader, Christian ........... 1238

Riverside Fiber & Paper Corn- Schroeder, Charles W.......... 1245

pany ....................... 1043 Schroeder, Frederick William... 872

Rohloff, Fred ..... .......... 1078 Schroeder, John S............. 71

Roloff, William .............. 1269 Schroeder, Paul.... 14SRooney, Francis J............. 1141 Schroeder, William. .......... 698

Rosenberg, Albert ............. 745 Schroeder, Willia m....... .. 830

Rossberg, Louis ............... 1150 Schroeder, William ............ 1127

Rothlesberger, August ......... 718 Schroeder, William ............ 1258

Rubbert, William .............. 984 Schroeder, William L......... 888

Ruessmann, Rev. Frederick L. . 1013 Schuetter, Henry ........... 940

Rupple, Samuel G ............ 1251 Schultz, Charles W ............ 1098

Ruscher, Fred W.............. 1178 Schultz, Frederick............. 113

Russell, John B ............... 1158 Schultz, Henry ............. 778

Russell, Walter M ............. 771 Schultz, Theodore ............. 632

Ruston, Robert ............... 605 Schulze, Daniel L ............ 125

Ryan, Clement E., M. D)....... 642 Schulze, Martin Augustus...... 73

Ryan, Daniel J .............. 904 Schulze, Robert W ............ 142

Ryan, David J ................ 994 Schulze, William ....... ...... 34

Ryan, Francis A.............. 993 Schulze, William ........... 878

Ryan, Henry D............... 994 Schueller, Engelbert........... Ryan, James ................... 993 Schreiter, Wenzel A ........... 971

Ryan, John C ................ 994 Schumacher, John ............. 811

Ryan, Patrick H .............. 726 Schuster, Otto E.............. 983

Ryan, Col. Samuel............ 992 Schwab, Conrad A ............. 6

Ryan, Samuel ................ 993 Schwab, Max ................. 662

Ryan, Samuel J............... 995 Schwaier, John.............. 1217

Ryan, Thomas -1 .............. 978 Scott, James R., M. D ......... 1230Sedo, Henry ................. 765

S. Shepherd, Reuben F ........... 1182•kerF E 1116 Shannon, S. C............ .... 1045

Saecker, F. E................. 1116 Sherman, David A. ... 999Saecker, H. G ................. 1116 Sherman, John J .............. 9

Sager, Hen. ................ .. 1110 Sherman, Wesley H ........... 941

Sandborn, Manley J.r , Mt. 1). .. .. 1 S4 Sievert, August ............... 964Sanders, Evert ................ 654 Sil, Wolf R ....... .......... 721Sasman, Frederick ........ i, olf R....749Sassmalnn, Phillir ............. .......... .. 663Sassmaan, Phillin .9.........·· 852 Silverwood, Percy WV......... .1062Schaefer, George R ............ 813 Sloan, Heny Schaetzel, Phillip ............. 17 Smith, H-on. Augustus Ledyard. 1051

Schafer, Henry. .12.224 Smith, The C. F., Livery &Schafer, Henry ...... . .. T sfe Co ay ....... 1_224Scharmann, Emil W .............. 1214 Trasfer Co y .......... 192Scheibe, Edward F........... 897............. Scheibe, Herman........... 104 S th, Clak E . ..........Scheibe, John.. .... ith, Oliver C ................ 815

Smith Rev. Reeder ............. .Schiedermeyer, George ......... 759 Smith, Rev. Reeder. ........... 9Schindler, Joseph J ......... .. 836 Smits, Martihn ........... .. 700Schlegel, Herman J . .......... 1186 Sudde, John ............... 02Schlimm, Henry N ............ 733 Sommers, Henry .............. 8

Schlosser, John Courtland ...... 768 Spears, John . ...... .. 597

Schmeichel, Fred .............. 939 Speel, Frederick ............. 02

Schmidt, Charles A ............ 1146 Spencer, Albert M............ 592


http://www.foxvalleymemory.org/photoindex/files/record.asp?id=PP-48-124A






12 TABLE OF CON\TEANTS

PAGE. PAGE.

Spencer, Frank Simeon ........ 1138 Ullmian, Joseph ............. 677Spoehr, Ernest ................ 630 UlInmer, Joseph Steven......... 1214Spoehr, William 1-1............ 631 llmer, Louis ............... 909Spry, Thomas ................ 1_115 TUlrilch, Anton ]F'. ..... . 671Staedt, Henry................ 750Stalker, David ................ 664 V.Stansbury, Emory, M. D ....... : 952 Van Asten, Walter. ......... 53Stark, Andrew H ............. 1163 Vandenhoy, John ............ 69Stark, Theodore Frederick ...... 1161 Vandenberg, Antone J........ 1080Steele, J. D .................. 1016 Vandenberg, John............. 703Steffens, Albert A............. 7583 Vandenberg, Lambert........ 1 25,-Steffens, Joseph J........... 754 Van Den Bosch, John......... 912Steinbrecher, Rev. Francis Xav- Vandervelden John........... 693

ier ........................ 1099 Van Der Loop, Arnold ......... 990Stellmacher, Fred W ........... 789 Van Heuklom, Edward G ...... 986Stengle, Frank ............... .1271 Van Oudenhoven, Cornelius .... 1.112Stewart, Isaac Newton........ 886 Van Roy, John.. 8 ......... 897Stewart, John A.............. 785 Verstegen, Arnold............. 804Stilpl), Stephen R .............. 844 Verstegen, Frank............. 1264-Striegel, Martin .............. 1217 Verstegen, John E.. ......... . 804Stuckart, John ................ 1129 Verstegen, Joseph ............. 803Sturm, Albert H.............. 795 Veistegen, Joseph.. ....... . 1_262Sturm, Henryy ................ 794 Vinal, Charles S .............. 651Sturm, Joseph ................ 1153 Voecks, Albert ............... 668Syvlvester, Charles......... .... 1257 Voecks, Emil ................. 896

Vogel, Edward HI............. 916T. Von Chrunigen, Emil ........... 1268

Taggart, Willi........ 122 Voss, William ............ 1... 1_187Tagge, Charles ............... 1260 Vosters, Louis ................ 1259Talbot, R. S................. 691T namtm, E. W ................. 782 W.Tanner, Herbert. Battles. M. 1). 1008 Wagg Solomon .......... 59Techlin, Otto................. 1237 Waite, Jonathan.............. 1171Tellock, Rudolph J........... 600 Walker, F. G................. 689Tennie, Joseph ............... 859 Wallace, Anthony ............. 844Tesch, William J ............. 785 Warning, Frederick C......... 1168rThiel, Edwin James Frederick. . 1239 Warning, Frederick Christian... 1186Thorn, Peter . ............... 942 Wasserbach, Jacob Fred .... ... 1139Thompson, Harry E ........... 783 XWebster, Warren M .......... 665Thompson, Lee E............. 1176 Weifenbach, Hugo ............ 1.041Thompson, Martin............ 935 VWeihing, George G ........... 835Thorn, Isaac .................. 944 Weissenborn, Albert B..... . 679Tibbets, Elias Alvin........... 1157 Welter, Phillip............... 991Tiedt, Robert ................ 1216 Weltzien, John Theodore...... 977Tillman, Frank ................ 1.233 Wendel, Charles T ............ 963Timm, Herman............... 1241 Wentink, Frank C............ 756Timrm, William H.............. 666 Wenzel, William ............. 732Torrey, Daniel MI ............. 747 Werbelowsky, Joseph David. . . 809Torrey, Fred N ............... 948 Werner, August.. .............. 673Town, Freeman 0............. 825 West, Albert John............ 702Tracy, Hon. John............. 1038 Wettengel, Albert A.......... 1119Trauller, Nick ................ 790 WVeyenberg, Henry ........... 1092Trettien, Frank FF............ 1113 Weyenberg, Theodore .......... 1263Tubbs, Lloyd ................. 791 Weyenberg, William........... 1088Tubbs, Peter................. 1054 Whipple, Carlos 0............ 818Tuttle, A. F .................. 68:1 Wichmann Brothers ............ 740

Wiedenhaupt, Charles......... 92117. Wilcox, Fred M .............. 892

lTecke, ,Hon. John............. 806 Wilharms, John D............ 1140Uecker, Emil W .............. 857 Williams, Roger Harrison ..... 1215TllImai, Gabriel .............. 676 Williams, Wesley B........... 824



-TABLE OF1 CON\TEN TS 13

P AG 1. PAGE.

W\\illiat n ,en George ............ 98 \\ underlich. i Fredeic k ...... F 1090\\Iillsonu Edgar G . ............ 1044 W underlichi William .......... 1159\\ilson, l'rank ............... 665 Wuudrow, August ............. 925\Winislowt, Rush, M'. D ......... 1075W\iunters, Nelson W ............. 1130 .WTiscon .in Tissue Pai)er Coin- Voung' , William B ............. 1 16

plany ..................... 687AWitt, J1ulus C . .......... 1194 .\Vittlhuhl . Charles ........... 705 Zahlrt, Charles 1 .............. 839Wittlin. JJohn ................. 66 1 Zahrt, Frank Henry. ......... .. 890\\ itllnalml , John .............. 924 Zeh, Edward S............... 7W\olf, Hubert . ................ 667 Zeh, Henry ................... 1172Wolf, John G ................ 751 Zeller, David ................ 931W\olf. Peter .................. 992 Zenier, Alex ................... 966\Volf, William. ................ 610 Zerbach, Rev. John E.......... 659\\ood, Jamies A . .............. 761 Zimmeman, William 1'........ 696\oods. James................ 728 Zschaechner, Herma .......... 920A\underlic h, Charles ........... 596 Zuehilke, Bernard J........... 609A\Vunderlieh, Christian.......... 842 Zwicker, Robert Amos ......... 1156

ILLUSTRATIONSFACING PAGE

AppJetu,(-. :1879 ...................................................... 448

Appleto; . College Avenue, 1868. ........................................ 96

Appleton Street Scene .. ............................................. 576

Applleton Views ................................................... 6.. 608

Apple tol Wate r Po er Chart. ................... ................ ....... 80

Bald-Wii, George ............................ ................. .480read . Da niel ...................................... ...... .......... 64

Busy 11ty,A Appleton .. ................ .... .... 544

Calnies. Frank ................... ............ .......... 92

laclk, Charles ...................................................... 960

(lulbertson. Alexander . . ...... .................... .............. 1024-

Dittmler. F. P.................................................. 1]088

Dl)ulha me-Grig no n H louse, Kaukauna .................................. 864

Flox River Paper Mfills, Aplpleton ............ .... ..... .......... ....... 7)0

(eologictal County Map) ..................................... 32

1larrimi a, F. W ................... ................... .................. 832

-ortonvi-lle Vriew-s ............ ........ ................................ 11

lJoies, George C ................................ ...................... 80(

KIaukau-; al, Views ..................................................... 768S

Meyerr, }. W .......... ............... ........................ 736

Old Sawmilr}, Hortonville ............................................... 704

BIaminsay, Bertin ...................................................... 672yvan, T homas H ................................ .......... (3 . . . 6401

Se-ymour Roller Mills ................................................ 384

Seymour Views ..................................... 352.........; 32

Shioetoir Views ...................................................... 160

Skeuand lit ..................................... ................... 64

Smith, Rev. Reeder. ............ .. .......................... ........ .

Winslow, Dr. Rush ............. ............. (..... ............ 256

Wolf, Wi illiam F ..................... ............... ..... 320

HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIECOUNTY

GEOLOGY, DRAINAGE, ETC.

EOLOGICALLY considered, the foundation of Outagamiecounty consists of what was formerly called "fundamentalgneiss," which embraced granites, gneisses, syenites andhornblendic, micaceous, chloritic and allied crystalline rocks

which were once sediments derived from the wear of earlier rocks.Concerning those earlier rocks little or nothing is yet known. It isbelieved that "the entire rock substance of the earth was once in amolten condition, and that on cooling it solidified, giving rise to aprimitive rock from which the greater portion of the sediments of allsubsequent geological formations was derived." Among the rocksthe gneissoid granites predominate to such a large degree that thewhole series may generally be termed granitic. Extending acrossthe east end of the county and covering about one-fourth of its sur-face are the Trenton (and Galena) limestones. Then in a narrowstrip extending northeast and southwest is the St. Peter's sandstone.Then comes an irregular band, amounting to about three townshipsof Lower Magnesia.n limestone. The balance of the county to thewestward is composed of Potsdam sandstone. The following tableshows the relation of these strata to others of this portion of thecountry.

Quaternaryr Cenozoic...... TertiaryC Tertiary

Mesozoic...... Reptilian

C arboniferous CincinnatiAGES..... Devonian Galena

Paleozoic. ..... Upper Silurian TrentonLower Silurian St. PetersCambrian Lower Magnesium

Potsdam

Ezoic......... HuronianLaurentian

The Potsdam period in this state is represented by the Pots-dam sandstone and the Lower Magnesian limestone.

17

18 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY

Sal ali.........Upper Silurian..... San

NiagaratNiagara ....... Clinton

MedinaOneida

The marine growth of Wisconsin ceased with the middle De-vonian age, at which time it finally rose above the ocean and eversince has been dry land. Thence forward its record was one of ero-sion until the Tertiary age. This erosion was finally interrupted bythe extraordinary work of the glacial period.

"In the progress of erosion and subsidence the sea advancedupon the Laurentian lands and separated from them a large islandwithin our northern boundaries, to which the name Isle Wisconsinhas been assigned since it became the nucleus about which gatheredthe later formations of our state."-Geology of Wisconsin, 1873-6.

"The valley from Green Bay to Lake Winnebago is exceedinglyabrupt on the east and very slightly-ascending on the west. This isdue to the nature of the rock from which the valley was eroded.The strata in this portion of the state dip to the eastward. Threegroups of beds are concerned in the formation of the valley. Theupper one which forms the cliffs on the east side is Magnesian lime-stone belonging to the Niagara period. Beneath this lies a series ofclays, soft shales and limestones forming the Cincinnati group.Under this is a hard thick-bedded dolomite known as Galena lime-stone which forms the bottom of the valley."-Geology of Wisconsin,1873-7.

The erosion in this valley is still going on, and no doubt it wasin progress before the glacial epoch and the partial valley thusformed probably influenced the southwestern movement of the icetherein. This ice movement still further deepened the valley as thegreat glacier moved up the Fox river basin. At a later date the val-ley became filled with red clay.

Terrace or Fluviatile epochChamplain or Lacustrine epoch

Quaternary Age ............ Second Glacial epoch(Glacial Period) Interglacial epoch

First Glacial epoch

"Green Bay, Lake Winnebago and the former Lake Horicon oc-cupy portions of a glacial channel and owe their origin to slightdrift obstructions thrown across the valley. The fact that Lake Win-negabo discharges through a channel having a rocky bottom doesnot militate against this statement, for the real channel of the val-ley is near Clifton on the east side of the lake. The drift blocksthis up and the lake pours over a low rock barrier that separates itfrom the parallel valley of Butte des Morts, which occupies a lower

HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 19

geological horizon. Were the drift removed a channel betweenMenasha and Clifton would drain the lake.

"Green Bay Glacier.-Another field of ice was thrust down westof Lake Michigan, having the Green Bay-Rock river valley forits axial channel. It expanded eastward until it came into contractwith the Lake Michigan glacier, and' on the western side until itreached a little beyond the center of the state. The margin of thisglacier separated from that of the Lake Michigan glacier in thenorthwestern part of Walworth county, and thence curved westwardacross R;ock river to the northwestern corner of Green county, thenceswept steadily to the northward, passing through Dane, Sauk, Adams,Waushara, Portage, Waupaca and Shawano counties and into Lin-coln where it joined the margin of a third glacial stream, the Ke-weenaw or Chippewa valley glacier."

"East of Wolf river valley is the more prominent though similarvalley of Green Bay and Lake Winnebago. In pre-glacial time itmust have been much smaller in size, having been excavated to itspresent great size by the glacier. Lake Winnebago alone covers about200 square miles, while the area of the connecting valley below(lower Fox river) is 400 square miles. The western slope of bothvalleys is gradual, but the eastern slope is precipitous, being cut outof the soft Cincinnati shales overlain by the hard Niagara limestone.The bed is the hard Galena limestone of the Trenton series. Theeastern side of the lower Fox river drainage basin rises abruptly 100to 200 feet above the water in Green Bay and continues as a lineof cliffs along the eastern shore of the present Lake Winnebago andthence southward, though'largely covered with drift in the southernpart of the state. The glacial action sent down an immense ice sheet,cutting out the valley of Lake Michigan while a branch tonguegouged out Green Bay valley to its present size. ,The floor of GreenBay valley has a rapid rise, Lake Winnebago being 166 feet aboveGreen Bay. The portion of the old valley now occupied by the upperFox was largely filled with drift and it seems probable that to theaction of the glacier in cutting down the intervening Lower Magne-sian rampart and in partially filling the upper valley of Fox river,is due the change in the flow of Upper Fox and Wolf rivers throughthe newly enlarged Green Bay valley to the lake. It is also likelythat the change in flow is partly due to a depression toward the north,which occurred during or after the recession of the glacier, as sug-gested by Major Warren. This depression caused an advance ofLake Michigan, which rearranged the drift and deposited the redclays. By means of the latter this ancient shore of the lake can nowbe traced northward beyond Shawano on Wolf river, westward upFox river above Berlin and southward to a few miles north of Fonddu Lac. Lake Winnebago is a comparatively modern reservoir,formed in the valley by the deposition of glacial drift."-UnitedStates Government Survey, 1905-6.

"More than 90 per cent of the coarser part of the drift compos-ing the drumlins of the Green Bay Glacier appears to be of localderivation, being of similar lithological character to the rock forma-

20 H'ISTORY OF UTAGAMIE COUNTY

tions underlying the area. About 9 per cent must have been broughtfrom the Canadian crystalline rocks several hundred miles to thenorth. The drumlins reach their finest development i-- the groundmoraine 'of the Green Bay Glacier and are arranged in a regularlyradiating system corresponding to the radiating lines of flow in thedeploying glacier."

The Potsdam sandstone area forms a rude crescent, the easternlimb of which enters Green Lake county and extends thence to theMenominee river. The Lower Magnesian lim'estone forms a ser-rated band or a fringe on the convex edge of this crescent, averagingabout seven miles in breadth. It passes diagonally through Winne-bago, Outagamie, Shawano and Oconto counties. In thickness itvaries greatly.

"In the erosion of the Wolf river valley, in Caledonia, Mukwaand Hortonia the sandstone below was readily removed and themore resisting ledges of dolomite left projecting in vertical cliffs ofmoderate height." Through Hortonia the course of the ledge iseastward in which direction the formation slowly dips until in thetown of Ellington it is covered by the St. Peters sandstone and Tren-ton limestone which standing out in a similar escapement seem toform a continuation of the Lower Magnesian ledge. In sections 25and 26, Ellington, highly fossiliferous limestone of the Trentonperiod reaches from near the flood plane of the valley upward thirty-five feet or more. On section 24 there arises from the same floodplane a mural cliff of lower Magnesian limestone to the height ofmore than fifty feet. The rock forming this Lower Magnesian cliffis a very hard silicious dolomite, of almost flinty texture, strikingfire readily from impact of the hammer and yielding. a resonanceand fracture more like quartzite than ordinary limestone. To theeast a lower ledge of the more usual coarse silicious limestone ex-tends some distance into the next township and a similar ledge on thewest curves to the north and is lost under the drift. But it soon re-appears and extends nearly to Wolf river. About two miles east ofNew London, North and South Mosquito Hills rise about two hun-dred feet above the railroad grade at the station. Their main massis sandstone. Magnesian limestone reposes on the summits of thesehills. Several similar ledges occur in the townships of Black Creek,Cicero, Lesser and Hartland. The limestone is burned for lime andis used for heavy masonry. St. Peters sandstone rests upon theLower Magnesian limestone, but is often wholly absent and theTrenton limestone rests directly upon the Lower Magnesian lime-stone.

In Center township is a partly exposed low dome of rock resem-bling the Lower Magnesian mounds; the beds are exposed on the eastand south sides in which directions they dip. The rock is a bluishgray argillaceous limestone with shaly partings and many fossils.The formation passes north through the townships of Freedom, Os-born, Seymour and M-aple Grove. This rock is extensively quarriedfor building purposes.


From Appleton to DePere the Lower Fox river forms a suc-cession of rapids over the heavier and more resisting ledges of theGalena limestone. At Kaukauna the layers vary from six to thirtyinches in thickness and have a dip of from one and a half to twodegrees to the southeast. The rock is of a dull bluish green or grayhue and has thin shaly partings. Along Duck Creek this formationis displayed. Throughout the Fox river valley, wherever the Galenalimestone is exposed, can be seen the planed, polished and groovedsurfaces made during the glacial epoch.

"We have only to suppose that all the waters of Lake Winne-bago basin (including that of the Upper Fox) formerly drained toWisconsin river; that a slow change of level in this region elevatedthe southwestern part and depressed the northeastern part till alarge lake was formed which finally overflowed forming the courseof the lower Fox. This explains the present doubling back in thecourse of the upper Fox and tributaries and it accounts for the closerelation and yet opposite courses of Fox and Wisconsin rivers. Asthe level changed the erosion at the outlet could not keep pace withit and so prevent a lake forming, because a granite ridge lies nearthe surface between the Wisconsin and Buffalo Lake. When thelower Fox outlet formed, the lose material covering the rocksrapidly gave way and lowered the lake level down to the rock whichnow (1875) keeps it to its present level. The period of this changewas post-glacial, because this alluvial terrace is free from glacialdrift which it could not have been .if formed before in a region likethis surrounded by glacial drift deposit."-Major Warren.

No part of Outagamie county is in the Archaean area-the onethat was never below the primitive ocean. It lies within the districtin Wisconsin where there is the lightest rainfall-28 to 32 inchesannually. This region embraces parts of Outagamie, Brown, Wau-shara, Winnebago, Calumet, Fond du Lac, Sheboygan, Waupaca,Shawano, Oconto, Kewaunee, Ozaukee and a few other counties.

During the Quaternary age this huge Michigan glacier movedsouthward on the bed of what is now Lake Michigan and sent south-westward an immense branch which traversed the Green Bay regionand crossed the present Outagamie county.

The elevation of Appleton at the Chicago & Northwestern Rail-way station is 128 feet above Lake Michigan and 706 feet above thesea. The elevation at the Wisconsin & Northern station is 145 feetabove Lake Michigan and 723 feet above the sea. The elevation atLittle Chute is 144 feet above Lake Michigan and 722 feet abovethe sea. At Medina it is 192 and 770 feet respectively. Winnebagolake is 162 and 740 feet respectively.

Wolf river from Shawano south follows along the cliffs of thelower Magnesian limestone, its bed lying in the soft Potsdam sand-stone, until in the town of Ellington, along the line of an apparentfault, the limestone is brought athwart its course and it turns to thewest, still following the face of the Lower Magnesian cliffs, until theyturn southward in the town of Mukwa, when the river curves in thesame direction and at length in the bed of Poygan lake and the


basin of the Fox river it finds its way across the obtrusive formation.Its waters then reverse their course and flow back along the face ofthe projecting cliffs of the Niagara limestone for a hundred miles,where Porte des Morts allows them to escape into the great lake at apoint not half the distance from their source that they have traveled."

A notable spring lies near the road between New London andHortonville on section 28, Township 22 north, range 15 east. It isfree from -organic impurities and contains small percentages of car-bonates and mineral compounds; the water is soft and pleasant tothe taste. This spring rises near the junction of the Potsdam sand-stone and the Lower Magnesian limestone. A sulphur spring is onthe land of J. E. Harriman below Appleton and flows from the drift.

To the north of Lake Winnebago the limit in altitude descendsat about the same ratio as the general surface of the valley. Arte-sian flows can be secured at varying depths. The St. Peters sandstoneis not so reliable in this region and regard as farther south. On theother hand the Potsdam sandstone should furnish artesian flows.

Water Power of the Fox River.-The upper Fox river from itsslight descent furnishes no water power, a fact which is compensatedfor by the facilities it offers for navigation. But the lower Fox riverpresents an almost continuous series of rapids from Lake Winne-bago to Green Bay. In this distance of about thirty-five miles ithas a fall of 170 feet, so distributed as to be completely and econom-ically utilized. The powers upon this river possess an immenseadvantage in the grand natural reservoir furnished by Lake Winne-bago which embraces an area of about 350 square miles. Neitherfloods nor drouth cause any considerable or inconvenient fluctua-tions in its level and the steady reliable flow thus secured at all sea-sons is a vast advantage. The channel of the river consists.of agorge between clay banks, with a floor of heavy-bedded limestone,so that it may be dammed-with material taken fron its own bed andwithout overflowing adjacent lowlands. The great reservoir makes itunnecessary to have more than a limited local one, sufficient to guardagainst interference from other powers. The minimum flowage isestimated at 150,000 feet per second, this amount being availableat all seasons of the year.

By 1905 there had been utilized of the lower Fox river 31,895actual horsepower of the waterfall between Lake Winnebago andGreen Bay. This large power caused this section to rank high as apaper and pulp manufacturing center. The height and power of theseveral falls estimated on this basis are as follows:

Height,Places. Feet, Horsepower.

Neenah and Menasha ........... 10 3,000Appleton ................ 38 11,500Cedars ......... 10 3,000Little Chute. ... ... ... 38 11,500Kaukauna . ............. 40 14,500Rapide Croche ................ 8 2,300

HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 2S

Lt. Kaukauna .............. 8 2,300De Pere ............ 8 2,300

Totals......................150 50,000

(Geology of Wisconsin, 1873-7 vol. 2.)

PROFILE OF FOX RIVER FROMf MAENASHA TO GREEN BAY

Distance Elevation Descent

STATION From Between Above Between PointsMenasha Points Sea Total Per Milie

Menasha dam, crest ......... ... .. 746.1 .... ...

Appleton, Upper lock, crest ....... 5.1 5.1 736.5 9.6 1.9

Appleton Locks, foot............6.3 1.2 699.7 36.8 30.6

Cedar Lock, crest ............... 9.6 3.3 699.7 .0 .0

Little Chute locks:Crest ......... 10.6 1. 690. 9.7 9.7Foot ................ 11.6 1. 653.8 36.2 36.2

Grand Kaukauna locks:Crest .... 13.3 1.7 653.8 .0 .0Foot ................. 14.2 .9 603.3 50.5 56.1

Rapide Croche lock:Crest . 17.9 3.7 603.3 .0 .0Foot .......... ...... 17.9 .25 593.9 9.4 37.6

Lt. Kaukauna lock:Crest ... 23.9 6. 593.9 .0 .0"

Foot ............. 3 23.9 .2 .587.7 6.2 31. 0

De Pere lock:Crest ......... 29.8 5.9 587.7 .0 .0

Foot ................... 29.8 .0 580. 7.7 ...

Green Bay ............ ...... 35.2 5.4 580. .0 ...

These improvements have changed the river into long stretchesof slack water, with perhaps short rapids at the foot of a dam, exceptat Grand Kaukauna. and Grand Chute, and the site of the' city of Ap-pleton, where the rapids are passed by canals, while the river flows'over its original steep bed. Since March, 1896, a gauging stationhas been maintained at Rapide Croche by government engineers..The lower Fox is rarely troubled with ice gorges; there is also an,absence of great freshets. The large concentration of fall in the-lower river and the location of 94 per cent of its drainage area abovethis concentration, have the effect of producing extensive and valu-able water powers.


RAPIDS ON LOWER FOX RIVER IN 1866 (BEFORE IMPROVEMENT).

Feet. Miles.Depere ........................ .... 8 0.Lit. Kaukauna ......................... 8 6.Rapide Croche .......................... 8 6.Grand Kaukauna ....................... 50 4.5Little Chute ............................ 38 2.5Cedar Rapids ........................... 10 .75Grand Chute ........................... 38 4.00Winnebago Rapids ...................... 10 4.25

Green Bay to Lake Winnebago ........ 170 28.0

Hortonia Township.--Cache of copper implements found be-neath earth and limestone slabs in quarrying at Little MosquitoHill near Hortonville, about the year 1888. Noticed by S. D. Peet,Preh. Am., vol. 2 (1898), p. 231. Reported by C. E. Brown, Rec-ords of the Past, vol. 1, pt. 3 (Mar., 1905), p. 445.

Bovina Township.-Menominee village was located at Shioc-ton. Mentioned in Narrative of L. B. Porlier, Wis Hist. Colls., vol.15 (1900), p. 445.

Ellington Township.-Cache of flint and quartzite implementsfound near Stephensville, and not far from Hortonville. Describedby C. E. Brown, Records of the Past, vol. 4, pt. 3 (Mar., 1905),p. 89, fig. 4.

Greenville Township.-Village site southeast of Greenville,N. E.. 1/4 Sec. 15, T. 21, R. 16 E. Reported by J. H. Glazer, Apl.,1906.

Kaukauna Township.-Winnebago village originally settled byItometa's band was formerly located at Kaukauna (Grand Kakalin).Mentioned in Wis. Hist. Colls., vol. 14 (1898), p. 413. Group ofconical mounds on the Grignon Flats on an island between the FoxRiver and the Government Canal in the Second Ward, City ofKaukauna. One explored contained burial pits covered with lime-stone slabs. In several of the pits stone and copper implements,animal bones and human remains were found. Described by E. E.Baileyv Oct., 1902. Traces of cornhills formerly to be seen on thetablelands on top of the bluff, back of the Grignon farm, at Kau-kauna. Interments disturbed in uncovering the ledge at the Gov-ernment quarry, at Kaukauna. Group of conical and oval moundson the hill above the second lock, at Kaukauna. Cemetery on theChas. Bidwell property, at Kaukauna. Reported by Mary A. Cham-berlain, Oct., 1905.

Buchanan Township.-Burial accompanied by two large copperspearpoints found in gravel pit on the 0. G. Lora property, 1 mileeast of Kaukauna, Sec. 18, T. 21 N., R. 19 E. Reported by W. H.Elkey, Apl., 1905. Village site on the south bank of the Fox River,on the S. E. 1/4 'Sec. 9. Reported by J. H. Glazer, Apl., 1906.

HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 25:

Grand Chute Township.-Three village sites on the north bankof the Fox River, east of Appleton, on the S. W. ,/ Sec. 9. Villagesite on the north bank of the Fox River, in the city of Appleton, onthe S. W. 14 Sec. 34. Reported by J. H. Glazer, Apl., 1906 (Wis-consin Archeological Society).

Two specimens of copper ore were found in 1870 on the farmof Erbard Leopold in the town of Hortonia on the Stephensvilleroad. One weighed ten pounds and contained a large per cent ofiron; the other weighed five pounds and was almost pure copper.(See elsewhere for other discoveries.)

THE INDIANS AND THE FRENCH.

F RENCH missionaries and explorers were the first white per-sons to invade the territory of the present State of Wiscon-sin-the objects being extension of empire, expansion oftrade and religious proselytism. In the middle of the seven-

teenth century the Winnebagos (Puants) were found permanentlylocated on Green Bay. They were an outcast tribe of the Siouanstock and tyrannized over their Algonquin neighbors-Menominees,Pottowatomies, Sacs, Foxes, Kickapoos and Mascoutens-and madeopen and savage war upon the Ottawas and Illinois; but in timeboth the latter formed war leagues against them which in the endnearly annihilated them. The Hurons and Ottawas, scourged bythe Iroquois, took up residence at Mackinac, along Lake Superiorand the' islands at the mouth of Green Bay. Here they were againattacked by the Iroquois and driven still farther to the westward.

Jean Nicolet came to. New France as Canada. was then calledin 1618 and at once spent the winter learning the island Algonquinlanguage and remained with those tribes for two years. Later helived eight or nine years with the Algonquin. Nipissiriniens and inthe end passed as one of them so thoroughly had he learned andimbibed their language and customs. He finally became an agentof the government and as such was delegated to make a journeyto the nation called People of the Sea to conclude peace betweenthem and the Hurons, from whom they were distant three hundredleagues to the westward. I He left the Huron country with sevenIndians. When he was two days' journey from that nation he sentone of those savages to bear tidings of the peace, which word wasespecially well received when they heard that it was a European whocarried the message; they dispatched several young men to meetthe Manitouirinion, that is to say; 'the wonderful man.' They meethim; they escort him; they carry all his baggage. He wore a grandrobe of China damask all strewn with flowers and birds of manycolors. No sooner did they perceive him than the women andchildren fled at the sight of a man who carried thunder in bothhands-for thus they called the two pistols that he held. The newsof his coming quickly spread to the places round about and thereassembled four or five hundred men. Each of the chief men madea feast for him and at one of these banquets they served a.t leastsix score beavers. The peace was concluded; he returned to theHurons and some time later to Three Rivers where he continuedhis employment as agent and interpreter to the great satisfactionof both the French and the savages by whom he was equally andsingularly loved. In so far as his office allowed, he vigorouslycooperated with our fathers for the conversion of those peoples."-

26 '


(Jesuit Relations, Vol. XXIII.) According to Le Jeune the tribesencountered by Nicolet in Wisconsin were the Menominees, Winne-bagos, Mascoutins and Pottawatomies. The date of his visit wasprobably 1634, but may have been 1638. It is thought he worehis Chinese robe probably to impress the savages and make tlemsubservient to his designs for their beaver-skins; but may have been,as stated by several writers, because he thought he might perhapsreach China where he could appear in court costume.

In 1665-66 Nicholas Perrot visited the tribes of the Green Baycountry. He was well acquainted with the various Indian languagesand had been employed often by the government in the dealingswith western tribes. It was largely due to his intelligence that aknowledge of western affairs became known before the advent ofwhitemen. Through him the existence of the Mississippi becameknown first; and the information furnished by him enabled La Salleto prepare to better advantage for his western explorations. Throughhis influence and agency. many tribes were kept friendly to Frenchadvances and ministrations. The first Frenchmen with firearms tovisit the savage tribes were regarded and treated as gods; Perrofwas thus regarded on his visit to the Green Bay country in 1665-66."The old men solemnly smoked a Calumet and came into his pres-ence, offering it as homage that they rendered to him. After hehad smoked the Calumet it was presented by the chiet to his tribes-men, who all offered it in turn to one another, blowing from theirmouths the tobacco smoke over him as if it were incense. Theysaid to him, 'Thou are one of the chief spirits since thou usest iron;it is for thee to rule and protect all men. Praised be the Sun, whichhas instructed thee and sent thee to our country.' They adored himas a god; they took his knives and hatchets and incensed them withthe tobacco smoke from their mouths; and they presented to himso many kinds of food that he could not taste them all. When heleft the room they insisted on carrying him upon their shoulders;the way over which he passed was made clear; they did not darelook in his face; and the women and children watched him froma distance. Perrot was careful not to receive all these acts of adora-tion, although he accepted these honors so far as the interests ofreligion were not concerned, He told them that he was not whatthey thought, but only a Frenchman; that he had come to establisha friendship between the Indians and the French; that they wouldreceive assistance from the latter and that as the beaver was valuedby the French he had come to learn whether there was opportunityto carry on trade with them. War having broken out between thePottawatomies and the Malhominis, he made peace between them.He was everywhere treated with great consideration. A party ofPottawatomies which had gone east to visit the French returnedwhile Perrot was here and still further added to the splendid recep-tion given him. 'The Indians were so delighted with this alliancewith the French that they sent deputies in every direction to informthe Islinois, Miamis, Outagamies, Maskoutechs and Kickabous thatthey had been at Montreal, whence they had brought some mer-


chandise, they besought those tribes to visit then and bring beavers.Those nations were too far away to profit by this at first; only theOutagamies came.' At this time there was an Outagamie villageof over 600 cabins near New London or Mukwa, but probably notin the present Outagamie county. There were at least two French-men among the Green Bay savages while Perrot was there.. Theywere after beaver, were brave fellows, and were often engaged inaltercations and more or less bloody encounters with the natives.The Indians named Perrot Metaminens, which meant "Little IndianCorn." In the summer of 1666 the Miamis, Mascoutens, Kickapoosand fifteen cabins of the Illinois came to this region and made clear-ings beside the Outagamies, thirty miles to the southwest. Perrotsucceeded in forming such an alliance of the savages with the Frenchas would enable the latter to secure their beaver skins in exchangefor guns, kettles, knives, etc."-(La Potherie, 1665-66.)

"I have learned that the Illinois, the Outagamie and other sav-ages toward the south hold that there is a great and excellent genius,master of all the rest, who made heaven and earth and who dwells,they say, in the east toward the country of the French. The foun-tain head of their religion is libertinism; and all these various sacri-fices end ordinarily in debauches, indecent dances-and shamefulacts of concubinage. All the devotion of the men is directed towardsecuring many wives and changing them whenever they choose;and that of the women toward securing their husbands; and thatof the girls toward leading a life of profligacy."-(Father Allouezin Jesuit Relations, 1666-67.)

"The country of the Outagamies lies southward toward the Lakeof the Ilimonek (Michigan). They are a populous tribe of abouta thousand men bearing arms and given' to hunting and warfare.They have fields of Indian corn and live in a country offeringexcellent facilities for the hunting of the wild-cat, stag, wild ox(buffalo) and beaver. Canoes they do not use, but commonly maketheir journeys by land bearing their packages and their game ontheir shoulders. These people are much addicted to idolatry. Itis said of them and of the Ousaki (Sacs) that when they find a manalone and at a disadvantage, they kill him, especially if he is aFrenchman, for they cannot endure the beards of the latter people.As for the Ousaki (Sacs) they above all others can be called savages.They are very numerous, but wandering and scattered in the forestswithout any fixed abode."-(Jesuit Relations, 1665-69.)

About this time Sault Ste. Marie was the resort of nineteen dif-ferent Indian tribes which went there to fish and trade. -Alreadybefore 1670 French traders in considerable numbers began to visitall the tribes of the Green Bay and Fox river region to secure thebeaver skins and other peltries of the savages. What is now Kau-kauna, Little Chute and Appleton were famous Indian resorts owingto the rapids and the facilities for fishing, etc.

In April, 1670, Father Allouez came to; visit the Green Bayand Fox riverregion. On the way he observed a solar eclipse. Hereached the Outagamie settlement on Wolf river, in Waupaca county


probably, where he found that the fierce Iroquois from the easthad made a raid and had destroyed a considerable Fox village. TheMascoutins lived on the Upper Fox river. He finally returned downthe river and on the way visited the Menominees who had beenalmost exterminated by wars, and also the Winnebagos on theeast shore of Green Bay. Father Allouez had no chapel and sooncounted a.s Christians seven adults and forty-eight children.

"On the following day I celebrated holy mass at which. theFrench to the number of eight paid their devotions. (They weretraders among the Indians.) As the savages had gone into winterquarters, I found here only one village of different nations-Ousaki,Pouteouatami, Outagami, Ovenibigoutz (Winnebagos), about 600souls. On this bay (he means in the Green Bay region) in a placethey called Ouestatinoug twenty-five leagues away there is a largenation named Outagami and a day's journey from them there aretwo others, Oumami and Makskouteng. On the 16th of April Iembarked to go and begin the mission to the Outagamies, a peopleof considerable note in all these regions. We slept at the head ofthe bay at the mouth of the River des Puans (Fox), which we havenamed for St. Francis. On our way we saw clouds of swans, bus-tards and ducks. On the 17th we ascended the River St. Francois(Fox) which is two and sometimes three arpents wide. Afterproceeding four leagues (nearly ten miles) we found the village(in Brown county) of the savages called Saky (Sacs), whose peoplewere beginning a work that well deserves to have a place here.From one bank of the river to the other they make a barricade bydriving down large stakes in two brasses of water, so that there isa kind of bridge over the stream for the fishermen who with thehelp of a small weir easily catch the sturgeon and other kinds offish. They call this contrivance Mitihikan. On the 18th we passedthe portage called by the natives KeKaling (Kaukauna), our sail-ors dragging the canoe among the rapids while I walked on theriver bank where I found apple-trees and vine stocks in great num-bers. On the 19th our sailors ascended the rapids for two leaguesby the use of poles and I went by land as far as the other portagewhich they called Ooukacitiming (Little Chute), that is to say'causeway.' We arrived in the evening at the entrance to Lakedes Puans (Winnebago), which we have named Lake St. Francis;it is about twelve leagues long and four wide; it abounds in fish butis uninhabited on account of the Nadouecis (Sioux) who are thereheld in fear. After voyaging five or six leagues on the lake wecame to a river flowing from a lake bordered with wild oats; thisstream we followed and found at the end of it the river that leadsto the Outagamies (Foxes) in one direction and that which leads tothe Machkouteuch (Mascoutins) in the other. We entered thisfirst stream which flows from a lake. On the 24th, after turningand doubling several times in various lakes and rivers, we arrivedat the village of the Outagamies. This people came in crowds tomeet us in order to see, as they said, the Manitou who was comingto their country. This nation is renowned for being populous, the


men who bear arms numbering more than 400; while the numberof women and children there is the greater on account of the polyg-amy which prevails among them-each man having commonlyfour wives, some six and others as many as ten."-(Allouez.) Thecourse of Allouez was up Fox river, into Lake Winnebago, throughGrand Lake Butte des Morts, and along the Upper Fox and upWolf river.

In the summer of 1670 Father Dablon and Father Allouezpassed up Fox river from Green Bay. "They found at the DePererapids a sort of idol adored by the savages-a rock resembling ahuma.n bust. This the missionaries removed and cast into the river.They continued up the river, but returned late the same year toGreen Bay. In February, 1671, Father Allouez went up the Foxriver and on again to the Outagamie tribe where he founded themission of St. Mark. The Outagamies were at first haughty andinsolent and at first granted only rebuffs and mockery. In timehe gained their affection and encouragement. About this time achapel was built at DePere rapids and was a member of the GreenBay mission. Allouez labored with the tribes on the Fox and Wolfrivers and Andre with those about DePere and along- the shoresof Green Bay. Allouez accomplished much, instructing the savagesin five different tongues. The Mascoutins and Illinois nations 're-ceived him as an angel from Heaven and crowd about him bothday and night.' The Outagamies were especially interested in thecross; everyone made its sign and a war party believed they hadattained success by means of the cross. Allouez erected in theirvillage a large cross 'thus taking possession of those infidel landsin the name of Jesus Christ.' "

The Saky (Sac) village four leagues up the Fox river wasapparently at Little Rapids. The Kakaling portage was around therapids at Kaukauna and the portage at Ooukocitiming was at LittleChute.

About 1671-3 a church was built at DePere. This misison wascalled St. Francois Xavier. In May, 1672, Allouez again went upthe Fox river to the Mascoutins and there remained until Septemberwhen he returned to Depere. His canoe was wrecked in the rapidsat Appleton and all his baggage soaked. with water, but not lost.He and one of his boatmen remained eight days on an islet tenfeet long until his men could procure another canoe, when allreturned safely to the mission house at Depere. During the year1672 he baptised among the Foxes at St. Mark's mission forty-eightpersons. "He revisits them in November, 1672, and again in Feb-ruary, 1673. The Indians listened to him, but were easily divertedfrom his teachings by reason of the fact that the new faith did notprotect them from their enemies."

From 1676 to 1678 Allouez was aided in 'his missionary workby Fr. Antoine Silvy who came to Canada in 1673. In 1678 Albanelwas superior at Depere and his chapel there was the center for thesavages of all that region. Andre, Silvy and Allouez were at this


time at work among the various western tribes. Andre continuedhis labors around Green Bay.

Thus, to sum up, it will be seen that Father Claude Allouez,.ften called the "Apostle of Wisconsin," was the founder of everyIndian mission in the State. On December 3, 1669, he foundedat the head of. Green Bay the mission of St. Francis Xavier. In1671 this mission was moved about two leagues up Fox river to thepresent site of Depere where in 1676 a church was built by FatherAlbanel. Ten years later (1686) Nicholas Perrot presented to thechurch a beautiful silver monstrance which was found in 1802buried near the site of the old church. In April, 1670, FatherAllouez visited the Outagamies on Wolf river and the Mascoutins,Miamis, Illinois and Kickapoos on the Upper Fox river. An Outa-gamie village was situated about six miles above "Little Lake St.Francis at or a little below Mukwa. He founded a mission among.them and named it St. Marks. He likewise established a missioncalled St. James among the Mascoutins on the Upper Fox river.In May he founded the mission of St. Michael among the Menomi-nees on Green Bay. In the fall of 1670, accompanied by FatherDablon he again visited the Mascoutins. He also established mis-sions among the Winnebagos and Pottawatomies on the easternshore of Green Bay and also among the Sacs whose village waslocated about four leagues up Fox river, probably near Little Rapids.Father Louis Andre remained in charge of the Green Bay missionswhile Father Allouez attended those higher up the rivers. WhenFather Marquette arrived at the Green Bay in 1673 he found over2,000 Christian Indians. The first chapel at Depere was probablya bark wigwam, but a good church was erected in 1676, which about1687 was burned down by the pagan savages. During 1676 FatherSilvy stated that there were baptised at the Depere mission thirty-six adults and 126 children."-(Rev. Chrysostom Venoyst O. S. F.)

"The Foxes, called by the French Ranards and by the ChippewasOudagamig (Outagamie), call themselves Muskwakig, meaning'People of the Red Land.' They resided along Fox and Wolf riversand had a large village near New London and another at Mukwaor a little below there (the latter being a modification of Muskwaki,their Indian name) on the Wolf river where Father Allouez visitedthem in April, 1670, and founded St. Marks mission. This missionwas soon abandoned owing to the hostility of the Foxes toward theFrench. They were the only Algonquin tribe on whom the Frenchmade war. The Foxes and Chippewas were enemies from timeimmemorial and many a bloody battle was fought between them.Their last great battle was fought at St. Croix Falls in 1780, at whichtime the Chippewas defeated both the Foxes and the Sioux, reduc-ing the former to fifteen lodges, who were then incorporated with-the Sacs. Eventually the Chippewas (Santeurs), who lived nearthe Sault, drove the Foxes out of northern Wisconsin.

By formal ceremony on June 4, 1671, St. Tussan at Sault Ste.Marie took possession in the name of the King of France of theterritories "from Montreal as far as the South Sea (Pacific Ocean)

32 IHISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY

covering the utmost extent and range possible." He planted a crossthere and raised over it the French royal standard, with ceremoniesboth civil and religious. Representatives of fourteen different tribeswere present and were addressed by Allouez and St. Tussan, whoexplained to the natives the nature of the ceremony. Father Dablonrelates how all the North and West were thus annexed to the crownof France, the king "subjecting these nations to Jesus Christ's do-minion before placing them under his own." The ceremony closedwith a bonfire around which the Te Deum was sung. There werepresent representatives of the following Indian tribes: Schipoes(Chippewas, Saulteurs), Malamechs (Merameg, Man-um-aig, Cat-fish), Noquets (No-Kaig, Bear Family or Clan), Banabeoueks (Ne-baun-aub-aig(?), Mer-man Clan), Makomiteks (Makomiteks (?),Poultiatemis (Pottawatomies), Oumaloumines (Menominees), Sas-saouacattons (Nassawaketons, People of the Forks), dwelling at thebay called that of the Puants, Green Bay, and who have taken itupon themselves to make the treaty known to their neighbors whoare the Illinois; Illinois, Mascouttins (Mascoutins, Mashkouteng,Muscatine, Muscoda, Prairie People, Nation of Fire), Outagamies.(Foxes, Reynards), Christinos (Crees), Assinipouals (Assineboines,Stony Country, Sioux), Aumossomiks, Monsoneeg, Moose), Outa-ouais-Couscattons (Ottawa, Kiskakou (?) or Staouabouskatouk, aCree tribe), Niscaks (Kiskakous) (?), Maskwikoukikiaks (Maskwa-keeg(?) Foxes or Mikikoueks. The treaty was signed by NicholasPerrot, Father Dablon, Father Dreuilletes, Father Allouez, FatherAndre, Sieur Jollyet, Jacques Mogras, Pierre Moreau, Sieur de laTaupine, Denis Masse, Francois de Chanigny, Sieur de la Chevrat-tiere, Jacques Logillier, Jean Maysere, Nicholas Dupuis, FrancoisBiband, Jacques Joviel, Pierre Porteret, Robert Duprat, Vital Driol,and Guilaume Bonhomme. On May 17, 1673, Louis Joliet andFather James Marquette, sent out by the Canadian government tofind a route to the South Sea, as the Pacific ocean was then called,left Michillimackina.c, with five men, some Indian corn and driedmeat, set out in two bark canoes on the great expedition. They soonreached the "Bay of the Fetid," (Green Bay) as Father Marquettecalled it and the first Indians encountered were the Menominees(called wild oats, Folles-Avoines, Oulalouminik, Malhominies)'who were visited by Father Marquette on their river, the Menomi-nee, as there were many Christians among them. This tribe ofIndians, when told of the objects of the expedition endeavored todissuade both Joliet and Marquette from any further advance, withtales of the dangers. to be encountered, but failed. They continuedto advance and soon reached the upper part of the "Bay of the Fetid"(Green Bay) where there resided many Inidians, of whom the mis-sionarieshad before baptized over 2,000. In the Indian language

*the bay was not called Fetid, but rather Salt, because the Indiansdisliked salt. The Indians then residing at the upper end of GreenBay were the Winnebagos, Ouenibigones, or in French, Puants,Charlevoix called then Otchagras. Nicollet called them. Gens deMer. The Winnebagoes had presumably come from the ocean (salt

\ / \ \ k /8;rJ).eniort anj Lralena Lilnestxe.

Ou+a'asr ile C tPeers Sans-ton.

Go a^ ^t B liCower 7Nagnest at L imesfotc,

Gtteoko0) \/ A.Potodan4 SaaJs~ne.

Co L~n t


water) which the Indians designated in terms meaning fetid. Asa matter of fact the Winnebagoes are a branch of the Dacota.h family,but lived so far to the eastward that they became surrounded by theAlgonquins.

"We left this bay to enter a river emptying into it. It is verybeautiful at its mouth and flows gently; it is full of bustards, duck,teal and other birds, attracted by the wild oats; but when you haveadvanced a little up this river, it becomes very difficult, both onaccount of the currents and of the sharp rocks which cut the canoesand the feet of those who are obliged to drag them, especially whenthe water is low. For all that, we passed the rapids safely (in Outa-gamie county) and approached Machkoutens (Mascoutens) theFire nation." They reached that nation on June 7, and at the sametime reached the western limits of French exploration. "This townis made up of three nations gathered here: Miamis, Maskoutens andKikabous. The former are very docile and showed themselves soeager to hear Father Allouez when he was instructing them that theygave him little rest even at night. The Maskoutens and Kikabousare ruder and more like peasants. As bark for cabins is rare theyuse rushes. A beautiful cross was planted in the midst of the town.No sooner had we arrived than M. Joliet and I assembled the sach-ems; he told them that he was sent by our governor to discover newcountries and I by the Almighty to illumine them with the lightof the gospel; that we needed two guides to put us on our way; these,making them a present, we begged them to grant us. This they didvery civilly and even proceeded to speak to us by a present whichwas a mat to serve -us as a bed on our voyage. The next day whichwas the 10th of June two Miamis whom they had given us as guidesembarked with us in the sight of a. great crowd who could wonderenough to see seven Frenchmen alone in two canoes dare to under-take so strange and so hazardous an expedition."

Late in September, 1673, Father Marquette returned to GreenBay, or the Bay of the Fetid, via the present Chicago river and alongthe west shore of Lake Michigan. Here he seems to have remaineduntil November, 1764, when with two men, he started back to the.Illinois country as he had promised the Indians residing there hewould. He never again returned to Green Bay.

When Father Claude Allouez arrived at Green Bay in 1669 hefound already there eight Frenchmen engaged in trading with theIndians. This fact should be noted; no doubt several of them residedfor periods in what is now Outagamie county. Allouez taught theIndians at St. Francis Xavier mission in 1669-70 to say 'Our Father'and 'Hail Mary' in their own languages.

"In 1679 the La Salle expedition in tne vessel Griffin, accom-panied by Fathers Hennepin, Gabriel and Membre, reached 'theBay of the Fetid' (Green Bay) at the entrance to Lake Dauphin(Michigan) 40 leagues from Missilimakinak."-Narrative of FatherMembre.

The Issati or Nodonessiou called the Outagamies by the nameMessenecqz.-Father Hennepin's narrative. "The grand chief of the


Issati or Nodonessiouz consented (to our departure) and traced inpencil on a paper I gave him the route we should take for four hun-dred leagues. With this chart we set out, eight Frenchmen,* in twocanoes and descended the rivers St. Francis and Colbert. Two of ourmen took two beaver robes at St. Anthony of Padua's falls, whichthe Indians had hung in sacrifice on the trees. We stopped nearOuisconsin river to smoke some meat. * * We found the Ouis-consin river as wide as the Siegneley (Illinois) with a strong cur-rent. After sailing up sixty leagues we came to a portage of half aleague which the Nodonessiouz chiefs had marked for us; we sleptthere to leave marks and crosses on the trunks of the trees (this wasthe same route taken by Joliet and Marquette). The next day weentered a river which winds wonderfully, for after six hours sailingwe found ourselves opposite the place where we started. One of ourmen wishing to kill a swan on the wing capsized his canoe, fortu-nately not beyond his depth. We passed four lakes, two pretty large,on the banks of which the Miami's formerly resided; we found Mas-koutens, Kikabous and Outagamy there, who sow Indian corn fortheir subsistence. All this country is as fine as that of the Islinois(Illinois). We made a portage at a rapid called Kakalin (Kaukaunavisited previously by Allouez) and after about four hundred leaguessail from our leaving the country of the Issati and Nodonessiouz wearrived safely at the extremity of the Bay of the Fetid, where wefound Frenchmen trading contrary to orders with the Indians.They had some little wine in a tin flagon which enabled me to saymass; I had then only a chalice and altar stone; but Providencesupplied me with vestments, for some Islinois flying from the tyr-anny of the Iroquois, who had destroyed a part of their nation, tookthe vestments of the chapel of Father Zenobius Membre, Recollect,who was with the Islinois in their flight. They gave me all theytook except the chalice which they promised to give back in a fewdays for a present of tobacco. I had not celebrated mass for over ninemonths for want of wine; I had still some hosts. We remained twodays to rest, sing the Te Deum, high mass and preach. All ourFrenchmen went to confession and communion to thank God forhaving preserved us amid so many wanderings and perils. One ofour Frenchmen gave a gun for a canoe larger than ours with whichafter sailing a hundred leagues we reached Missilimackinac wherewe were obliged to winter."- (Narrative of Father Hennepin.)

In September, 1680, when the Iroquois drove the Illinois In-dians from their homes on the Illinois river Sieur de Touty, Sieur deBoisrondet, Father Membre, Father Gabriel and a few other French-men started for Green Bay. On the way Father Gabriel was killedby the Kickapoos, and de Boisrondet was lost from the little party fomten days. "At last we fortunately met at the Pottawattomie villagewhere their chief Ononghisse, quite well known among those nations,welcomed us most cordially. He used to say that he knew only threegreat captains, M. de Frontenac, M. de la Salle and himself. Thischief haranged all his people who contributed to furnish us food.

*Duluth, Hennepin, Ako, Du Gay (called the "Pickard") and four French soldiers.


Not one of us could stand for weakness; we were all skeletons, theSieur de Tonty extremely sick, but being a little recruited I foundsome Indians going to the Bay of the Fetid where the Jesuits have ahouse, I accordingly set out for it and, cannot express the hardshipsI had to undergo on the way. The Sieur de Touty followed us soonafter with the rest. We cannot sufficiently acknowledge the charitythese good fathers displayed toward us until the thaws began, whenwe set out with Father Enjalran in a canoe for Missilimakinac.-(Narrative of Father Membre).

"In Northern Wisconsin (in 1681-83) the missions are accom-plishing much good; but the Fathers have to contend most -of allagainst the inveterate superstition and idolatry of the savages, never-theless the latter frequent the Depere chapel and venerate it as they,do their idols-offering it tobacco and addressing it 'as if it were aliving thing.' Albanel is now in charge there; Andre continues hislabors among the tribes of Green Bay, whose savage traits have beengreatly subdued by his patience, courage and devotion. He nowcounts more than 500 Christians on the whole bay. Allouez andSilvy have ministered in the Outaga.mie and Mascouten villages,which, including the refugees from other tribes, number at least20,000 souls. They have baptized some 500 persons many of whomhave been healed by that rite."-(Jesuit Relations, 1677-79.)

At a distance of about half a league from this spot, Wisconsinriver portage, is the river Kakaling (Fox), which is only a streamwith its source in the swamp, through which it winds a great deal,and forms small lakes by frequently widening and narrowing. Theroute continues about forty leagues down this river, following itswindings and then the village of the Outagamies is reached, half aleague from the river on the north side. Before reaching that placethe river flows into a lake about eight leagues long and three leagueswide and about two leagues beyond the village are what are calledthe Kakaling (Kaukauna) rapids. They are difficult to descendowing to the swiftness of the water, the quantity of rocks againstwhich it strikes and three falls where the canoes and their cargoeshave to be portaged; they are six leagues in length. At the mouthof this river where it falls into the Bay of the Puans is a housebelonging to the Jesuits, who really hold the key to the countryof Castoria (Beaverland) where a lay brother that they have, whois a blacksmith with two companions converts more iron into beaverskins than the Fathers convert Savages into Christians."-(JesuitRelations, 1682). The name Kakaling was usually restricted to therapids and portage at the present Kaukauna, which is but a modifi-cation of Kakaling.

In 1688-90 there was great disturbances among the westerntribes; so much so that Nicholas Perrot was sent out to terminate thetrouble. Monsieur de Louvigni, commander of the post of Michil-limackinac, came west to that post in 1688, and was preceded byNicholas Perrot who prepared the way for his proper reception inorder to duly impress the savages. Upon his arrival, and at a large


council, General de Louvigni sharply rebuked the savages for theirfaithlessness.

"The Outagamies and the Maskoutechs wishing to second theOutaonaks at the time when they took sides with the Iroquois whohad sent them a large collar (peace offering) in order to thank themfor having restored to them five chiefs whom they had capturedwhen on a hostile expedition against the Islinois, resolved to do theIroquois a pleasure, to massacre all the French who were comingdown from the country of the Nodonaissioux. They persuaded them-selves that they would by such a massacre, attract to themselves thefriendship of that haughty nation, who had appeared greatly pleasedwhen the Outagamis had sent back'to them five slaves of their nation,whom the Miamis had given to them to eat."-(La Potherie, 1688-90).

The arrival of the French soldiers at Michillimackinac washeard at Bay des Puans. The chief of the Puans resolved to thwartthe designs of the Outaga.mis to kill the Frenchmen; he accordinglyvisited them and represented that Onontio (God) had sent Le PetitBled d'Inde (Perrot) with a large force to revenge himself for theirevil project. The Outagamis thereupon precipitately quit the am-buscade they had formed and went back to their village. "This chiefwho was afraid that they would learn of his ruse, went to meet Per-rot at the entrance of the bay; the latter promised to keep his secretand presented to him a gold trimmed'jacket. Perrot had an op-portunity to become acquainted with all that had occurred at 'LaBaye' (as Green Bay was often called). The Outagamis had takenthither their hatchets, which were dulled and broken, and had com-pelled a Jesuit brother to repair them; their chief held a nakedsword ready to kill him while he worked. The brother tried to rep-resent to them their folly, but was so maltreated that he had to taketo his bed. The 'chief then prepared ambuscades in order to awaitthe French, who were to return from the country of the Nodonais-sioux. Perrot sent back the Puan chief to the Outagamis to tellthem on his behalf that he had learned of their design against hisyoung men and would punish them for it and to let them know thathe was not disturbed by their threats; that he had sent back all hismen except fifty Frenchmen; that he had 300 musket shots to fireand enough provisions with which to receive them; that if he shouldby chance encounter any one of their nation he could not answerfor the consequences and that it would be useless for them to askhim to land at their village. The Puan chief returned to La Bayewhere he exaggerated still further what Perrot had said to him. TheReynard (Fox) chief visited him expressly to ascertain the truth ofthe matter and dared not wait for Perrot. He departed with eightyof his warriors to march against the Nodonaissioux, after he hadgiven orders to the people of his village to assure Perrot on his behalfthat he loved him and to take great pains to entertain him well."Perrot thus subdued the Outagamis without a battle. He likewisesecured the friendship of the Miamis, making them presents of mer-chandise and receiving 'in return many beaver skins. He made


similar alliances with the Sakies, Potta.watomies, Maskoutechs andothers. Perrot disclosed to the Indians on this visit the plan whichhad been formed to unite all the Miamis, Outaga.mis, Kickapoos andmany of the Illinois, to assemble on the Mississippi and marchagainst the Nodonaissioux. But the Outagamis were only partlyfaithful to their promises to Perrot and continued to plot againstthe French who had furnished arms to their enemies the Sioux.

In his trip to the West in 1699 John Francis Buisson de St.Cosme gave the following description of his visit to the Green Baycountry: "On the 18th of September we arrived off the bay of thePua.nts forty leagues distant from Michillimackinac. We cabinedin an isle of the detour and were detained there six days. On the20th we crossed the bay of the Puants (which is) about ten leaguesbroad; you cross from isle to isle; the bay is about 20 or 30 leagueslong. On the right as you enter you will find another small baycalled (the Bay) of the Noquets. The Bay of the Puanto is inhab-ited by several Indian nations-the Noquets, Folle Avoines (Menom-onees), Foxes, Poutowatomi and the Saks. The Jesuit fathers havea mission at the head of the bay. * * The Foxes (who) are onthis little river (Fox) that you ascend on leaving the bay to reachthe Weskonsin will not suffer any person (to pass) for fear they willgo to places at war with them, and hence they have already plun-dered several Frenchmen who wished to go by that road. This ob-liged us to take the Chikagu (Chicago) road."

"From the 27th to the 30th (of August, 1700) he (Le Seuer)made eleven leagues and a half and met five Canadians, one of whomwas dangerously wounded in the head; thev were naked and had noarms except a wretched gun with five or six charges of powder andball. They said that they were descending from the Sioux to go tothe Tamarois and that forty leagues above (on the Mississippi) theyhad perceived nine canoes carrying ninety Indians who had plun-dered and cruelly beaten them, this party were going to war againstthe Sioux. It was made up of four different nations-Outagamies,Saquis, Poutuatomis and Puans who inhabit a country eighty leagueseast of the river and of the point where M. Le Sueur then was. TheseCanadians resolved to follow the detachment (Le Sueur's) whichwas thus composed of 28 men. On the first of September he passedthe river of the Ouesconsins by which M. Le Sueur came to the Mis-sissippi for the first time in 1683 to go to the country of the Siouxwhere he has at various times spent seven years."-(St. Cosme).

In 1712 the Outagamis, Mascoutens and a few warriors fromother tribes lost over 1,000 men, women and children in an attackon Fort Pontchartrain, Detroit. They were induced by the Englishto. make the attack and received many presents for the task. TheChief Pemoussa of the Outagamies led the attack; he was their warchief. Though this was a serious blow, the Outagamies still had nearGreen Bay over 200 warriors.

"The Rena.rds (Outagamies) being the common enemies of allthe nations of the upper country, it is absolutely necessary to takeall possible measures for destroying them, as they have but recently


killed at Detroit three Frenchmen and five Hurons. This new out-rage on the part of the Renards (who last spring at the Baye desPuantes killed one l'Epine, a Frenchman) makes it apparent that itis no longer possible to deal gently with that nation without incur-ring the contempt of all the others who are informed of the wrongsdone us by the Renards. * * To increase the number of the Frenchin this expedition it appears necessary that his Majesty should bepleased to grant an amnesty to all the coureurs de bois (to the num-ber of 100 more or less) on condition that they go to Michilimakinato join the other French and the savages and make war on the Rlen-ards under the command of the officers charged with the expedition.This reason together with the conjuncture of the peace, appearsvery reasonable for the granting of this amnesty, and it is moreoverfor the good of the colony to make them return thither; whereas ifhis Majesty does not grant them this favor they might resolve toremain always in the upper country and perpetuate themselves there,importing merchandise from this colony through the savages andperhaps using them also to get some from the English. Thus thosemen would be lost to this country which so urgently needs them andthose Coureurs de bois no longer hoping for pardon might abandonthemselves to grievous extremities. The most natural rendezvousfor the expedition against the Renards is Michilimaquina which isthe center and resort of all the nations. These licenses will producea good effect among the nations of the upper country on account ofthe great quantities of merchandise that will be carried by them;that will keep them from going to seek goods among the English,as they will find at home all they need." (Extract of letter fromVandreuil and Begon to the Canadian Minister, 1713).

"It is certain that the Reynards have no retreat except amongthe Mascoutins and Kickapoos and that all the other savage nationsare against them and are much more numerous; that if the Puants,Folles Avoines, Sakies and Mathomonies have not declared them-selves openly against them it is because they are the Reynards' near-est neighbors, and that if they once declared themselves and we didnot immediately move to their assistance this proximity would bevery dangerous for them. * * To be assured of this truth it isonly necessary to examine the pitiable situation of the savage nationswho are dying of hunger in their cabins, not daring to leave themto go hunting on account of their well-grounded fear that the Rey-nards will destroy them all one after the other."- (Part of letter ofVandreuil and Begon to the French Minister, 1714).

"These French having assembled with all the savages who havebeen invited will form a considerable force with which Sieur deLouvigny will march to the village of the Reynards to attack themthere; and if they do not stay in their forts he will cut their corn,burn their cabins and encamp on the ground. As the Reynardswill not find it easy to obtain provisions when assembled, they willbe obliged to disperse in order to hunt; and Sieur de Louvigny willhave them pursued and harassed by different parties that he will

HIS-TORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 39

send after them."-(Part of letter of Vandreuil and Begon to theFrench Minister, 1714)."

"The Reynards, Ougatanons, Mascoutins and Kinapoux haverecently gone to invite the Irokois to join with them against us andthe Outaona nations."-(Extract from, letters of Ramezay and Be-gon to the French Minister, 1714). "In June, 1715, a French boatin which there were five men, carrying corn to Michilimakinak, wassurprised by a boat of twenty-two Reynards who killed these French-men. The latter defended themselves bravely, killing three Rey-nards and wounding several others."--(Same).

It was decided in the above Council that Sieurs de Maunoir andDadoneour should go with the Miamis, Oyatonons and Islinois toChicagou, where in case they arrived first they were to await the.savages of Detroit who were to go there by land, hunting in order toshare their provisions. When they are all assembled there they areto set out against the fort of the Reynards distant about 65 leaguesfrom Chicagou; they can reach the fort from that place in aboutseven days. They will regulate the time of their departure fromChicagou so as to arrive at the fort of the Reynards at the end ofAugust. Sieur de Lignery will likewise assemble the French with theOutaois and the savages of the North, who are at Michilimakina andits vicinity and he will set out with them for the fort of the Rey-nards, distant from Michilimakina about 80 leagues. He shallregulate the time of his departure so as to arrive at the Reynard'sfort at the end of August. It was agreed in the Council that the firstcorps reaching the fort should only invest it waiting for the arrivalof the second corps, which will enable them to attempt its capturein such manner as may seem best to Sieur de Ligney. The Siouxwere invited not only to refuse refuge to the Reynards, but also tojoin the expedition against them."--(Extract from letters of Rame-zay and Begon to the French Minister, 1715).

The expedition against the Rzeynards did not take place asplanned owing to measles among the Weas and Miamis and to lackof provisions at Michilimakina. But plans for the expedition the.next year were made during the winter of 1715-16. In this interval,,in order to retain the Coureurs de bois, it was necessary to extendthe period of their trade licenses. The English had already goneamong the Sioux and had completely alienated them from theFrench; it was believed due to the Sioux and English combined thatthe Outaganlies were hostile to the French.

"The Reynard savages live about 60 leagues from Michilimak-inac, are located on a river which empties into the Bay des Puantsand number about 300 warriors. They have committed many actsof hostility against the French. They were punished once by a de-tachment which set out from Detroit to which the Miamis, the Out-anois and the Hurons joined their forces. But as the Reynards re-sumed their hostile attitude, orders were given, in accordance withletters from Canada, to wage war on these savagesy or to make peacewith them, but to prefer peace to war * * Monsieur de Lou-vigny writes that he will go up in the spring and will labor to bring

40 HISTORY OF OUTAGAJMIE COUNTY

about either peace or war according to circumstances. He adds thatthe lowlessness of the Coureurs de' bois is so great that it is absolutelynecessary to make an example of some of them in order to restrainthem and to enforce upon them obedience to the.officers in the up-per posts. He says that the French who went up for this war(against the Reynards) set out laden with merchandise, althoughnone is needed for carrying on the war and that they have carriedthither more than 40 cases of brandy. The result is that whereverFrench and Savage come together there is an open hell; and Mon-sieur de Louvigny states that some Frenchmen have gone to tradewith the Reynard savages, of which all our allies complain."-(Proceedings of French Council of Marine, March, 1716). It issafe to say that from a few to a score of the coureurs. were at GreenBay and along Fox and Wolf rivers at nearly all times after thevisits of Nicholas Perrot to this region.

"On the first of May, 1716, Monsieur de Louvigny left Mon-treal with an army of 225 Frenchmen and was joined by about 200others at Detroit and Michilimakinac, the object of the expeditionbeing to attack the Reynards at their fort near Mukwa. The muni-tions of war, the presents, and the necessary provisions were carriedby the French at their own expense and without any cost to the king.He .returned to Quebec in October, having forced the haughty Rey-nards to sue for peace. He reduced them to this necessity after hav-ing opened a trench 35 toises (about 224 feet) from their fort, whichhe pushed forward 10 toises on the first night and 16 the second.Finally the enemies, seeing that he was devoting himself to the mainpart of the place, to undermine it and blow it up, while two cannonsand a grenade-mortar kept up a heavy fire night and day, resolved toimplore the clemency of the French. They were not listened to un-til the opinion and the sentiments of all the nations that accompa-nied the army had been ascertained by Sieur de Louvigny, whoproposed to them conditions so severe that all those tribes believedthat they would never consent to them. These conditions were:-'That they shall make peace with all the nations dependent on theKing with whom the French trade; that they shall by forcible orfriendly means bring the Kikapous and Mascoutins, their allies andour enemies, to make peace as they do, with all the nations in gen-eral; that they.restore or cause to be restored all the prisoners of everynation whom they hold which they did; that they shall go to warin distant regions to get slaves to replace all the dead who hadbeen slain during the course of the war; that they shall hunt to paythe expenses of the military preparations made for this war; and thatas an assurance of their fulfillment of all these articles they shallgive to Monsieur de Louvigny six chiefs or children of chiefs, to betaken to the Marquis de Vandreuil in order to be guarantees for theconditions of the treaty.'

"All this was done; the hostages were brought to Quebec. Thathaughty nation which terrified and ravaged all the upper country.has been reduced to submit to all these conditions, although they had500 warriors and 3,000 women (who on these occasions fight desper-


ately), and although their fort was fortified by three rows of pali-sades, with a ditch behind it to sustain the assault. This enterprisewas carried through with great vigor and the officers who were pres-ent gave evidence of their vigilance and activity by working at thetrenches like the meanest soldier. They did so in order to set anexample and to animate the small number of those who accompaniedSieur de Louvigny (who amounted to only 800 men) to press anaction which was important and whose delay might have caused itsloss owing to the proximity of the allies of the Reynards whom thelatter had notified and called to their help.--(Letter of Governorde Vandreuil to Council of Marine, October 14, 1716). For thisservice Louvigny was granted a gratuity of three thousand livres.This was called "The Fox War." Three of the six hostages havingdied from smallpox, ten Frenchmen, including two interpreters andone of the remaining hostages were sent west later to explain thecondition of affairs to the Reynards. At this time the disaffectedvoyageurs were induced to return to Quebec. "The result of thesetwo voygages has been the establishment of peace among all the na-tions with whom the French trade; the descent of the disaffectedFrench from the upper country, or rather their abandonment of it,and an extraordinary abundance of rich and valuable peltries."-(Louvigny to Count de Toulouse, October 1, 1717). This largeexpedition passed through the present Outagamie county. It isprobable that after reaching Grand Chute (Appleton), the expeditionpassed overland via what is now Hortonville and New London tothe Reynard village near Mukwa.

A small river (Fox) very much incommoded with falls, dis-charges itself into the bottom of this bay and is.known under thename of the Riviere des R!enards, or River of the Foxes, on accountof its neighborhood to the Outagamies, commonly called the Renardsor Foxes. All this country is extremely beautiful.- (Charlevoix'sVoyage to North America, Vol. I, 1721).

"The Otchagra Indians, commonly called Stinkards, dwelt for-merly on the shore of the bay, and in a most charming situation;they were attacked here by the Illinois, who killed a great numberof them; the rest of them took shelter on the river of the Outagamieswhich falls into the bottom of the bay. Here they settled on thebanks of a kind of lake Winnebago. The Sakies though few innum-ber are divided into two factions, one of which is in the interest ofthe Outagamies and the other in that of the Poutewatamies. Thoseof them who are settled in this post are mostly of the party of the lat-ter and consequently are friends to us."-(Charlevoix).

"The nation that has occasioned most discourse in these west-ern parts for the last twenty years is that of the Outagamies. Thenatural ferocity of these-Indians, soured by the repeated ill treat-ment they have received .and sometimes imprudently enough theiralliance with the Iroquois, always disposed to stir up new enemiesagainst us, have rendered them formidable. They have since becomestill more closely connected with the Sioux a, numerous nation whohave insensibly become warlike; this union renders almost imprac-


ticable at present the navigation of the whole upper Mississippi. Imet at the bay some Sioux to whom I put many questions with res-pect to the countries lying to the west and northwest of Canada."-(Charlevoix).

An Outagamie whom the Illinois were burning with the utmostbarbarity, havinig perceived a Frenchman among the spectatorsbegged hil to have the goodness to assist his enemies in tormentinghim and upon the other's asking him the reason of this request wasanswered: "It is because I should then have the consolation of dyingby the hands of a man. My greatest regret is that I have never killeda man." "But said an Illinois, you have killed such and such per-sons." "As for the Illinois," said the victim, "I have killed a sufficientnumber of them but I do not reckon these to be men."-(Charle-voix).

"The Renards in their last fight against the Illinois had withthem some Sioux, Mascoutins, Kicapous, Puants and Sakis, butthere were no Sauteurs or Folles Avoines. It is not surprising thatthey should have the Mascoutins and Kicapous, since the former areat present incorporated with them, while the Kicapous have alwaysbeen their allies. As for the Puans and the Sakis, it was easy to getthem, because the Puans are settled near them; and the village of theSakis is only 20 leagues from that of the Renards, with whom theyare closely connected by the marriages of the Sakis with the daugh-ters of the Renards, and of Renards with those of the Sakis. But itis not to be believed that there were any Sauteurs among them, sincethose tribes are continually at war with each other."--(GovernorVaudreuil to the Minister, October 11, 1723). At this time theRenards were at war with the Illinois.

"A nation passionate and untamable, springing up into new lifefrom every defeat, and though reduced in the numbers of their war-riors, yet present everywhere by their ferocious enterprise and savagedaring."- (Said of the Outagamies by Bancroft, the historian).

In the summer of 1724 de Lignery went to Green Bay to settleif possible the trouble between the Sauteurs and other tribes of theregion and the Renards. At this date Monsieur Damariton wascommandant at the post on Green Bay. He succeeded in securingpeace with the Sauteurs, but not with the Illinois who had not re-turned the Renard captives. Dutisne denied most of what the Ren-ards claimed. So also did Boulanger and Kereben, Jesuits, andThomur, priest among the Illinois; they said January 10, 1725:"Monsieur Delignery cannot have had the slightest doubt when hemade the peace that the five Frenchmen mentioned in his letter werekilled last spring, since their scalps were carried through the villagesof the Renards and the Poux and other lake tribes were informed ofthe affair. Moreover, even if he had not been aware of it he at leastknew certainly that in 1719 one St. Hive was killed and de Rulis-seaux wounded; that in 1721 a soldier was killed at the gate of thevillage of the Kaskacies; that in the following years Monsieur Nep-veu and. his family were massacred; that in 1723 Lesueur and La-foud were slain while hunting; that in the following year Monsieur


de St. Ange was attacked and one of his soldiers killed; and that lastspring Monsieur de Boisleviant's canoe manned by four Frenchmenand his slaves was attacked and the four Frenchmen were killed.The Illinois have not left their lands and if the Renards went thitherit was because they wished to attack the Illinois. The destructionof Le Rocher and of Prinithorny are proofs of this. Hence we mayconclude that the Renards in all their representations have imposedupon the French chiefs." Investigation showed that the Renardswere guilty of many murders and other atrocities in violation oftheir solemn promises. Ouachala was principal chief of the Renardsin 1725.

"In October last (1726) I had the honor to render you an ac-count of what had happened at la Baye (Green Bay) since the jour-ney made there last year by Monsieur de Lignery for the purpose ofnegotiating peace between the Rena-rds and the Illinois. As I havenot lost sight of the instructions you gave me, I had resolved to sendMonsieur de Lignery back to le Baye this spring to complete hiswork and to strengthen a peace that did not as yet appear to be veryfirm. The account that Monsieur du Plessis (who has succeededMonsieur Smariton in the command of the post of le Baye) has givenme the present state of the Renard's affairs, decided me otherwise.Rev. Father Chardon is missionary at le Baye."-Beauharnois to th'eMinister, May 18, 1727). At this time there was in charge of thepost at "le Baye" at least two officers and a squad of soldiers. It issingular with what ease the Indian warriors traveled long distancesto attack their enemies. The Renards at Green Bay often went tothe Illinois river in from five to seven days and returned in thesanme time with the spoils of war if they succeeded. With the sameease the Iroquois of New York came west to attack the savages inMichigan, Wisconsin, and at the Sault and the latter journeyedEast to attack the former. The Miamis of St. Joseph river, Mich-igan, went back and forth to the Green Bay region with equal facil-ity and dispatch. There was constant communication between thedifferent tribes through messengers sent 100 and 200 miles and more.Savage endurance overcame all obstacles.

"We have the honor to represent to you in our answer to theKing's memorial that the English who are jealous of the trade car-ried on by the French with the savage tribes of the upper country,try in every possible way to deprive the French of that trade, and tomake them objects of suspicion to the savages, a great number ofwhom they have won over by means of considerable presents, whichthey continually give them. We are also informed that they havesent collars underground (secret messages) to all the savage tribesamong whom the French' have posts or establishments, to urge themnto get rid of the French and to slaughter the garrisons; and'thatthe Renards who have received such collars have said that theywould no longer suffer any French among them. ,All this has de-termined us to wage war in earnest against the Renards to forestalltheir evil designs. The fresh enterprises of the English and thethreats of the savages who wish to throw off the yoke have reduced


this colony to an extremity that sufficiently justifies the necessity ofthe war against the Renards and the importance of striking a signalblow that may lower the pride of the savages and overthrow the pro-jects of our enemies. With every economy on our part the expensesof that war cannot be less than 60,000 livres."-(Beauharnois and,Dupuy to the Minister, October 25, 1727).

In 1729 there were twenty-nine soldiers stationed at le Baye,the officers being d'Amariton, captain; St. Michel, lieutenant; Char-train, ensign; Le Verrierfils, second ensign; two sergeants; threecorporals; three lance corporals; and twenty-one privates.

In 1728 Mons. de la Fresuiere with a force of Frenchmen wasamong the Foxes, but would not stop with them nor show them anyfavors, because they had recently killed Frenchmen; he said he"would not stay in a place stained with French blood." At this timethe Outagamies sued for peace. He was on his way to the Missis-sippi, and with him were Campeau, blacksmith; Menard, Reaunie,interpreters; Dumois, captain of militia; and Bayselle, voyageur.By 1829 the Outagamies had made enemies of the Kickapous, Mas-coutins, Folle Avoines, Sauteurs-in fact roused all the upper tribesagainst them, and had not made friends yet with the Sioux. In1730 the Folle Avoines, Ottawas and Winnebagoes struck the Outa-gamies at the instigation of the French, but the blow was returned,the Outagamies investing the fort of the Winnebagoes at Little,Butte des Morts.. In this extremity Ensign Marin with a companyof French militia from Green Bay went to the assistance of the Win-nebagoes. On March 19, 1730, they reached "Coulimy," probablyCacalin or Kakalin (the present Kaukauna) where they were obligedto take portage. They advanced cautiously in order to surprise theOutagamies, but were discovered and attacked near the fort with'great fury. Marin held them, made a counter attack and drove themback to their works near the fort, but had the greatest difficulty inholding his Indian allies in line; they were treacherous. On thethird day the Renards asked for a truce; and began to remove theirwomen and children, the warriors covering the retreat; they suc-ceeded in evading their enemy.

It was announced in the fall of 1730 that the Outagamies, har-rassed on all sides, were starving. At this time Captain Du Cuis-son with 30 Frenchmen struck another blow at the Outagamies whowere down in the Illinois country with 111 cabins. There St. Angewith a force of 500 struck them another severe blow. He investedthem in their fort, and in the end when they were trying to escapeby flight he killed and captured 200 warriors, besides 600 or 700women and children. The Outagamies held out here twenty-threedays before retreating. This battle was about 60 leagues southwestof the southern extremity of Lake Michigan, possibly in Kendallcounty, Illinois. The few Outagamies collected their scattered rem-nants, reorganized, elected chiefs, were joined by many of'othertribes, and soon were again.formidable. In 1831 a large body ofHurons, Ottawas and Iroquois attacked them in their village on Wis-consin river and again nearly annihilated them, slaughtering over


300. This drove the Outagamies to the Mississippi where they re-organized again. Many were soon back to Green Bay with the othertribes which befriended them. It was said that the instigator of allthe misdeeds of the Outagamies was Ki-a-la, a famous medicineman and war chief. In the end he was transported to Martinique.Orders came from Montreal to bring all Renards there to be des-troyed. "The Sieur de Villiers also had orders, if that wretchedremnant will not obey to kill them without thinking of making a

single prisoner, so as not to leave one of the race alive in the uppercountry if possible. If he is obliged to exterminate the men, thewomen and children who remain will be brought here (Montreal)especially the children. I hope Monsieugneur that if this step meetswith the success that I expect from it, we shall be in a position nextyear to make all our nations of the lakes attack the Chicachas (Chick-asaws). As I have written to Detroit and to all the posts in theneighborhood of the Mississippi to go there, I expect that there willbe a number of bands in the field. Thirty men' from Sault St. Louisand from the lake of Two Mountains have gone there lately. Thevillage of the Sakis, Monseigneur has been restored to its former con-dition."- (Beauharnois to the French Minister, Montreal, July 1,

1733).Late in 1733 when the French at Green Bay undertook to arrest

and convey the remnants of the Outagamies to Montreal, they re-sisted and were assisted by the Sakis, and Mons. de Villiers and his

son were killed and three other Frenchmen were wounded. At thistime the son was at Little Cacalin with a force to intercept the Outa-gamies should they try to escape. The Sakis and Outagamies re-

treated up Fox river and were hotly pursued by the French andtheir Indian allies and a severe battle was fought three leagues fromthe fort. This occurrence again roused the French authorities whohad been assured that no trouble was to be feared from the Outa-gamies. The latter and the Sakis went to the Mississippi and estab-

lished themselves in the present Iowa. There they were pursuedby Sieur de Nogelles with a force of 84 Frenchmen and 200 settledIndians, all moving up Fox river and on to the Mississippi. The

expedition was only partly successful because the Indians scattered toavoid them. Several battles were had with detachments and many

were killed. This was in, 1735, and a battle was fought near thepresent Des Moines, Iowa.

From 1735 to 1739 the French at Green Bay tried to make up with the Sacs and Foxes, even inviting them back to their old homes,but they were refused and in their new home were joined by manyothers and soon were again a menace to western trade. They suc-ceeded in forming leagues with the Sioux and the Iroquois. Duringthese years and later the Green Bay region was thronged with cour-

eurs du bois who carried on their traffic with the Indians to a con-siderable extent in spite of the company of militia at the fort. Inspite of all that could be done the farmers (storekeepers) continuedto sell goods to the coureurs.


By 1750 many Outagamies and Sioux were in the vicinity ofGreen Bay, besides Puants, Kickapous, Folle Avoines, Sauteurs, Sa-kis, and others. In 1756 the trade then was owned by Mons. deRigaud Vaudreuil who farmed it to a few dealers for 9,000 francsper annum. About this time each year the Green Bay agency sentto Montreal from 500 to 600 packs of furs. In 1758 the Folle Av-oines killed 11 Frenchmen at Green Bay and pillaged a storehouse;another account says 22 Frenchmen and pillaged a magazine at thepost.

In 1760-61 the British took possession of the Green Bay coun-try, having captured from the French all of Canada. LieutenantGorrell was the first British commander at Green Bay. He spent ayear in gaining the good will of the Indians. The tribes here did notjoin Pontiac's conspiracy. In 1766 Jonathan Carver passed up Foxriver. Peter Pond did the same in 1773. The Revolution of 1776-82 transferred all this territory to the United States. The suppres-sion of the Jesuits in 1775 caused the desertion of nearly all the up-per country by the white traders and missionaries. The savages wereleft much to their own devices.

As early as 1821 the Oneidas and other Eastern tribes visitedin small numbers the Green Bay country, but the Menominees andWminnebagoes, instigated by the French, refused to cede them anyland. A little later the French relented and agreed to cede a stripfive miles wide extending across Fox river at Little Chute; this grantwas finally made August 18,. 1821. In 1822 the Menominees madea large grant covering much of the present Outagamie county.Really, the Menominees at this time for a small consideration cededto the NTew York Indians a right in common to the whole of theirlands; they were really swindled. Late in the fall of 1822 a partyof about fifty Stockbridges located at Grand Kakalin on the eastside of the river. The next year many others came and locatedthere and at Little Kakalin. The Menominees soon repented of theirbargain, when it was too late; in fact they were hopelessly dividedamong themselves as to what should be done. The Oneidas whoarrived in 1823 and 1824 remained on Fox river until removed toDuck Creek. In 1825 another band of Oneidas came to Duck Creek.The Stockbridges remained at Grand Kakalin. The treaty of 1827at Butte des Morts and others settled the whole Indian question forthe Green Bay region.

In 1825 the Winnebagoes claimed from the portage across toFox river "thence down Fox river to the Winnebago lake and-to thegrand Kaukaulin (Kaukauna.) including in'their claim the wholeof Winnebago lake. At this date, also, the Menominees claimed allthe country bounded north by the Chippewas, east by Green Bay andLake Michigan, south as far as Milwaukee river and west as far asBlack river.

On August 11, 1827, at a treaty held ati Butte des Morts on Foxriver the Menominee and Winnebago'Indians left the settlement oftheir troubles to the president of the United States. The following.was established as the boundary between the Government and the


Menominee tribe: "Beginning on the shore of Green Bay six milesdue north from the parallel of the mouth of Fox river and runningthence in a straight line but with the general course of said riverand six miles therefrom to the intersection of the continuation of thewesterly boundary of the tract at the Grand Kaukaulhn claimed byAugustin Grignon, thence on a line with the said boundary to thesame; thence with the same to Fox river; thence on the same coursesix miles," and so on around to Green Bay. The Winnebagoes wereparties to this treaty.

On February 8, 1831, a treaty with the Menominee Indianssecured to the government all the claim of that tribe to a large tractaround Green Bay including all of what is now Outa.gamie countyon both sides of the river. At this time the Menominees claimed allthe tract thus ceded as the exclusive property of their tribe. TheMenominees agreed that the following tract might be set apart asthe home of several tribes of New York Indians, who might comethere to settle within three years: "Beginning on the west side ofFox river near the Little Kackalin (Kaukauna) at a point knownas the 'Old Mill Dam,' thence northwest forty miles; thence north-east to the Oconto Creek falling into Green Bay; thence down said,creek to Green Bay; thence up and along Green Bay and Fox riverto the place of beginning," excluding therefrom all private landclaims confirmed; and also the following reservation for militarypurposes-"Beginning on the Fox river at the mouth of the firstcreek above Fort Howard, thence north 64 degrees, west to Duckcreek; thence down said Duck creek to its mouth; thence up andalong Green Bay and Fox river to the place of beginning." Thistract ceded for tho benefit of the New York Indians contained about500,000 acres and included all the improvements on the west sideof Fox river. At this time all the Menominee territory south of Foxriver was ceded to the United States. The following tract then occu-pied and owned by the Menominees was set apart for their futureand permanent home. "Beginning on .the west side of Fox river atthe old mill dam near the Little Kackalin (Kaukauna) and run-ning up and along said river to the Winnebago lake; thence up Foxriver to the Wolf river; thence up Wolf river to a point southwestof the west corner of the tract herein designated for the New YorkIndians; thence northeast to said west corner; thence southeast tothe place of beginning." This was to be their future home. Herethey were to be taught at the expense of the government how tofarm and keep house according to white customs and were to befurnished with domestic animals, farming utensils, etc. A saw-mill and a grist-mill were to be erected by the government. On Foxriver for the benefit of the Menominees. The tribe reserved theright to hunt and fish on the south side of Fox river and Green Bayas well as on the North side. At this treaty R. A. Forsythe, C. A.Grignon, A. G. Ellis and Richard Prickett were interpreters. SamuelC. Stambaugh was Indian agent at Green Bay. This treaty was con-cluded at Washington, D. C. Later many changes were made in theprovisions of this treaty.


On June 25, 1832, it was provided that a new boundary shouldbe given the tract set apart for the New York Indians ''to commenceat a point on the west side of Fox river and one mile aboye the GrandChute on Fox river" as to add 200,000 acres to the original tract "onand along the west side of Fox river without including any of theprivate claims along said Fox river."

In a treaty September 15, 1832, the Winnebagoes ceded to theUnited States their claim to the following tract: "Beginning at themouth of Peketolaka river; thence up Rock river to its source; thencewith a, line dividing the Winnebago nation from other Indians eastof the Winnebago lake to the Grand Chute; thence up Fox river tothe Winnebago. lake and with the northern shore of said lake to theinlet of Fox river and thence around to the beginning."

In a treaty held with the Menominees in the agency house atGreen Bay, October 27, 1832, an additional tract was granted tothe Brothertown Indians "to colmmence at a point on the west sideof the Fox river and one mile above the Grand Chute on Foxriver" to comprehend the additional quantity of 200,000 acres onand along the west side of Fox river without including any of theconfirmed private land claims on the Fox river, and which 200,000acres shall be a part of 500,000 acres intended to be set apart forthe Six Nations of the New York Indians and the St. Regis tribe.All this was refused by the Menominees. They agreed to cedethe following tract: "Beginning on the said treaty line at the oldmill damn on Fox river and thence extending up and along Fox riverto the Little Rapid Croche; thence running northwest three miles;thence on a line running parallel with the several'courses of Foxriver and three miles distant from the river until it will intersecta line running on the northwest course, commencing .at a pointone mile above the Grand Chute and thence northward and aroundto the beginning and to include 200,000 acres." Charles A. Grignonwas granted the right to erect a mill on Apple creek.

By the treaty held at Cedar Point on Fox river, September 3,1836, the Menominee Indians ceded the following tract to theUnited States: "Beginning at the mouth of Wolf river and runningup the same to a point on the north branch of said river whereit crosses the extreme north or rear line of the 500,000 acre tractheretofore granted to the New York Indians; thence following theline last mentioned inanortheastwardly direction three miles; thencein a northwardly course to the upper forks of the Menomiinee riverat a point to intersect the boundary line between the Menomineeand Chippewa nation of Indians; thence following the said boun-dary line last mentioned in an eastwardly direction as defined andestablished by the treaty of Little Butte des Morts in 1827 to theSmooth Rock or Shos-kin-aubie river; thence down the said riverto where it empties into Green Bay between the Little and GreatBay de Noquet; thence up and along the west side of Green Bay(and including all the islands therein not heretofore ceded) to themouth of the Fox river; thence up and along the said Fox riverand along the west side of Winnebago lake (including the islands


therein) to the mouth of Fox river where it empties into said lake(Winnebago); thence up and along said Fox river to the placeof beginning (saving and reserving out of the district of'countryabove ceded and described all that part of the 500,000 acres grantedby the treaties between the Menomonees and the United States madeFebruary 8, 1831, and on October 27, 1832, which may be situatedwithin the boundaries hereinbefore described, the quantity of landcontained in the tract hereby ceded being estimated at about fourmillions of acres."

By the treaty of February 3, 1838, with the Oneidas the follow-ing agreement was made: "The First Christian and Orchard parties

of Indians cede to the United States all their title and interest inthe land set apart for them in the first article of the treaty withthe Menominees of February 8, 1831, and the second article of

the treaty with the same tribe of October 27, 1832. From the fore-going cession there shall be reserved to the said Indians, to be heldas other Indian lands are held, a tract of land containing 100 acres

for each individual and the lines of which shall be so run as toinclude all their settlements and improvements in the vicinity of

Green Bay." For this cession the Government paid to the Orchardparty $3,000, and to the First Christian party $30,500, of whichlast sum $3,000 might be expended under Rev. Solomon Davis in

the erection of a church and parsonage. Jacob Cornilius signed thistreatv on behalf of the Orchard party and Henry Powles, John

Sundown, Adam Swamp and Daniel Bread on behalf of the First

Christians.By the treaty of February 3, 1838, the First Christian and

Orchard parties of Oneidas ceded to the United States the tract cededto them by the Mlenominees February 8, 1831, and October 22,

1832. But from this cession there was reserved to the Oneidas a

tract of 100 acres to every individual of the tribe and to includeall their settlements and improvements in the vicinity of GreenBay.

The New York Indians reserved the following tract by treatyof January 15, 1838: "Beginning at the southwesterly corner of theFrench grants at Green Bay and running thence southwardly to a

point on a line to be run from the Little Cocaclin parallel to a

line of the French grants and six miles from Fox river and thenceon said parallel line northwardly six miles; thence eastwardly to

a point on the northeast line of the Indian lands and being at rightangles to the same."

"The Memorial of the Legislature of the State of Wisconsin

to Congress respectfully represents, that the Oneida Indians havebeen Christians since the beginning of the century; and since theyremoved to their reservation in this State in the year 1828 they

have steadily advanced in civilization; that they have schools and

have acquired the English language; that they are good steady

farmers, skillful mechanics, axmen and workmen generally; thatthey have lived for a series of years under a democratic form .ofgovernment established by themselves and different from the former


hereditary chieftain government; and that we are informed that alarge majority of them are desirous of acquiring the rights of citi-zenship and of holding their lands in severalty. Your memorialiststherefore respectfully request that if they will consent, a treatybe made with these Indians, conferring upon them the rights ofcitizenship and holding their lands in severalty, and trust that inthe event of such a treaty being carried out and their surplus landsbeing brought into market, its results will be most beneficial, notonly to those Indians, but to that part of the State where they arelocated. Approved March 8, 1870."

"Memorial to Congress: The memorial of the legislature of theState of Wisconsin respectfully represents: That in the counties ofBrown and Outagamie in this State there are about 1,337 Indiansof the Oneida tribe located on a reservation of about 65,000 acresof land; that the said Indians are in a deplorable condition, with-out the necessaries of life and under the present policy of the gov-ernment, without ambition or stimulus for exertion and improve-ment and are retrograding in civilization and capacity for selfmaintenance; that in the opinion of your memorialists the true in-terests of humanity and civilization dictate that a radical changeshould be made in the government, condition and prospects of thesaid Indians who are themselves anxious and eager that a different,policy should be adopted in their behalf. Therefore, in the interestof the said tribe of Indians. and for their elevation, improvementand civilization, your memorialists respectfully ask that a law or,laws may be passed by your honorable bodies as follows:

"First. Providing for the allotment to each head of a familyand to each of such other Indians in said tribe as shall be deemedbest, land in said reservation to an amount not exceeding eightyacres; and for the sale of the balance of the land in said reservationwhich shall remain after such allotment and for the permanentinvestment of the proceeds of such sale for the benefit of such tribe.

"Second. Providing that all real estate so allotted to any ofthe said tribe of Indians shall not be alienated by the owner thereofand that with this exception all civil and criminal laws of the Stateshall apply to the members of the said tribe of Indians except suchlaws as would permit them to vote and to hold office.

"Third. Providing for a commission which shall determinefrom time to time what members if any of the said tribe are ofsufficient intelligence and character to merit the right to vote andto hold office and conferring such right upon any such members,of the said tribe, as may be adjudged by such commission to beworthy and qualified for it.

"Resolved by the Assembly, the Senate concurring, That thegovernor of this State is hereby respectfully requested to transmita copy of this memorial to each of our senators and representativesin Congress from this State. Approved February 23, 1877."

The act approved May 20, 1903, created two townships inBrown and Outagamie counties from the territory embraced in the


Oneida reservation; the town in Brown county became Hobart ahdthe town in Outagamie became Oneida. The first town meetingin Hobart was ordered held June 2, 1903, in the Union schoolhouse,and the first town meeting in Oneida was ordered held on the samedate in Epworth Hall in said town. The usual town officers wereordered chosen and the towns were given all the rights and powersconferred upon other towns of the State.

COUNTY AFFAIRS AND MISCELLANY.

W HAT is now the County of Outagamie was owned by the

Indians until taken possession of by the French in theseventeenth century. It so remained until it passed toGreat Britain as a result of the Seven Years' War, 1761-2.

At the close of the Revolution, 1783, it became the possession of the

United States. In 1789 it was made a part of the Northwest Terri-tory, and in 1800 a part of Indiana Territory. In 1809 it was in-cluded in Illinois Territory and so remained until 1818, when it

was attached to Michigan Territory. On April 20, 1836, it was in-cluded in the Territory of Wisconsin.

By the Act of January 11, 1805, all territory east of the line duenorth from the south end of Lake Michigan to the northern bound-ary of the United States was constituted Michigan Territory.

By the Act of Congress approved April 18, 1818, "all that part

of the Illinois Territory which is situated north of and not includedwithin, the boundaries described by this Act (creating the State ofIllinois) to the state thereby authorized to be formed, shall be andhereby is attached to and made a part of the Michigan Territoryfrom and after the formation of the said state (of Illinois), subject,nevertheless, to be hereafter disposed of by Congress according to theright reserved in the fifth article of the ordinances as aforesaid."

Brown county, Michigan Territory, was given the followingboundaries: "Bounded on the north by the county of Michilimack-inac as established by an act of the governor of the said territoryof this date; on the east by the said county of Michilimack-inac and by the western boundary of the said territory as the same

was established by the Act of Congress passed January 11, 1805,entitled 'An Act to divide the Indiana Territory into two separategovernments;' on the south by the states of Indiana and Illinois;

and on the west by a line to be drawn due north from the northernboundary of the State of Illinois through the middle of the portage

between the Fox river and the Ouissin (Wisconsin) river to thecounty of Michilimackinac, into a separate county to be called thecounty of Brown, October 26, 1818."

"And I do establish the seat of justice of the said county of

Brown at such point on the Fox river and within six miles of the

mouth thereof, as may be selected by a majority of the judges of theCounty Court of said county.

"LEWIS 'CASS,

"Governor of Michigan Territory."

The County Court was ordered held on the second Monday of Julyof every year.

52


In 1824 a bill was drawn dividing Michigan Territory into two

separate governments, one was to be called Chippewau. The bill was

drawn by J. D. Doty. One section was as follows: "That the seat

of government of said territory shall be established at or near the

village of Munnominnee (so called) on the east bank of the Fox

river, eleven miles above Fort Howard. And the Legislature of the

said territory shall cavse the public buildings to be erected at such

point near the said village as they may deem most suitable; and five

thousand acres of land located by the Governor to be below the

Grand Kaukaulan on said river, is hereby given to the said Legis-

lature for the use of the Territory, the proceeds of which shall be

applied to the erection of the said Territorial buildings."

"All that district of country within the county of Brown to

which the Indian title has been extinguished and comprehended

with the following boundaries, namely: Commencing at a point

ten miles southeast from the head of the rapids of the Grand Kau-

kaulin and running a due northeast course until it intersects a line

drawn due northwest and southeast through Point au Sable

of Green Bay, thence along said line until it intersects another line

commencing at and running a due northeast course from a point ten

miles northwest from the head of the rapids aforesaid, and from

thence due southeast to the place of beginning, shall be the town-

ship of Green Bay. April 27, 1827."In May, 1832, Morgan L. Martin was councilman from the

Seventh District, composed of the counties of Chippewa, Michili-

mackinac, Brown, Crawford and Iowa. There was introduced in

Congress about this time a bill to establish the Territory of Huron

or Ouisconsin.In 1832 post routes were granted from Chicago to Green Bay,

and Green Bay to Prairie du Chien via Fort Winnebago. The latter

crossed Outagamie county."That all that tract of country lying north of the State of Illi-

nois, west of Lake Michigan and south and southeast of the Wiscon-

sin and Fox rivers of Green Bay, in the present territory of Michigan,

be laid off into four new land districts." One was called Green Bay

Land District, "which district shall embrace the country north of

said rivers (Wisconsin and Fox), when the Indian title shall become

extinguished and the Green Bay District may be divided so as to

form two districts when the President shall deem it proper." On

June 15, 1836, the Green Bay district was divided, the southern half

being cut off and constituted the Milwaukee district.

The Act of December 9, 1836, fixed the seat of justice for Brown

county at either Navarino, Astor or DePere, as might be decided by

the voters.On September 6, 1834, the boundaries of Brown county were

fixed as follows: "Bounded north by the county of Michilimack-

inac." All that part of Brown county to which the Indian title

ships 11 and 12 north, in the Green Bay Land district, and east by

the line drawn due north through the middle of Lake Michigan

until it strikes the southern boundary of the county of Michilimack-


inack." All that part of Brown county to which the Indian titlewas extinguished was attached to and constituted a part of the town-ship of Green Bay. South of Brown county to the Illinois line wasmade Milwaukee county, which was attached to Brown for judicialpurposes. Approved September 6, 1834.

"All that district of country in said county (Brown) lying onthe west side of Fox river and Green Bay in the county of Brownand north of the south line of the claim of Paul Duchane (Duch-arme) at the Grand Kaukaulin extended, shall be a township by thename of Howard, and the first township meeting shall be held atthe dwelling house of Jacques Porlier on the first Monday of Sep-tember next."-Approved March 17, 1835.

"All that district of country in said county composed of sur-veyed townships 21, 22 and 23 north, ranges 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22east, shall be a township by the name of Mason, and the first townshipmeeting shall be held in the courthouse in the village of Menomi-nee on the first Monday of September next."-Approved March 17,1835. As will be seen this township embraced the southeastern partof the present Outagamie county. In 1839 a portion of the presentOutogamie county became the town of Kaukaulin. (See chapter onKaukauna.)

In January, 1840, Daniel Whitney, William Dickerson, Alex-ander Grignon and David Johnson were appointed commissioners bythe Legislature to lay out a, territorial road from Fort Howard viaGrand Kakalin and Little Butte de Morts to Knagg's ferry in Browncounty.

The Act of February, 1846, authorized the construction of amacadam, plank, rail or turnpike road from the foot of GrandKakalin to Winnebago lake.

"George Grignon, of Green Bay, while shooting pigeons nearGrand Kaukalin accidentally shot his right arm near the wristthrough the center, so that it had to be amputated. Doctor Arm-strong, assisted by Doctor Ward, performed the operation."-( GreenBay Advocate, August 27, 1846.)

The Act of March 13, 1848, incorporated the Winnebago Lake& Fox River Road company, with power to build a plank road fromWinnebago lake to the foot of the rapids at the Grand Kakalin;the incorporators were Albert G. Ellis, William Mitchell, SamuelRyan, Siliver Newton, Henry S. Baird, William Dickinson, ErastusM. Drury, Francis McCarty and George McWilliams.

In 1848 Wisconsin Territory, by vote of the residents and theadoption of a constitution, formed a state government and asked foradmission into the Union, which was granted. The new state askedfor the improvement of the Fox and Wisconsin rivers under theformer Act of 1846.

In 1849 George W. Lawe, John '0. Dean and Thomas H. Clarkwere authorized to lay out and establish a state road from Wolf rivernear the southwest corner of section 20, town 22, range 16, to theGrand Kaukalin. At this time a state road was ordered laid out


from Madison to Green Bay, via Oshkosh; another was establishedfrom Winnebago rapids, via Grand Chute, to Aldrich's mill.

In response to a general call for a meeting of the pioneers ofthe county, signed by John Stephens, J. M. Phinney, Harmon Jones,G. H. Myers, W. S. Warner, J. F. Johnston, William McGuire, Sam-uel Ryan, Jr., and others, a large number met at the hall of J. C.Smith in Appleton on Washington's birthday, 1872. John Stephenscalled the meeting to order and James M. Phinney was chosen tem-porary chairman. He stated the object of the meeting. A commit-tee was appointed to prepare a program for the occasion. A resolu-tion inviting Dr. Steele of the university and the ministers of thecounty to attend was passed. A list of old settlers was ordered madeout, with statistics of their arrival. A constitution was at once pre-pared. The first officers elected were: John Stephens, president;Ethan Powers, vice-president, Daniel Huntley, secretary; JohnLeith, treasurer; H. L. Blood, John Dey, W. H. P. Bogan, EdwinNye and John H. McGillan, executive council. The song of thepioneers, composed by Mr. Stephens, was then first read and thensung. At the conclusion of the song, dinner was served. After din-ner Mr. Stephens delivered the first address and told how he hadhunted over the country before it was settled. Dr. A. B. Randallcame here first in August, 1847, and erected a log cabin in 1848.W. S. Warner said he came to Appleton in 1847, before a street wasopened or a house built, and later helped to chop out Collegeavenue; built his own house in a day and a half; he and George H.Myers got lost in the woods between Appleton and Hortonville.Prof. James M. Phinney said when he came here in 1848 "the veryidea of building the college here in the woods with no town orvillage near it, appeared almost foolhardy; he became teacher ofmathematics; they began 'the university in the fall (of 1848) withthirty-five students, little and big. Before winter ended they had100 and before the year closed 150. Randall Johnson of Black Creeksaid he settled in what was Bovina in 1852; helped lay out the GreenBay and Stevens Point road; stopped with Mr. Jordan where Shioctonnow stands. John Leith located in Center in 1850; went back toEngland, returned, got lost in the woods near his own home andwas out over night with wolves howling around; his wife taught thefirst term of school in the town. John Batley, John H. McGillan,Charles Breitreick, L. L. Randall, Daniel Huntley, John Dey, Capt.Ethan Powers and others related how they settled here. "General'A. J. Jackson, an old colored man, was called out. Mr. Stephensintroduced him as "the first white settler in the county." He wasreared in Tennessee, near Nashville; could not tell when he camehere; lived for a time in a wigwam with Winnebago Indians whereMadison is; then lived in Oshkosh before it had a name; and thenat Neenah; secured a wife from the Stockbridge Indians, had sixchildren, but all died: "I was the first settler this side of the Oneidaline; I chopped and cleared many farms-one for Mr. Abbot, ofFreedom; one for Mr. Woodward, and one for Mr. Phinney."Ephraim St. Louis, of Kaukauna, said he came from Canada to









Green Bay in 1838 and traveled thence to Kaukauna on foot; lostthe trail, but followed the river; wolves all around him; went toLittle Chute and located and had resided there ever since. Thesame year a Methodist missionary settled here with the Indians.St. Louis soon went up the river to see the country; reached "FlatRock" at what is now Appleton; saw a fresh brush-heap, examinedit and found the dead body of the Methodist missionary, who nodoubt had been murdered; went back to Little Chute; got help;buried him where he was found; never knew his name; word wassent to the Indian agent, Colonel Boyd, who at once demanded ofthe Menominee chief the arrest of the murderers; three Indianswere taken and locked in the Depere jail; one confessed that theykilled him expecting to get money; they cut out his heart and ateit and drank his blood to make themselves brave; the other twoIndians killed the one who confessed in jail, and then hung them-selves with strips of their blankets. I took through the river to thelake, portaging around the rapids the first boat that sailed on thewaters of Lake Winnebago, the sailboat 'Snow Bird'. (Statementsof Mr. St. Louis).

The following is a list of the pioneers prepared and publishedat this time:

George St. Louis, 1839; N. Pauley, 1842; Thomas St. Louis,1844; Ephraim St. Louis, 1838; James Jackson (colored), 1830;Christian Heinz, 1842; R. R. Bateman, 1847; H. L. Blood, 1847;M. Culbertson 1848, Charles Wolcott 1848, John Stephens 1848,Alexander Ross 1848, John F. Johnston 1848, John Lillman 1848,J. C. Van Neil 1848, S. . Childs 1848, W. H. Johnston 1843, JohnDey 1849, W. McGuire 1849, David Barry 1849, C. E. Wolcott 1849,Thomas Powers 1849, Wait Cross 1849, Charles Breitreich 1849,C. A. Fisher 1849, M. D. McGrath 1849, P. V. Smith 1849, T. W.Lyman 1849, J. C. Smith 1849, D. Huntley 1849, Thomas Gleed1849, A. P. Lewis 1849, H. M. Jones 1849, Miles R. Perry 1849,Edwin WVolcott 1849, Frank Wolcott 1849, Mrs. S. A. Wilson 1849,H. Greenfield 1849, Mathew Nugent 1849, John McPherson 1849,John McPherson Jr. 1849, J. M. Phinney 1849, George H. Myers1849, W. W. Crane 1849, W. B. Crane 1849, W. S. Warner 1849,A. Mortis 1849, Harrison Green 1849, W. F. Johnston 1849, Mrs.N. Mereness 1849, Fred Blood 1849, F. L. Tuttle 1849, A. B. Briggs1849, A. P. Lewis 1849, H. M. Jones 1849, Miles R. Perry 1849, E.E. Powers 1850, Levi Randall 1850, James Gilmore 1850, HenryPriest 1850, J. H. Wharton 1850, Nicholas Wertz 1850, W. G.Whorton 1850, Clark Renoud 1850, Hector McKay 1850, John Leith1850, L. L. Randall 1850, F. C. Vandebogart 1850, Morris R. Gleed1850, A. C. Darling 1850, C. B. Brownell 1850, A. G. Smith 1850,Mrs. P. A. Brownell 1850, R. Johnston 1850, John Batley 1850,R. K. Randall 1850, George Knowles 1850, E. Godwin 1850, E.Connery 1850, A. B. Everts 1850, J. D. Pierce 1850, G. M. Robin-son 1850, Almany Orr 1851, E. Saxton 1851, Samuel Boyd 1851,John McGillian 1851, James A. McGillan 1851, R. G. GMcGillan1851, Jennie St. Louis 1851, M. B. Johnston 1851, Humphrey Sul-






livan 1851, M. H. Lyon 1851, George G. Johnston 1851 S. B. Beld-

ing 1851, W. D. Reynolds 1851, Seth J. Perry 1851, John H. Barnes

1852, Samuel Ryan Jr. 1852, Dr. Byron Douglas 1852,- Earle W.

Douglas 1852, J. H. Marston 1852, L. Zenton 1852, James Ryan

1852, W. W. Briggs 1852, G. W. Boone 1852, W. L. Sweetzer 1852,

M. Doran 1852, E. Spencer 1853, Francis Bernard 1853, R. F. Mc-

Grath 1853, Alfred Aspinall 1853, H. D. Ryan 1853, W. H. P. Bo-gan 1853.

In February, 1850, there was a tri-weekly mail Green Bay to

Fond du Lac via Kaukauna, Appleton, Neenah, etc. In 1850 Con-

gress gave to the states all the unsold swamp and overflowed land

within their respective borders. The act of February 4, 1850.authorized a state road laid out from Hortonville in Brown county.

to Grignon bridge in Winnebago county, A. E. Horton, William N.

Davis and Cyrenus Baldwin were commissioners. On June 1, 1850,

the population was as follows: Ellington 264, Grand Chute 630,

Hortonia 192, Kaukauna 689 and Lansing 209. The population

of Brown county in'1846 was 2,672; 1847, 2,914; 1850, 6,222. In

1849-50 six townships were separated from Brown county and added

to Manitowoc county.In the legislature early in 1851 a bill was introduced to construct

a bridge over Fox river at Grand Kaukauna. For this three substi-

tutes were offered: A toll bridge at Grand Kaukauna; a bridge over

the river at Grand Chute; a toll bridge over the river

at Little Chute. The first one above mentioned was in-troduced in the senate by Mr. Conkey. Other bills were to incor-

porate the Fox and Wisconsin Plank Road Company; build the

Waupun and Oshkosh road; a memorial to Congress to survey the

public lands north of Fox river, and one prohibiting any personsbut Indians from killing wild buck, doe and fawn during February,March, April, May and June of each year.

In 1850 Theodore Conkey was senator from the first district.

In the legislature in January, 1851, the following proceedings werehad: "By Mr. 'Conkey, No. 17, Senate. A bill to divide the county

of Brown and to create the county of Utaghamie, Wednesday, Janu-

ary 15, 1851." The next day the Senate as a committee of the whole

considered the bill to create Utagamie county and reported it back

to the Senate without amendment. Further consideration was post-

poned eight days. It was then postponed until January 31, on

which day it was reported back with amendments by the committee

of the whole; the Senate agreed to the amendments. Mr. Conkeythen moved to amend the 6th section by striking out the word "vil-

lage" and inserting the words "town of Grand Chute." Mr. Gale

moved to amend by striking out the word "Utagamie" wherever it

occurred in the bill and to insert therefor the word "Fox;" carried

9 to 1. The bill was then ordered engrossed. Later the motion to

engross was reconsidered by 11 to 5. Mr. Conkey voted not to re-

consider. Mr. Bugh then moved to reconsider the vote to strike out

the word "Outagamie" and to insert the word "Fox;" agreed to.

Mr. Conkey voted against this motion to reconsider. The bill was



http://www.foxvalleymemory.org/photoindex/files/record.asp?id=PP-48-124A





then ordered engrossed for a third reading. Mr. Reed moved tosuspend the rules and have the bill read the third time which wasdone. It then was put upon its passage and was carried. Mr.Conkey voted against the motion to pass the bill. It was his ownbill, was passed as he introduced it, but he voted against it appar-ently because he had changed his views concerning it perhaps as tothe proposed alteration in name. On February 15, the House con-curred in the bill creating Outagamie county as it was spelled at last.

The act approved February 17, 1851, was as follows: "Thatall that portion of country now embraced in the county of Brown,known and designated as Towns 21, 22, 23 and 24 north, ranges15, 16, 17 and 18 and the west half of 19, is hereby set off into aseparate county, which shall be called and known as the county ofOutagamie.

"That the county of Outagamie as aforesaid shall be organizedafter the first day of April next for the purpose of county govern-ment, and shall enjoy all the rights, privileges, immunities andpowers of the other counties of this state.

"There shall be an election held in the several towns and pre-cincts such now or may be hereafter established by law on the firstTuesday of April next for the election of all such town and countyofficers as the said county by virtue of its organization and the privi-leges of this act shall be entitled to, who shall severally hold theiroffices until the first day of January after the next general annualelection and their successors are duly qualified.

"The said election shall be considered in all respects in themanner now provided for holding the same under the law regulatinggeneral elections and the votes cast at the same shall be returnedand canvassed as therein provided and the judges of said electionshall issue certificates of election to any person duly elected under theprovisions of this act.

"That the seat of justice of said county shall be and is herebylocated at the Town of Grand Chute in said county and the citizensof said county may at their first election vote for or against theestablishment of the seat of justice of said county at any place insaid county and the place so receiving a majority of the votes polledat such election shall be the permanent seat of justice.

"Said county so established shall remain attached to the countyof Brown for judicial purposes until otherwise provided by law.

"The county supervisors so elected on said day of election shallmeet as soon thereafter as may be at the seat of justice and withthe clerk of said county, all of whom being first duly qualified ac-cording to law and under oath by some person authorized to admin-ister the same, shall then and there proceed to organize said countyand may then and there perform all such duties and services as maybe required of them by law in order that the said county may beorganized as contemplated by this act and to approve the qualifica-tions of other county officers.

"That the county of Outagamie shall pay into the treasury ofthe county of Brown all costs, fees, charges and expenses that shall


be paid by the county of Brown that may accrue in consequence ofany prosecution, conviction, imprisonment or proceedings whateveragainst any person charged with any crime or misdemeanor withinsaid county of Outagamie and the supervisors of the county of Brownmay sue and collect the same from said county of Outagamie in anycourt of competent jurisdiction."

"At Kaukauna we found some buildings going on and there issaid to be a good demand for lots. The country back towards Wolfriver is now receiving settlers and preparations are making to opena road to that river from Kaukauna. The land is of the very bestquality and persons are constantly arriving in search of locations.The new hotel at Lansing is a fine building and we found Mr.Hanna and a number of others at work preparing for the 'gravita-tion ball' which was to come off soon. We stopped the second nightat the house of Mr. Jackman at Grand Chute. Having some busi-ness in Dublin, the settlement at the public works on the oppositeside'of the river, we found some twenty shanties, filled with in-mates ready to go to work. They are now getting out timber forthe lock; the canal is about half completed. Grand Chute, Apple-ton and Lawesburg continue to grow and business seems in a healthycondition. We noticed many new buildings, which were constructedwith a good deal of taste. The institution (Lawrence University)is in full operation and doing well. It is highly spoken of every-where. There are many new clearings and new and neat farm-houses on the way from the Chute to Neenah. Good locations areeagerly sought after and uncleared land is sold readily for $10 to $15per acre. This will do for a country through which, three years ago,the only road was an Indian trail."-(Cor. Green Bay Advocate,January 16, 1851).

"At the first meeting of the board of supervisors for the county,of Outagamie held in pursuance of the act creating said county atthe house of R. P. Edgarton in the village of Appleton in saidcounty April 18th, A. D., 1851, the following chairmen werepresent from their respective towns: Grand Chute-Geo. M. Robin-son; Kaukauna (misspelled in the records)-Geo. W. Lawe; Lan-sing-Lewis A. Hine; Greenville-Lorenzo E. Darling; Hortonia-Josephus Wakefield; Ellington-(absent)." George M. Robinsonwas chosen chairman of the board and R. A. Lawe, secretary pro tem.Charles A. Grignon, treasurer-elect, presented his certificate of elec-tion from the clerk of the board of Brown county; also his bond withthe signatures of Charles A. Grignon and of M. L. Martin, PerryH. Smith and Alexander Grignon as sureties; this bond was acceptedand Mr. Grignon was duly sworn in as county treasurer. LorenzoE. Darling became clerk of the county board. Charles Turner wasduly qualified as county surveyor.

This meeting was evidently held in the forenoon, because anadjournment was taken to half past one o'clock, when upon motionof Josephus Wakefield a "furnishing. committee" was appointed bythe chairman to procure books, stationery, desks, cases and othernecessaries for the county officers. This committee was composed


of Hine, Wakefield and Lawe. Mir. Wakefield asked to be released,whereupon Mr. Robinson was substituted on the committee. Mr.La.we upon request was also excused and Lorenzo E. Darling wassubstituted. The following resolution was then adopted: "Resolved,That the register of deeds be authorized immediately after receivinghis books to transcribe the records from the register's office at GreenBay appertaining to land in Outagamie county." The followingresolution was also adopted: "Resolved, That the chairman of thisboard be authorized to receive proposals or bids for erecting suitablecounty buildings in Grand Chute, Appleton, Lawesburg or anyother part of Grand Chute, said proposals to be accompanied bydrafts specifying the block or lot on which they propose to erectthose buildings; said proposals to be received before the next meet-ing of the board." The "furnishing committee" was authorized toprocure a seal for the county. Miles F. Johnson was authorized tocharge 10 cents for each foot passenger on his ferry over Fox river.A resolution annexing certain lands to the towns of Kaukauna andLansing having been lost, a motion to reconsider carried, whereuponthe original resolutions were unanimously adopted. These resolu-tions were as follows: "That so much of town 21, range 19, as isembraced in Outagamie county; also sections 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 and33, town 22, range 19, be embraced in the town of Kaukauna; andthat,so much of the county of Outagamie as lies east and north ofthe town of Lansing, excepting sections 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 and 33,town 22, range 19, be embraced in the town of Lansing. The boardthen adjourned to meet on the first day of July, 1851, at Edgarton'sHotel, in the town of Grand Chute.

On the first day of the July (1851) meeting, the followingmembers were present: George M. Robinson, Lorenzo E. Darling.L. A. Hine and George W. Lawe. The first proceedings was to ad-journ from Edgarton's Hotel to the plank road office at half pastone o'clock, at which time the following members were present:L. E. Darling, L. A. Hine, George W. Lawe, George M. Robinson,John R. Rynders, and Josephus Wakefield. The "furnishing com-mittee" reported in substance as follows: "That they had purchasedof Rood & Whittmore for the county one deed book, one mortgagebook, two alphabets and one index book, (the cost) amounting to$40.75; also of I. N. Lydan of Green Bay one ream of paper at (acost of ) $3 per ream. Time for receiving proposals for the countybuildings was extended to 10 o'clock July 2, 1851, and it was re-

solved that no proposal without satisfactory security would be re-ceived. Rood & Whittemore were allowed $30.75, though their bill

was previously stated to be $40.75. The petition of I. Macphersonand twenty-three others to set apart so much of the town of Kau-kauna as formerly belonged to Wrightstown and Lawrence in a seT;-arate town to be called Cast, was laid on the table.

On the second day of the July term the proposals for erectingthe county buildings were considered, whereupon it was resolved"That the board now proceed to view the several lots or parcels of

HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COULNTY 61

land that have been offered for the site of the county buildings. At

two o'clock p. m. the board came in from taking views."

A bounty of $5 for wolf scalps was offered; an effort to raise

the bounty to $10 was lost. The district attorney was directed io

examine the accounts of Earle L. Goodrich and John P. Arndt

against the county. Hine and Wakefield were appointed a commit-

tee to enter into agreement with the persons who should erect the

county buildings. John Jewett, Jr., was deputy clerk of the county

board.On the third day of the July term there were present Darling

Hine, Robinson, Rynders and Wakefield; an adjournment from 10

to 11 o'clock was taken, the same members being present. Mr Lawe s

excuse for absence, sent by special messenger was accepted. It was

"Resolved, That the electors of Outagamie county did at the elec-

tion on the first Tuesday of April last, A. D. 1851, establish the seat

of justice of Outagamie county in the town of Grand Chute, known

as the town organized for town purposes under the Revised Statutes,

Chapter K." All the bids for county buildings were declared out

of order. It was resolved to separate the courthouse from the jail,

register's office and clerk's office; the latter two were ordered made

fireproof. It was ordered that the courthouse should be completed

by the next annual meeting of the board. It was "Resolved, That

so much of Outagamie county as lies west of towns 23 and 24 north,

range 16 east shall be embraced in the town of Ellington; also so

much of the county west of town 22, range 16." New proposals for

land donations and county buildings were ordered received before

the next meeting of the county board, no bid to be considered unless

accompanied by satisfactory security. The board then adjourned to

July 14.At that time they again met at the "plank road office." Mr.

Hine reported having procured record books from Green Bay. The

board then adjourned to meet the same day at the office of A. S.

Sanborn in the village of Grand Chute. All members were then

present. Petitions to postpone the erection of county buildings and

to accept the proposal of Theodore Conkey were laid on the table.

It was resolved to open the proposals in relation to the county build-

ings at 9 o'clock on July 15. Donations of lands for the county

buildings were ordered received. A bounty of $10 for the scalp of

every wolf killed in Outagamie county was ordered paid upon oath

made to that effect before any justice of the peace who was ordered

to thereupon destroy said scalps; the affidavit was declared sufficient

to entitle the affiant to the bounty. On the 15th the resolution to

attach certain territory (see back) to Ellington was repealed. Plats

of the various towns of the county were ordered kept in the clerk's

office. The proposals for county buildings were then opened and'

read and the following action thereon was taken:

"Whereas, Theodore Conkey is desirous of deeding to! this

county Block No. 31 in the town of Grand Chute and to erect county

buildings on said block as this board shall direct; therefore


62 .HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY

"Resolved, That Block No. 31 or a part of said block and otherlands adjoining it on the east in the plat of the village of Appletonshall be the block on which to erect the county buildings, whichshall be accepted for county purposes, provided said Conkey erectthe county buildings as the county supervisors shall direct other-wise not." All the members voted in favor of this resolution-Darling, Hine, Lawe, Robinson, Rynders and Wakefield. On July16, A. S. Sanborn, district attorney,, drew up the articles of agree-ment between Theodore Conkey and A. A. Lawrence on the onepart and the county board on the other, and after a number ofchanges had been made therein both parties signed the agreement.

On November 11, 1851, the board met and organized at theoffice of H. S. Eggleston, there being present Darling, Robinson,Lawe, Wakefield, Hine and Rynders. The board adjourned toFrederick Packard's office. The chairmen of the several townboards of supervisors were required to report the aggregate amountof real and personal estate. At this session the board equalized as-sessments throughout the county. The sum of one. and one-halfmills was ordered levied for school purposes. Eight mills were or-dered levied for county expenses. The towns were Grand ChuteHortonia, Kaukauna, Greenville, Ellington and Lansing. The ag-gregate valuations of the taxables as corrected by the board were asfollows: Ellington, $35,623.32; Grand Chute, $108,165.02; Green-ville, $29,240.55; Hortonia, $31,917.74; Kaukauna, $81,761.73;Lansing, $65,539.58. J] Wakefield was paid $2 for canvassing thevotes of the county;'L. A. Hine, $4 for furnishing plats of the towns;A. S. Sanborn, $5 for preparing the Conkey & Lawrence agreement;H. S. Eggleston, $743.27 for transcribing the records concerningOutagamie county, on the Brown county books; W. J. Johnson, $5for certain plans and specifications; J. Jewett, Jr., $6 for preparingreport on schools for the state superintendent and number ofscholars to the county treasurer; J. Hersey, $3.46 for services as jus-tice of the peace; J. R. Rynders, $2 for services as county canvasser.The county officials were paid at this time. The "furnishing com-mittee" was directed to procure a safe for the register of deeds. Ad-journment to meet in December at the house of Thomas Hanna.

At the December (1851) session much unfinished business wasdone. William S. Bailey was paid for services as justice of the peace.H. C. Sillis was paid $10 for a grey wolf scalp. Robinson & Brotherwere paid for printing county orders. The clerk and chairman ofthe county board were authorized to sign and issue county ordersthat had been allowed by the board. The town of Medina was setapart from Hortonia, the separation to take effect in March, 1852;an election for town officers was ordered held in the schoolhouse ofDistrict 1. There was dissension as to the boundaries of the newtown. The annual town meeting for 1852 in Hortonia was orderedheld at the schoolhouse in District 2. The clerk of the county boardwas allowed a salary of $300 for 1852, to be paid quarterly. He waspaid $150 for his services in 1851. The board unanimously adopteda memorial praying the Legislature to pass a law making tax titles



good, or else to render all unoccupied lands and those owned by non-residents free from taxation. Orders amounting to $125 for aniron safe for the register's office were authorized to be issued.

At the February (1852) session George Pratt was paid $10 fora wolf scalp. At this date the resolutions creating the town of Me-dina and for the town meeting in Hortonia were repealed.

On February 23, 1852, it was resolved that so much of thecounty as lay west and north of Wolf river in town 22, range 15,should be embraced in the town of Hortonia. The following waspassed: "Resolved, That the Legislature be requested to pass noacts authorizing the laying of state roads in this county, which re-quire the county to pay for laying out the same." A. S. Sanbornwas paid $10 for rent of clerk's office for nine months. Smith &Ballard were paid $18 for rent of office for county treasurer for ninemonths in 1851. E. Rudd was allowed $6 for a county seal. Theclerk of the board was authorized to pay the county bounty on wolfscalps. R. A. Lawe and George M. Robinson were appointed agentson the part of Outagamie county to make full and final settlementwith Brown county; their acts thus far were ratified and confirmed.Benjamin Proctor was a justice.

"Whereas, The traffic in intoxicating liquors has in all agesof the world been a fruitful source of untold crime, misery and pau-perism; and,

"'Whereas, Until the recent glorious discovery made in the Stateof Maine, the benevolent and the' good were at a loss to know whatplan could be devised to put a stop to its dreadful and ruinous con-sequences, therefore

"Resolved, That the Board of Supervisors of the county of Outa-ga.mie do hereby request the Legislature to protect us from the evilsset forth in the above preamble, ere our prisons are filled with crimi-nals and our poorhouses with the wives and children of the drunk-ards, by enacting a law similar to the one now in operation in theState of Maine."

The above, offered by Mr. Darling, was unanimously adopted.On April 30, 1852, the new county board met at the house of

S. E. Beach, Appleton, and consisted of the following members:S. E. Beach, of Grand Chute; Isaac Wickware, of Greenville; MiloColes, of Ellington; Norman Nash, of Hortonia; Lewis A. Hine, ofLansing; Ethan Powers, of Lansing. Hine and Powers contestedfor the office, both claiming election. Mr. Beach was chosen chair-man of the board. The opinion of George H. Powers, district, attor-ney, was called for to determine what evidence was necessary andlegal to learn whether Hine or Powers was entitled to the seat.February 24, 1852, counsel appeared for Mr. Powers. The contestwas postponed and in the meantime both Hine and Powerswere permitted to sit with the board. Action concerning tax certifi-cates was taken by the board. Albright & Crosby were allowed $200for a safe for the register's office. Robinson & Brother were paidfor printing delinquent tax lists. A. . . Sanborn was 'paid $10.50for transporting the county safe from Green Bay to Grand Chute.


The county treasurer's fees were inquired into at this time. Theoffer of Hanna and Bateman to furnish room for county offices andcourtroom was accepted. Lewis A. Hine having charged the deputycounty treasurer with fraud in,the discharge of his duties the boardexpressed the opinion that there was no evidence before them tosubstantiate such charges. An investigation was ordered. LorenzoE. Darling was clerk and Alden S. Sanborn deputy at this time.At the November (1852) session the members present were: Beach,ANash, Wickware, Powers, N. M. Hephner and Henry BassonnettKaukauna. At this time the town of Freedom was set off from Lan-sing by the Legislature, but no provision was made for an electionin the latter to fill vacancies thus caused; the Legislature was re-quested to remedy this oversight. Robert Lovett was paid $28 forcourt seals. The register of deeds and the clerk of the board rentedoffices of P. H. Smith. The board solicited proposals for rooms forthe county offices at this time. Theodore Conkey was called beforethe board to state how near completion the county buildings were.The following passed:

"Resolved, That there be and is hereby appropriated out ofthe county treasury the sum of $5 and that a county order in thatamount be immediately drawn and the sheriff of the county be andis hereby instructed to negotiate said order for apples and segarsimmediately and forthwith present the said apples and segars to thisboard for further consideration."

The books and vouchers of the county treasurer were orderedinvestigated. The clerk of the board was paid for canvassing thevotes for county officers, April, 1852; for canvassing those for countyjudge, May, 1852; for canvassing those for judges of the SupremeCourt, October; '1852; and for a general canvass of the election ofNovember, 1852.

In 1852 the first pauper expenses were allowed by the board;the town of Kaukauna was allowed $40.14 on this account. Thecounty treasurer having withheld school moneys, was sued by thecounty and was reimbursed by the school districts affected. A. S.Sanborn was paid $200 per year for his services as district attorneyfor 1853 and 1854. George H. Myers was paid $75 salary as districtattorney for 1852. The clerk's salary was $150 a year. A countyorder registry was ordered kept by the treasurer.

In November, 1852, the county towns were Grand Chute, Kau-kauna, Ellington, Greenville, Hortonia, Freedom and Lansing. Theboard passed this resolution: "That the board at the present ses-sion deem it inexpedient to enforce the contract for the completionof the county buildings; but if they are not completed by the 30thday of December next, then the board will adopt such measures asthe interests of the county may require." The board adjourned tomeet on that day-December 30.

The aggregate value of taxable property in the county, Novem-ber, 1852, was as follows: Grand Chute, $102,869.25; Ellington,$26,515; Kaukauna, $96,960; Greenville, $24,151; Hortonia, $31,-



,,a a> E. .. .e.................... ..ges>.a~ls

g~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. .........E

gS g b l ~~~~~~~~~~~ |0 ......

S l q l l _ K R s x~~~~~~~~~~~~~.......

Es ! as~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. .......... ........

------ - ........... I........

>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..... ...........

| ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ..... ........... ..........-............. ...... ....... ................. .......... ....................... . ........ ....................... ........ .........

-: :x X- -.: 4f l i l k..x................

| 0 E~~~~~~~k e k , > t s x ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ...... .........ffi~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..... ............

|X:..s~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ..x ...... ..sasX2~Sgge a ~saSaXxaXxxxasaga

{| ss .s. ...gg...g.. g 2 a ggg .................. s : > s s s gs x g s asS


664; Freedom, $29,254; Lansing, $22,828. There were three taxes-State, county and school.

In December, 1852, all of the county north and west of Wolfriver was organized with a separate township and the first townmeeting was ordered held at the house of Washington Law in April,1853; the new town was named Embarrass. Grand Chute, Apple-ton, Lawesburg, Hortonville and Nepomuc villages were laid out be-fore Outagamie county was organized. The board at this time con-ditionally released Conkey and Lawrence from their contract to buildthe courthouse: The latter two claimed they had already expended$800 and asked for relief from their contract. The conditions ofrelief were as follows: "That if the said Lawrence shall execute tothe said county a deed of the lands contracted to be executed on hispart in said contract and if the said Conkey will give good and suffi-cient security to deed to said county Lots 1, 2, 3 and 4, in Block 31,town of Grand Chute, then this board will release said Lawrence andConkey from said contract dated July 16, 1851." An appropriationof $500 was made with which to complete the courthouse. Con-key's bond was fixed at $1,000. Lawrence conveyed the above men-tioned land to the county. The board then released them fromtheir former contract. The following offered by Mr. Nash wasadopted:

"Resolved, That H. S. Eggleston, clerk courts; A. B. Everts,sheriff; J. S. Buck, register of deeds; P. H. Smith, deputy treasurer;A. S. Sanborn, deputy clerk; and S. E. Beach, chairman of thisboard, do each and severally invite one member of this board to aNew Year's dinner and each of the said county officers and the saidchairman is hereby commanded to have a good roast turkey for din-ner." Propositions or bids to finish the courthouse were called for,but this act was rescinded and a committee was appointed to negotiatewith some responsible party to finish the building; Beach, Powersand Wickwa.re were the committee.

The act of February 18, 1852, was as follows: "That thecounty seat of Outagamie county be and the same is hereby perma-nently located upon lands conveyed to the county for the purposeof erecting county buildings thereon and upon which lands saidbuildings are now being erected by'order of the board of supervisorsof said county."

The act of March 4, 1852, defined the boundaries of Outagamiecounty as follows: Beginning at the southwest corner of township21 north, range 15 east, of the Fourth principal meridian; runningthence north on the range line between ranges 14 and 15 to thenorthwest corner of township 24 north, range 15 east; thence easton the line between townships 24 and 25 north, to the northeast cor-ner of section 4, township 24 north, range 19 east; thence south onthe section lines to the southeast corner of section 33, township 21north, range 19 east; thence west on the township lines between town-ships 20 and 21 north to the place of beginning.

The act of March 15, 1852, provided that after June 1, 1852,Outagamie county should be fully organized for judicial purposes



and in October of that year the first term of circuit court was orderedheld by the judge of the Fourth circuit, and thereafter two terms inApril and October were to be held each year. In April, 1852, asheriff, clerk of the court and district attorney were ordered elected.

"Kaukauna and Appleton Plank Road.-We are happy tostate that nearly the entire stock has been taken in the above impor-tant road and that it is now a settled fact that it will be completedbetween the 1st and 20th of June. The officers of the company andmany of our citizens are entitled to great credit for their labors tofill the stock during the past week."-(Green Bay Spectator, April24, 1852).

The commissioner of the general land office reserved from salethe even sections along Fox river for the improvement fund. Theywere offered at public sale, but were withdrawn from market on theday of sale. But settlers entered thereon and continued to do soand in the end were entitled to the usual preemption rights. Therewas much complaint over the long lapse of time before they werepermitted to prove up and receive their patents. The settlers wantedCongress to handle the sale, because they thus would have to payonly $1.25 per acre, while under the state it would cost them $2.50per acre.

On February 17, 1853, the recent proceedings of the countyboard were ordered published in the Appleton Crescent and $40 wasappropriated to cover the cost. The courthouse committee reportedthat in as much as the sum requiired to complete the courthouse wasso much larger than expected and as no provision for such a largesum had been made, they were unable to carry out the order of theboard. G. H. Marston was employed to paint the building. A reso-lution to recognize Robert Morrow and not Charles A. Grignon astreasurer was laid on the table; but the board authorized town treas-urers to pay taxes to Mr. Morrow. This step caused Mr. Grignon tocommence action against the town treasurers, whereupon the board

"Resolved, That Charles A. Grignon is hereby requested to dis-continue all proceedings that may have been instituted against thesaid town treasurers in consequence of making their returns to saidMorrow; and said Grignon is also hereby requested to endorse thebonds of said town treasurers as satisfied." If he would comply, theboard agreed to hold him blameless; also the sheriff. About thistime there appeared in the Crescent an anonymous article cautioningall persons against paying taxes to Robert Morrow; whereupon theboard issued a statement to the effect that in their opinion RobertMorrow was the lawful county treasurer and the Crescent was askedto publish this statement, for which the board agreed to pay charges.

S. E. Beach was allowed $3 for medical attendance upon acounty pauper, February, 1853.

In February, 1853, the treasurer's fees to the amount of $656.88were referred to a special committee-Beach, P.owers and BassonnettThe board passed the following. "Resolved, That in the opinion ofthis board the. condition of the official bond of Charles A. Grignon,late treasurer of the county of Outagamie, is forfeited and the dis-


trict attorney is hereby requested to commence suit thereon as soonas he shall deem practicable." The board occupied a room ownedby B. McFaul at this time. "Resolved, That Robert Morrow, act-ing treasurer of Outagamie county, is entitled to the county treas-urer's sign and is hereby authorized to reduce the same to his im-mediate possession." S. E. Beach and two assistants were appointedto investigate the accounts of Mr. Grignon, county treasurer, in lieuof the former committee.

In 1853 the new county board was as follows: H. L. Blood ofGrand Chute; N. M. Hephner, Lansing; C. Hartman, Freedom;L. E. Darling, Greenville; W. W. Benedict, Hortonia; Milo Cole,Ellington; B. H. Beaulieu, Kaukauna; Mr. Blood became chairman.All of Outagamie county in town 24, ranges 18 and 19, except theOneida reservation was annexed to. the town of Freedom. The totalequalized assessments of the county in 1853 was $301,710.04. Thenames of three streets in Lawesburg (near Appleton) were changed-Division to Union, Spain to Washington and Menasha to Frank-lin. W. W. Benedict and others petitioned for a new town to beset off from Hortonia-referred to a special committee. H. S. Eg-gleston was clerk of the Circuit court. George W. Gregory was clerkof the county board. The committee on the new town to be calledBovina and to be set off from Ellington was appointed. At this time,also, the town of Dale was ordered set off from Hortonia. At thisdate a new committee on courthouse was chosen; they were em-powered to see about the county jail also; the committee were: Coles,Hartman and Benedict. The bounty on wolves was fixed at $5 inNovember, 1853.. A committee of three-Blood, Darling and Heph-ner-was appointed to count up the assets with a view to the earlycompletion of the courthouse and jail. Conkey deeded the propertyagreed upon to the county for courthouse, etc., and was releasedfrom this bond. Mr. Grignon not having turned over the countytreasurer's books, etc., the board resolved as follows: "That RobertMorrow, the treasurer of Outagamie county, be and is hereby di-rected forthwith to make a demand of the said Grignon to deliverto said Morrow all and singular the books, records, papers, fundsand property belonging to the office of treasurer of said county inthe possession of said Grignon, and in case the said Grignon shallrefuse to deliver to said Morrow upon such demand the said books,records, etc., then the said Morrow is hereby enjoined and directedwith the advice of good and sufficient counsel to commence sum-mary proceedings forthwith for the recovery of the same before somecourt having jurisdiction in the premises."

The committee.on courthouse having recommended raising thatstructure and building a jail in the basement, the board refused toconcur. "Resolved, That so much of the report of the committee onpublic buildings as casts aspersions upon the action of the board ofsupervisors of this county, who located the county buildings andentered into contract for. the building and completion of the same,be stricken out." Darling and Benedict voted for this resolutionand Blood, Beaulieu, Hartman, Coles and Hephner against it.


However, the following language was ordered stricken from the re-port of the building committee by a vote of 5 to 2: "Whether thisaction on the one part was consummated by a mistaken devotion tothe public good, or the influence of selfish and designing men onthe other part, is not a matter for your committee to determine."The report as amended was then adopted by the vote of 5 to 2, thelatter two being Blood and Coles. A tax of 10 mills on the dollarfor county purposes was levied in 1854. Blood, Hephner and Darl-ing were' instructed to have the courthouse and jail completed at theearliest practicable moment; orders were authorized to be issued tocover the cost. The case of Grignon vs. Morrow to test the right tothe office of county treasurer was pending in the circuit court. Theboard thereupon determined to make settlement with Morrow. In1853 the total receipts in the county treasury were $8,738.72, andthe total expenses $8,588.72, balance on hand $150; other funds inthe hands of the treasurer amounted to $2,832.20.

Blood, Beaulieu and Coles were appointed a committee to makefinal settlement with Brown county. Costs in cases from Shawanocounty amounted to $264.

"Resolved, That. in the opinion of the board of supervisors theorganization of agricultural societies in this country, has proved emi-nently beneficial to the agricultural and manufacturing interests andhas a direct tendency to stimulate to increased action all departmentsof industry; and we therefore recommend. that the citizens of theseveral towns in this county meet at the National Hotel in the vil-lage of Appleton, on the second day of January next for the purposeof organizing a county agricultural society; and Resolved, ThatHenry S. Blood, Robert R. Bateman and Rolla A. Lawe be and arehereby appointed a committee to make arrangements for said meet-ing and to draft such articles as may be necessary for the orgalniza-tion of said society."-(Adopted November 26, 1853).

The plan for a county jail submitted to the board by Mr. Bene-dict was adopted in November, 1853. Alden S. Sanborn was paid$35 for office for clerk for the year 1853, and for the board duringthe November session. Charles A. Grignon, claiming to be countytreasurer, presented his bond as such official, but the board refusedto consider it. Prof. E. Cooke was paid $15 for services as chemistin analyzing the contents of the stomach of the wife of Fred Schoef-fler, supposed to have been poisoned by arsenic. S. Ryan, Jr., hadcharge of the Crescent at this time. Mr. Benedict represented thetown of Dale on the county board.

"Appleton and Grand Chute.-The citizens of these thriving vil-lages appear to appreciate fully the advantages of Plank Roads.And although young in years they have, in the kind of improve-ments, already outstripped this as well as most other places in thenorth. They have built a plank road to Grand Kaukaunal some ninetniles and one to intersect the Menasha and Kaukauna road and arenow at work building one westward to Wolf river some twenty mileswhich is to be continued to Michiljohn's mill, Waupaca Falls, PloverPortage and Stevens Point. $50,000 of stock has. been taken and


$15,000 of the bonds of the other road negotiated which places theenterprise in a p6sition for immediate construction. A large quan-tity of plank and logs have been got out for it during the winter andworkmen are busy and expect by next fall to reach Wolf river withit. Persons will not wonder at the extraordinary success of roadbuilding at Appleton when informed that Rev. Reeder Smith is themain operator."-(Fond du Lac Jourrnal, March, 1853).

Early in 1853 there was subscribed $50,000 toward the proposedplank road from Appleton to Stevens Point.

"Outagamie or Utagamie?--Which is correct? We do not pro-fess to be well versed in Indian orthography, but from what we doknow of it, we are persuaded that Utagamie is the correct mode ofspelling the name of our county. At any rate, that is the pronunci-ation."-(Crescent, March 26, 1853.)

"It is believed that $75,000 logs (equal to 25,000,000 feet oflumber) were cut upon the Wolf and Embarrass rivers during thepast winter. Wolf river is fairly choked up with rafts on their wayto Oshkosh, Fond du Lac, etc."-(Crescent, April 30, 1853.)

"Farmers, is it not high time for Outagamie to have a countyagricultural society? Why should we not have a stock fair in thespring or winter?"--(Crescent, November 19, 1853.)

The Agricultural Society gave great encouragement to agricul-ture, horticulture and stock raising early in the '50s. The news-papers took up the matter and had departments devoted to thosesubjects. Improved stock was particularly demanded by the societyand by the press, and in response the farmers throughout the countybegan to improve their herds of cattle, hogs, horses and sheep. Im-proved fruit raising was also an important subject. Grain receiveddue consideration. The culture of cranberries was urged upon citi-zens owing to the numerous marshes where they grew wild. As awhole, the society greatly advanced the conditions of the farmerand horticulturist.

Late in 1853 the court affirmed that Charles A. Grignon wasthe legal treasurer of Outagamie county. Mr. Morrow took an ap.peal from this decision, returnable at the coming June session. Therebeing two men who claimed to be county treasurer it was un-certain to whom town treasurers and other officials should make theirreports.

Albert Cook of the town of Freedom raised ten acres of wheatin 1853 which averaged 33 bushels per acre. This was a little betterthan the county average, but the crop generally was excellent thatseason.

"Caution-It is said that Robert Morrow is pretending to actas treasurer of Outagamie county and to receive money in that capac-ity; therefore this is to caution all persons against making any pay-ments to said Morrow. Further information will be given at thecounty treasurer's office, corner of College avenue and Garrisonstreets, up stairs.-Charles A. Grignon, county treasurer, February17, 1853."-(Crescent, June 18, 1853).



"The town of New London was subject to entry a few weekssince, but now the land is entered, a town laid out and lots are be-ing built upon. A wharf and a warehouse has been constructedand a store established. A steamboat from Fond du Lac and Osh-kosh visits this point daily. This must be a point at which a me-chanic, merchant or public house keeper could invest without risk.It offers the best kind of an opening for a tanner and currier; alsofor a foundry."-(Cor. Crescent, July 16, 1853).

In early years the maple sugar industry of northern Wiscon-sin was not only large, but often very valuable. It was hard labor,but it paid in those days when sugar cost so much. Quite oftenfrom 25 to 100 pounds of sugar were made in a single day in thiscounty by some of the early settlers. In Grand Chute alone overfive tons were made during the season of 1853. Not everybody knewhow to make maple sugar properly. Those who understood themethods produced an excellent article which found ready sale in allthe stores.

The legislature in 1853-4 passed an act authorizing the boardsof supervisors of the towns of Grand Chute, Greenville, Hortoniaand other towns in adjacent counties to subscribe in behalf of saidtowns to the capital stock of the Wolf river branch of the Winne-bago Lake and Fox River Plank Road Company, such amounts notto exceed $10,000 for any one town, and to pay for the same inbonds of such towns, the bonds to be payable in fifteen years, withinterest not exceeding 10 per cent. In response to this act, GrandChute by a vote of 141 to 97 voted for the bonds. In due time thetown supervisors ascertained that the road was incumbered withheavy liabilities and until freed therefrom would jeopardize the is-sue of bonds ordered. This fact becoming known, caused the townboard to pass resolutions calling for information as to such liabili-ties.

In March, 1853, the Fort Howard and Kaukauna Plank Roadwas authorized. It was surveyed and was to cross Apple creek alittle below La Vine's residence; a little grading was to be at Dutch-man's, Ashwaubane and Apple creek; it was to be nearly a straightroad from Depere to Kaukauna. It was a part of the standard roadfrom Green Bay to Lake Winnebago.

At the annual session of the county board commencing No-vember 14, 1854, there were present Theodore Conkey, Grand Chute;B. H. Beaulieu, Kaukauna; M. W. Allen, Hortonia; Isaac Wick-ware, Greenville; C. Hartman, Freedom; Milo Coles, Bovina; N. M.Hephner, Centre; Edward Spicer, Dale; , Ellington; J. Mer-rickle, Embarrass. Isaac Wickware was chosen chairman. Theboard was in session in the courthouse, but adjourned to the Na-tional Hotel for reasons not shown. Diagrams of several of thetowns were ordered procured from the land office at Menasha. Theassessment of the plank road in the town of Kaukauna was orderedabrogated for 1854. Ryan & Co., were paid $271.62 for printing.At this time the..case of Grignon vs. Morrow was in the SupremeCourt. The petition of N. M. Hephner and others to change the


'HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 71

name of the town of Lansing to Center was referred to a committeeof two. The board relinquished any claim for damages it mighthave in consequence of there having been laid out, by the trusteesof the village of Appleton, streets and alleys through the lands set

apart for county purposes-Lawrence and Elm streets. The boarddirected both Grignon and Morrow to report the county funds intheir hands. The salary of district attorney for 1855 and 1856 wasfixed at $300 per annum; the clerk's salary was set at $100 per year.James Gilmore took Mr. Conkey's place on the board, November 17.

Both Grignon and Morrow made reports as requested by thecounty board. Part of the village plat of Little Chute was vacated.Settlement with Brown county was not yet effected. Shawanocounty had not yet paid the court expenses due this county. Thedecision of the Supreme Court in the county treasury case was readto the board by Frederick Packard, Esq. The Supreme Court decidedthat the officers elected in November, 1851, were legally elected fortwo years. County officers were notified on November 21, that officesin the new courthouse were ready for them. Increase in travel andcustom at the National Hotel forced the board to occupy a room op-posite the National-usually known as the "feed store."

At this time Mr. Conkey took Mr. Gilmore's place on the

county board, representing Grand Chute. "November 23, 1854;members all present; committees were busy at their respective duties;when motion was made to adjourn till 3 o'clock to attend service andhear the Thanksgiving sermon by Rev. N. E. Cobleigh, and themotion carried." The new county buildings were placed in charge

of Theodore Conkey, member of the board, with orders to completethe same and furnish them for occupancy. A complete set of stand-ard weights and measures were ordered. The bond of Charles A.

Grignon, county treasurer, dating from November 25, 1853, wasapproved by the board.

During the November session (1854) Allen street in Apple-

ton was changed to Prospect. A portion of the village of LittleChute was vacated. A change was made in the boundary of Bovina,town. The town of Lansing was changed to Center.

There were many people in Outagamie county in 1854 whobitterly opposed the last grant of land in this district to private en-

terprises. The lands were reserved from sale to await the action of

Congress upon a bill which proposed to donate them to various rail-roads. This reservation was highly disapproved by nearly all thecitizens of this county. The Crescent used bitter language in de-nouncing the act as "the last great land grab," and called it the"land grant swindle."

In April, the Crescent declared that the recent town meetingshad chosen township officers superior to any that had ever beenelected before. This guaranteed an excellent and able board ofcounty supervisors and meant improvement in county affairs inevery department. In Grand Chute, J. S. Buck was chairman of thesupervisors. In Greenville, Isaac Wickware, democrat, was electedover L. E. Darling, free-soiler, by a majority of 24 votes. In Hor-





tonville, M. W. Allen, a free-soil whig, was elected chairman withoutopposition, succeeding Mr. Benedict, democrat. In Dale, E. Spicer,democrat, was chosen chairman without opposition. In Ellington,H. Kethroe, democrat, was elected chairman over S. D. Mason, whig.Kethroe succeeded Milo Coles, democrat. In Centre, N. M. Heph-ner, democrat, was) re-elected without opposition. In Freedom,Christian Hartman, democrat, was re-elected. In Kaukauna, B. H.Beaulieu, a national whig, was re-elected by a majority of 4 overMr. O'Connor, democrat. The indications were that the new boardwould stand 8 democrats, 1 free-soil whig and one regular whig. In1853 the political completion of the board was 5 democrats', 1 free-soiler and 1 whig.

The W'olf river branch plank road was designed to extend fromAppleton to Stevens Point, a distance of about 70 miles, and an ex-tension thereto was projected to Green Bay. It was announced thatstages would be ready to run regularly over this route by the latterpart of June. The points touched by the stages were announced tobe Appleton, Hortonia, New London and other places toward Ste-vens Point.

It was announced late in May, 1854, that there were in thisland district 69 towns, which were reserved from sale agreeably tothe request of the Michigan delegation in 'Congress. A considerablepart of this land lay in Outagamie county.

By the first of June the grain crop throughout the county lookedbetter than ever before. Winter wheat particularly was excellentand promised a very large yield. Spring wheat was also fine. Asprices were high the farmers were happy over the outcome.

Late in May the citizens were called upon to vote on the propo-sition of taking stock in the Appleton and Stevens Point plank roadby the issuance of town bonds therefor. The citizens were prettyequally divided on this question. Many who wanted the plankroad favored the bonds; others who saw no private benefit or fore-saw trouble opposed the issuance.

By the middle of May the maple sugar season ended. It wasthought to be the poorest year for that industry the county had hadin five seasons. However, more than one sugar bush in Grand Chutemade from 300 to 500 pounds. It was realized that the falling off inthe supply was due to the destruction of the maple trees and to thefact that the farmers were busy in their fields and could not findtime to attend to the sap.

The act of March 1, 1854, legalized the election of Appletonvillage officers in April, 1853. The organization and acts of theoriginal school district No. 6, Grand Chute, were legalized and thename changed to District No. 6. The act of March 29. 1854, pro-vided that the county officers should have the right to hold theiroffices in such buildings in the village of Appleton as the board ofsupervisors should agree upon, but that said offices should be furn-ished free of charge to the county.

At a town meeting in Grand Chute the sum of $200 was appro-priated in June, 1854, toward the opening of a road from the court-


house toward Greenville and Bald Prairie. The work of causewayingthe cedar swamp and grubbing a. large portion of the road was let toMat. Long. The people of Greenville agreed to construct the roadthrough their town to the cedar swamp. The Appleton council alsoordered a new street opened from Lawrence street to the courthousesquare. All town officers throughout the county were busily en-gaged at this time in opening roads in every direction to meet thewants of the new settlers.

This spring the legislature passed a law authorizing the statetreasurer to withold the state school money from all counties in ar-rears to the state. Much complaint was occasioned thereby. Outa-gamie county was in arrears and the Crescent and the citizens gener-ally complained grievously concerning the act of the legislature.The result, however, was to compel the county to pay her dues to thestate in order to secure money for the support of her schools. Itwas really a wise measure, though not relished at the time by thecitizens.

According to N. M. Hephner, the winter wheat raised in thetown of Centre in 1853 ranged from 35 to 42 bushels of plump seedper acre on new land; on rough stubble land where the trees had beencut off the yield was about 20 bushels per acre. There were largetracts of land yet in the county to be purchased at $1.75 to $2.50per acre. Settlers were called for and were not slow in coming. Thecounty was filling up rapidly with an excellent class of settlers, notonly from the East, but from the German provinces in Europe.

"Town Assessments.-We suggest to the different town assessorsin this county that they meet on some future day at the county-seatand compare and equalize their assessments. Last year great in-equalities existed; for instance improved lands in the town of Green-ville (richest soil in the county) were assessed at $1.50 to $2 per acre,only 25 or 50 cents higher than the wild lands in the town of Free-dom. Now, we know that the Greenville land owners do not takeless than from $6 to $10 per acre in yellow gold for their farms andwe also know that wild. land of an excellent quality can be bought inFreedom at from $1.50 to $2.50 per acre. These remarks extend toother towns. Look at the inequality and injustice of the same.Should not a remedy be provided at once?"-(Crescent, June 10,1854).

"The First Load of 'Cheese.-We saw in town last Saturday afine load of cheese from the farm of Mr.'Barnes near this village. Mr.Barnes is from Ohio and the product of his dairy bore the superiormark of the rich cheese of which large quantities are imported fromthat state. Mr. Barnes has already manufactured over 1,000 poundsthis season which readily sell at 10 cents a pound. He has a farm of100 acres under cultivation and a fine stock of cattle, and we wishhim every success as a pioneer dairyman of our county."-Crescent,June 10, 1854).

'According to the census of June, 1850, the population of thecounty of Outaga,mie (then a part of Brown county) was as follows:White males 1,079; white females 797; colored males 6; colored

74 IHISTORIY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY

females 4; total 1,886. Taking the average of the vote cast at therecent town elections and allowing one voter to every seven souls, wehave a population of 6,139. The increase, counting everything,amounts to about 100 per cent per annum in four successive years.and the greatest part of this increase has occurred during the lasteighteen months. The present rate of arrivals will crowd hard upon10,000 a year. The backwoods are fairly alive with newcomers andthis village is receiving daily accessions to its population and ourvillage population today, we do honestly believe, is greater than thenumber in the whole county four years ago."-(Crescent, June,1854).

About the middle of June, 1854, a large meeting of the citizensconvened at the central schoolhouse to make arrangements for thecelebration of the 4th of July. Dr. S. E. Beach was chosen chairmanand Franklin Proctor, secretary. Remarks were made by H. L.Blood, Samuel Ryan, Jr., G. H. Marston and others and it was unani-mously resolved to celebrate that day. President Cooke was invitedto deliver the principal oration. M. A. Mosher, A. B. Everts, andG. H. Marston were the committee of arrangement. The sum of$75 was raised to procure fireworks. Mark A. Mosher was chosento prepare toasts; Julius S. Buck was elected marshal of the day; theAppleton Saxhorn Band was invited, to furnish the music; con-nected with the band were Johnston, Huntley and Randall. JosephMcNeil agreed to prepare the public dinner. Among those who tookpart in this proceeding, in addition to those mentioned above, wereEdward H. Stone, Moses W. Allen, William D. Jordan, Stephen D.Mason, William Youngs, L. S. Augur, N. M. Hephner, A. C. Blackand Edward West. Another committee of arrangement was as follows:W. S. Warner, John Moodie, J. W. Letcher, Henry L. Blood, JosephMcNeil, H. C. Sherwin, M. D. McGrath, N. Richmond, G. H. Mars-ton, D. C. W'eston, Wait Cross, Robert Briggs and Thomas Marsden.

The Howard and Kaukauna plank road was projected to bringAppleton and Kaukauna in connection with Howard. It traversedan important section of country which was being rapidly settled.The plan was to bring the trade of a large section of back countryto the Fox river.

In 1854 two men who claimed to be county clerks officiated assuch. The Crescent said, "Ours is a double-barreled county. Wehave two gentlemen acting as clerks. Both together ought to be ableto satisfy the inquisitive. A correspondent asks why the receipts andexpenditures of the county are not published."-(Crescent; August19, 1854).

"Ladd & Letcher and Tibbits & Johnson after several weeks ofhard work succeeded in getting their rafts of lumber safely mooredat Grand Chute. While on Lake Winnebago they were towed by theSwan and were broken up and the logs scattered and piled upon thebeach. They had great difficulty at Neenah in getting through theincomplete lock. They were also detained at Butte Des Mortes.This is a roundabout way of bringing logs from the Wolf river, butit is the only way they can be brought by water until a canal is dug




from the Wolf to the Fox terminating at Appleton."- (Crescent,August 19, 1854).

In August, 1854, the complaint of Charles A. Grignon againstRobert Morrow for withholding the books and papers belonging tothe office of county treasurer after the decision of the supreme courtwas heard before Judge Johnson. After a full investigation of thecase and after hearing the arguments of counsel the judge orderedissued a warrant for the commitment of Morrow and a search war-rant for the county books and papers. Morrow in the meantimedecamped and left the county. The sheriff reported himself unableto find any of the books and papers and accordingly pursued Mr.Morrow who left the county. About the last of August, 1854, winterwheat was worth here $1.10 to $1.15; spring wheat 85c to $1; oats30 to 33c; potatoes 38 to 44c; eggs 15c; butter 12 and 15c; beef 7 to1Oc; superfine flour $6.25 to $6.50 per barrel; spring wheat flour $6.

The case over the county treasurership was decided by thesupreme court in August. Charles A. Grignon, the supreme courtannounced, was entitled to the office for the years 1852-3. TheCrescent said: "The county having enjoyed for so long a time theluxury of two county treasurers will, we suppose, now be contentto foot the bill and try hereafter to get along with one set of officers-a measure of economy which the present state of finances will fullyjustify."

"Squirrels, etc.--The woods in this vicinity are fairly alive withblack squirrels and the boys are having rare sport hunting them.Raccoons are also more abundant and accordingly are more mis-chievous than at any time in the memory of the white man. Coonhunts-night parties-are not infrequent."-( Crescent, September,1854.)

"And Still Another Bear.-On Saturday evening our friend,Warren Warner, brought us a luscious bear steak for, our Sundaydinner. It was part of a fine black bear killed by him on the schoolsection. It seems as if bears were more plentiful in our county thanthey have been for years."-(Crescent, September, 1854.)

From time to time the Crescent noticed the large vegetables thatwere grown in this county. The soil was alluvial and very rich, andcarrots, potatoes, squashes, cabbages, etc., were raised in large quan-tities and of the largest sizes. Many parts of the county were asrich as a garden. Particularly was it noted that throughout thecounty, whether on old wood-land or prairie land, the growing ofwheat was extremely successful. The principal wheats grown atthat time were Black Sea and Canada grub. Winter wheat was astandard crop. It was noted by the Crescent that corn planted onJuly 4 was perfectly ripe and ready for the mill on September 5. Thecorn crop was heavy throughout the country.

In the spring of 1854, R. A. Lawe was secretary of the CountyAgricultural Society. An adjourned meeting was held in the court-room in Appleton to prepare an exhibit for the comiing fall. Theexecutive committee of the society consisted of William Johnston,R. A. Lawe, Edward West, Milo Coles, John H. Barnes, Peter Heph-



ner, Josephus Wakefield and Ethan Powers. Samuel Dunn waspresident of the society.

It was announced early in March that the "wooden rookery,"otherwise known as jail, authorized by the county board, would beready for service about the middle of April. Previous to this dateit was necessary to keep prisoners in the jail a.t Depere where severalinsane persons from this county were confined.

During the summer and early fall this county suffered severelyfrom a drought, many wells in Appleton and vicinity entirely dryingup. It was followed by one good result, namely: the digging ofbetter and deeper wells. It had not yet been ascertained that ar-tesian water might be obtained here by digging to a suitable depth.County orders in July, 1854, were 25 per cent discount.

In the early fall of 1854 the Grand Chute town supervisorsafter a thorough investigation rescinded all action previously takenby them in reference to the issue of town bonds to aid the Wolf Riverplank road.

"The Hunt.-A party of thirty of our citizens had a back-woods hunt on Saturday last. In all they killed about 1,000 blackand gray squirrels, pigeons, quails, partridges, ducks, etc. Only onedeer was killed and the bear could not be found. In the eveningthey partook of a splendid supper at the Crescent Hotel. They talkof another hunt soon."-(ICrescent, September, 1854.) "Deer Kill-ing.-During the stay of the light fall of snow last week some of ourtown men were very successful killing deer within one or two milesof town. Venison has been very plentiful for the last few days andnever fatter or better in quality."-(Crescent, November 18, 1854.)In September two men killed eight bears in one day near WolfRiver in Outagamie county. The abundance of acorns presumablytook the bears to that locality.

"The county board gave notice of adjournment today after asession of twelve days. Some wise measures were adopted. Unlikethe basswood board which sat at 1853, the present board voted asufficient amount of county tax to pay off all the debts left by theheavy expenses growing out of the murder trials, and the currentexpenses of county government for the ensuing year, and a roundthousand dollars beside. Although the raising of $6,500 countytax is an extraordinary amount for so young a county as ours, weare frank to say that we think the supervisors acted wisely in votingthe tax because it will pay up everything we owe and leave a surplusso that the county orders must go up to 90c as soon as the first ofJanuary instead of 70c the current price of yesterday. Theodore'Conkey, supervisor from this town, was appointed to take charge ofthe public buildings and cause them to be completed; also to furnishcounty officers all necessary supplies. Next year in all probabilitya county tax of $3,000 will be amply sufficient. Isaac Wickware ofGreenville is the chairman of the county board."-(Crescent, No-vember 25, 1854.) It was suggested that the county board shouldmake the necessary appropriation and purchase land for a county

HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNATY 77

poor-farm. Such farm should be located in Ellington, Center orFreedom, it was said.

"Thanks.-To Mr. W. W. Crane for a venison steak, part of afine buck killed by him a short distance from this village."--(Cres-cent, November 11, 1854.)

At the February (1855) session there were present Isaac Wick-ware, Greenville; Edward Spicer, Dale; Theodore Conkey, GrandChute; B. H. Beaulieu, Kaukauna; C. Hartman, Freedom; N. M.Hephner, Center; Henry Kethroe, Ellington; Mr. Allen, Hortonia;Mr. Coles, Bovina; Mr. Given, Embarrass. S. R. Sherwin contractedto complete the courthouse, and was paid $529 for that work. Thesame bounty allowed for killing wolves was also allowed for killingbears to all persons, exclusive of Indians. The sheriff was allowedexpenses of keeping prisoners. The report of Mr. Grignon, treasurer,showed many duplicate orders, but nevertheless was rejected by theboard. Mr. Morrow admitted the existence of duplicate tax cer-tificates, and upon his promise to make good concluded to take noaction. At this time there was outstanding in county orders andjury certificates, $6,448.01. A portion of Freedom was separated andattached to Kaukauna.

At a special meeting in August, 1855, there were present Con-key, Eggleston, Bateman, Hephner, Childs, Palmer, Johnson, Mason,Beaulieu, Mr. Conkey was chosen chairman. It was resolved thatafter this date no bear bounty would be paid. This motion wasreconsidered and laid on the table.

At the November (1855) session there were present Conkey,Allen, Palmer, Hubbard, Mason, Johnson, Childs, Hephner, Beau-lieu, Merichle, Bateman, Eggleston and Lawe, the last three repre-senting the three wards of Appleton. The board took steps to clearand fence the courthouse square. For almost the first time the boardadopted the rule to refer all claims first to the appropriate committee."Your committee on bears would very respectfully report that theresolution granting a bounty on those harmless animals called bearsshould, be repealed.-Robert R. Bateman, James Merichle, N. M.Hephner, adopted." A portion of Embarrass town was attached toEllington; also a part of Bovina was attached to EmTbarrass. Anadditional safe for the county records was demanded. L. B. Noyeswas district attorney in November, 1855; the board disapproved ofhis retention of fees in certain cases. A special committee recolm-mended the construction of a fence twelve feet high and seventy feetsquare of two-inch plank around the jail; cost about $200. Theboard at this time decided against raising a county tax for theimprovement of county roads. The sum of $200 was appropriatedfor clearing and fencing the courthouse grounds. Mr. Noyes, districtattorney, rendered the opinion that the county was responsible forthe care of a "dangerous lunatic confined in jail" here. The boarddecided that under the constitution they could not increase nordecrease the salaries of officers.

In November, 1855, the board appointed Mr. Lawe to makearrangements with the trustees of the Baptist Chur'ch for the use



of the courtroom for divine service for one year, the rent not toexceed the cost of keeping the room in order. A special committeemade a long and complicated report on the condition of the countytreasurer's office and accounts; the actual state of county financeswas in doubt. The reports of the two treasurers Morrow and Grig-non conflicted; and no doubt ill will and private gain cut a figurein the adjustment. Mr. Grignon's report made the followingshowing:

Report Debtor. Creditor.1853 .................. $3,576.62 $3,576.621854 .................. 7,152.23 7,152.231855 .................. 29,981.49 29,981.49

The committee recommended that $1,292.45 be deducted fromthe above credits and $1,211.09 be added to the above debits, leavingto the county a credit of $2,503.54. There were on hand countyorders to the amount of $7,709.18 and tax certificates $2,530.92;making in all due the county from the treasurer $12,743.64. Mr.Morrow was behind in his accounts as treasurer and suit againsthim was commenced by Mr. Grignon. The board criticised thereports and finally passed the following resolution: "That the sumof $12,743.64 be charged to said treasurer on the date of his lastreport, to wit: November 15, 1855, in addition to the interest onsaid tax certificates of 1853 and 1854 received from Mr. Morrow ashereinbefore mentioned."

The board appropriated $1,200 for fireproof buildings for thecounty records. There was ordered levied for 1856 six mills forcounty purposes; two and a half mills for schools, and ten and one-sixth mills for State. The tax was apportioned as follows:

Towns. State. School. County.Grand Chute ....... $1,292.48 $317.75 '$762.61Ellington ............ 238.61 58.66 140.79Bovina .. ........ 134.42 33.04 79.31Hortonia ............. 173.34 42.61 102.28Dale ................ 202.60 49.81 119.54Freedom . ............ 304.08 74.76 179.43Greenville ............ 353.30 86.86 208.46Center ............... 311.99 76.70 184.08Embarrass .. ...... 400.87 98.55 236.59Kaukauna ............ 692.21 170.18 408.45

Totals.......... $4,103.90 $1,008.92 $2,421.54

Additional and complete field notes of all lands in the countywere ordered procured from the land office in Menasha. A largequantity of logs was seized by the district attorney under the swampland act. John G. Jewell was paid $10 and Alvin Owens $20 forkilling bears. The previous act attaching a part of Bovina to Em-barrass was repealed.


The board met in special session in March, 1856; Mr. Alienwas chosen chairman pro tempore. The board promptly repealedseveral acts passed at the last session, because it had been shown thatthey were illegal and would work a hardship on important interestsof the county; they referred to tax certificates, land sales and thecollection and disposal of taxes, etc. Messrs. Childs, Gilmore andBateman were appointed a special committee to ascertain and reportthe exact amounts due from Robert Morrow and Charles A. Grignonas treasurers of the county. This troublesome question still hungfire; the board itself was uncertain what to do. The contract to buildfireproof offices was let to Patton & Moore.

"Whereupon the board adjourned, having done just enough tofill this book without crowding, leaving the necessary space for thecomments of propriety, the subsequent pages being devoted to theexpression of that admiration which future generations must feelwhen beholding the wisdom of their fathers illustrated in this book;attest, Frederick Packard, clerk."

Late in January, 1855, lumbering operations were in full blast.The pineries were alive with woodmen and teams and the driveswere expected to be very large. Immense forces of men and teamswent to the pineries on Wolf River and there found steady employ-ment. One man alone on that river employed a sufficient force toget out 3,000,000 feet of logs.

There was much complaint in October owing to the lack ofroads leading to the flourishing town of Freedom. Both Centerand Freedom were filling up with newcomers, large clearings werebeing made, houses built and farms opened. The roads were fewand the county board was importuned to open additional ones atonce. A road leading to Freedom could be made to extend to Elling-ton and Bovina. The town of Dale was growing rapidly also. AtMedina a substantial store had just been built and a general stockof goods introduced. This enabled the farmers to secure supplieswithout much trouble. The roads to Appleton were very bad. Bo-vina also was growing rapidly. Another saw-mill was in. processof erection at the mouth of Shioc River and another store was estab-lished there. A large tavern was in process of erection also. Bovinaat this date was opening a road to Shawano. At Ellington anothermill was going up; Mr. Van Vleck was building a store; a new tavernwas projected, and many settlers were coming in.

Mr. Sherwin secured the lumber for the Courthouse from Hor-tonville. He planned to have the building ready for the springterm of court in 1855. Center the most sparsely settled town in thecounty voted a $500 special road tax in 1855; Ellington voted only$400; Greenville voted $800. The other towns also took some action.It was realized that next to good schools, good roads were necessaryin this county.

"New Comers.-Land seekers throughout our county were nevermore plentiful at this season of the year than now. Prices of wildland have gone up rapidly. While a good many arrivals leave dis-appointed, the price is nothing to what it will be one year hence.



We hear of quite a number of sales at prices far in advance of lastyear and yet land is cheap, and there are enough to know it as willbe proved in less than six months."-(Crescent, April 21, 1855.)

By the last of April the Courthouse was fully completed andreceived an extra coat of paint. The jail also was newly paintedand both presented an attractive appearance. Inasmuch as con-siderable money was expended on the jail, it was thought that thecounty should raise the price of rent there at once.

From June 1 to September 1, 1853, nineteen families settled inAppleton, adding approximately one hundred to the population. Asthere were usually about 300 students in the village, the actual popu-lation during the summer of 1855 was nearly 2,000. In 1850 Elling-ton comprised three townships in length and one in width. Thetown of Bovina in 1855 embraced towns 23 and 24, range 16. TheShioc mills were on section 16, town 23. The mills and one sectionof pine land were recently sold for $12,000. Mr. Winch, formerly oneof the proprietors of the mills, built a steamboat to run on Wolfriver. It was thought that the mouth of Shioc River must eventuallybecome a.n important trading point. A small steamer was designedto run upon the upper Wolf river.

In 1855 the wheat crop was very heavy in this county. It wasbelieved that the winter wheat would average thirty bushels to theacre. At this time winter wheat was worth about 90c per bushel.

The contract for finishing the Courthouse was let to StephenSherwin of Appleton for $415. The court-room was planned tooccupy the whole side of the building, 40x40 feet, thus furnishingabundant space for any public or court proceedings.

In October, 1855, the secretary of state served notice on the clerkof the county board of Outagamie county to pay at once the state taxof $4,103.90. In 1854 this state tax amounted to $2,450. It hadalmost doubled in one year. The Crescent complained that this wasdue to the republican management of state affairs.

A large flock of sheep arrived in Appleton October, having beenimported from the East via the Collingwood route to the Green Baycountry. It was destined for some farms back of Appleton.

EXPENSES 1855.

Judicial ........................................ $2,154.08Poor ......... ............................... 9.00Wolf and bear bounty ............................. 270.00Salaries of officers. ................................ 617.50County board .................................. 332.54Courthouse finished .............................. 666.85Stationery, fuel, etc. ............................. 326.15Printing ....................................... 489.38Illegal taxes ................................... 306.70Court certificates ................................. 245.53

Total .......... .................. .... $5,417.75

,.,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,,I,-.- ...... ,..,.--.---..- ... -....,..,.,....., ...... ----.. --.::.;..; -::-X, '', . .� .� . ........I.......... :.;::::. ,.:.:.:.:.,. ,,.-.-.-.-.',.'.-,:: ., -.-------.-. .-I... .�..�I.I.I............".......,..,.'',.�,,.,.......,.,- ..... �.�...�.....��...�..��...�..�........��........��.��..�.....��...�....�..�....��..�: ..... --.... :. :::." N� :::-:.._-.:X-::-:-:l.-, .:.:��-��;.:��:.�..�::.::.:�.�.-.-.-.-.-.-.,-�-.-.�-.-.-.-.-.-.-..'��'.. --- ... --- :-:-:.`�, .:,;., X .: .:�.....�......��.�...�..�.......'�.,..�....,...�....��....��...,.......��.�....�....�,��...-.-..-.�-......�.......�.... .. � ..:, . . .......-.... �..................... : ....�........��..�.�.......�..�......�..�....�.��.�... ...-X. .,.:.:."..,:,.::.:,.:,:.:........ .. ...... ::::::: ,,...... - .- ..��.........��.��..�....�..�......�.... �-..-.�-..-.-.-..-.-..-.-.-�-��.� ........ ,,,.,..�-..-.:; .: ........�....... -.-I.-I.- ........... ,. .:.: ..- - -- -.- -..-.-�-..-....��..�-.�-..-.-.-.-.-.... ....... � ----- ...... ---- .... -.-,..-.--.--:. .... - � ��.�.::.,:::.:i:�.:::.�]:�::i:.:::.:-. ..-- .-..-.. .. .:.::,..::.:,::.: ,�,-,-,:-,,-.,-..,.�: --- ... ,-,-., .... ----...-.-.-- ........ --.. �-,,...-...- ...-................. .. -..... �... -X-- :.,.�...,.:.:.:�:.,�'..:�:..:.:.� ... :,..,.:.,.:,..:-:-, ..... .:,....... -- ... -1- .: .. --.% :� i*i::::�:*:*�*. � -- ... �.��......�....��..�...�.....,.�..�.�..��,�..� .......,-.-��-�..�.�..�.��....�..�...�.�...�......�.�..�.��...�......... .......-.... -.-- .. .. ...- I� :....: -:.-.:.,..-,--,..... -- ......... --- ....-..- ..... : . :.... --X!�� .......---- ,...,,--.-., ...-, .�..�....��.��..�......�...�.��..�..�.. .. .... .... .: .. -- .... --....-..-..-.--.-.---- ........ --.-...-'. ,. ...- .....�.....t. .-..,-,.-- ... -.--.---.-. -1111� .-� I......,..., ... --.,,-.,..,,.., .. ,::-...... -.-----....-- ..... -... V,.��:5 ..........-- ...- iiiiiii�i�!ii!ii!!��i�iiiiii! � -...... I.- ........ --............ 4.4--.- ...�: ��] -00��i! ,......,.,.� �� ., .-,...:��ii ��!�iii�i -- .... ..--.... �..".�..�....��.�'....,....�..��.....�.�.��..�.�'..A..�....��....��.�.........�....��..��.......�...:.�.:..:. .:.:.:.,...:,.,..::::::::::" -...-.-.....�.�..��....��....�.�...��..�'..�,�.�.��..-� ..-- -- .......... �.....�..��.�..�..��..�....�....�..,...............��.�........��..�..��...� ...... �-. ..�.....��-�...�.��...........��.�.,�.......�.�. -. .. :::.. :::::,., ::::,..::.:.::..:.,.,.,,.-.- -..... ,. --- �.� � --.... ..-..-..--.-..-.I:....... :.:..:,.:, -:,-.:� ........ .X.X.,X. ....�....�.�..�..�..��.....�.�.�.�.��..��..��,.�..... .. --. .. ... � -.... , ..��!��, "'""'""' ''"'" -- ,�....-�-.-. � ........, ,....... .... -�.....�... -........-,��,��!��i��!��!�!��i��.��..��.�......�.........��......�.�.��...�...��..�...�...��..��.��.... .�..�::::;��!i��;��;�!��i��l��l��... -... -... ..-.�.�...��.��.�-.�..-...�...�........,...�........�.�..�..�.....�........�. --.-----..-.---.--�I,.... .... .. -------- .....--. :::,-.,� �I- ... �-.-- ..... ---- .... ----..............� ., .....�.��................��.......��..��..��..��.��.�....�...�. ...,I. .- ..... .��..�.......��..��....��.�.�...��.......�.�.....��..��..�.�'..�..�....� ...-.. ... .......-...�.......-.-..-, .. �..... ----.............. ---- .......�....-.... ---- .. -...:::::::::, --.....,.--- .... -.-- ..,,......-....,.,.. --- ... �....�......�........�.....�....�..-- ....�.........�...-----........�...... --.--- ...-........ --....��lI--..- ... ....-.- ... ,,..,-...,,-..-!,..,........,.,.,..,... !,�-., ,..-,-.;::.::.-.-,::::,. ..... .., -- ...--,..:.. -.... ... ................ .... --..-... ----..-.-.-.-....� -�-, .. �� : .::" � -,. x .. ---..... �...�...... -... ---.---... �.- :: ". -,,.-.--.----- �---- ....... .. ..- -I--- ..... ...... .-- ........... -.-- ....�.... � I..,13 il ,, " , " , , "' , "�,,.-,,-- ... ,,-,.,...---.... ---- ....-...... . .... -- .... --.1-- .... -- .... --...------.--�.�.��...�.��.��.......�..�..�.�.�....��. --..------- ...--....- ... -.........,��..,.3.....��.��..�....�......��....�..��....�.�..�.......�.......��. ,,..,,.,.,,,.., ... --.....,,,,,'.-a"..- -� ... I,-� .--- ...... -,... -....� � -...--1. .-----.-- .-.--.--- ...�I.., .- ... ------......... --- ........ -..- ...........--.. .. ....------.- .... ..--.-.-.-.. 1-- ........�........�.-.- ... -------...-....1.�St��O(' "" "" , "' '-]�"-.'.".."�"'. '.-..�...�'...�....��...�..�.�.��..��.�...��..� ,� .. ........��Il ,...�...��..��.....��...�...�...� ..�.�...��.....�...�....��.��....�.... .4.4.....44'...,....... -...v- .. .... ---.- .... -. .1--...�.�..�,.�.�".......:�.,:��:...�.� .�..��]i��;��:��..�-�-...-�....��.�.�..�..��...�.�;��]��i�i�i�i�i��i��!;��i��]..I..�.��..�...��.....�..�....��..�....�...��.�--- ... ,,.-..:...,-:l.-.,...-...,.,.----.- ...��... --...--..- :]-I--....,..----...... -.- ...... �... .1--.- .... --.... .-...... --- .... �. �.�..��.�...��.��.��.�..�.�....��........�..� ..--- ...... -..-., "I :��i.�]��;��;��!��ii��i.:- .::. .:,.,. -X,... ..': .:,.::.:,.:, ..�.��...�.��..�....�.�.��......�..��.�.�.�.� 1. ...... ..---,,.,....,.....,.:�.�i �...��......�.�..��...��..�..�..��..�.�......�.� - ��.��..��..�...�..�.��.�.....��...��...�...�, I .- � I., ..��.��.�...�...�'......�.�.�.�.�..�I-.. ... .- .....�...I.,I....-....-.....�---- '--..-.--- ... -- ...�---- ...--.... --.�]��;�i.. V. - ,,-,., ... -,,..,.:� .-.. ,��..�....�,��..�..��..'�..,.....-�x �3 ,.... :::��:�:�:�:]:�:�:�:�:]:]:��7�:j ::::��'. Si �::-� I., � � �-. � -.... ..... .... i��;!�!��ii�� .J, ... �' ,,, ,:�� .-,.,::::,. II... � --� %�'.......,..�.�..�..�...�'...��..,- �-�� ,.,,,.....,-,...,. -- -,�I- :" �...1--.1 ......... , �..,..�I,:%-..-.,.,...,..-,.-61�1�0 .�'..��!��]�]�]��]��:.,:,:"::.,:.:,�""::.� ... --- .....- .1::�.--... 1. -.::::-::�. ,.,.,.,.-.,..,.-...---- ........ -..- ........ -- 1:-..,----..-.,...--...__��]�:r�.... � �....�..... ---- ... :.:::::,::: �: ---------- -, � ".�--�---..-� ,.........--.-.�.... -..-.--- ....... - ...... �.... --- .....�......,--.- .......----.- ...-... ---- .... ..----- ---.1...,.. ,.-.--.--:-:..-- ----'.. -- .......�.... .. -�.��...��.��..�..��.�.�.�....�....��....�....... F,.... � -.... , jx�::x::� � -.. �..-..,.,.%,...,....... �...-......... -� --.... � ��.. 1. � -X -.:.., :...-.4....:.-.-� -:��,--,-,.:��]�]]]��,--� ��.��.�.�...�..��.�..�.�..��.�....�........�..�. .--- ....�.... I .. ,,,.%-,...,.,- ,..---%,-..... --�... �... --.. -� -�. �... � .-----.---.. ., �]��]��]�]��]��]��:] �.�..�....�.�.��..�..........�� ...... ,,,,,-. -� -. ��.�....��....,....�..�..�'..�... :::::::.-:]��,:�,�,.�..,,...%,-. ��k��:].."�:�:]::�,:�:�:�..I-...-,.,:].�..��.��.�....�...�...�....��..��.��......��..�.�. .::::::::::::::�.:::::::::::::::::::-.... ------.., I.,-%- -1,.��..�.�...�...��........�..��.�....��.�..�...�.... -. �� -,...-,....- ......... �.�...��.�....��..�.�.�.�...��ii��i��.:�-..... --: ...�...--.....--.------.-- -.- -.- ....�-- --�.......�.�.��....��..�..��...�..�.�...�.��....... ...... -.: I ,-:::: -- I....�---.---.-... �.....�... -------- -:,. I -......,flat �:�:V:7:1*1:� ,.]:�:]:��]:�:]�i:�:�:]:��:::�:::::"�...�"��..�'�� " "" ".,...,..,...,.,..,.- .... ...--...,: :.,,-X.:.:,::- ::....��.��..��..�..��,.�..�,.��'..�.��.."I,-,..:::V, _.- .. .... ��-..- ... -..-,.....--.--...,. .... ..- -'.... �.�.�..��.�..�..�.......��...�.��..�.......�.�...�........ .,,...,,.....,..-..-:, .....��.,..�.�.�.�.�.��...��..�.�.�.�.�.....�.��. ..:- -- --..�-.--.- ... ---.- ............ .. t.-I-k ...., .- ,��i��]�� .��.�....��.�..��.��..��.�..��.�.��..��..��......�� .. :..-... --.-- :�:.. .. ....-- ...---- I-- ...�--- ....�........�x.:.:-::::::�::�:,".. ---.....---.-.-.. ,:4.I-...-,- ,--....----,,�� -. -�---.__...,-;�...�....�... -.------.. ��,.: 1: : --- 3..-,............,..-.� ,.-, .,.,.,'..,--... ,.c :� "). .......

,-,,.,,,, I.-.-,,,....-.,.., ��]�]�� ----. I-- ...-.. �:,:::i�:I..: ::: .--.--- ...�...�........,....,-::� n4� " ��..�.�..��..�.�.��.�.�:��..�:..: .:, -.�:�:�:�:]Z,]:, �:�]�:�:]:]:�7�:]:�.�.�..��.:...'�!�� ii :�:�]�:�:�:]:.I....,..,--.l..-.-.---- ...- I..... � ..... ..-.--... --.1.'',

�.:-1.��...�...�..,.,.��.�.�...��.........', � I�: ------ ....�..... --- I I.......�....-.....-------- ... ---.----,:-4:: �, --�::-�,. �...��..��.�....�.��.��..�.�..��.��....��.�.i..,,...,...,%-.,..'� ...�;:::.:f::-�:::::, "" , " ""':.,�...�..�...�.�....�...�..�...��.��....��... ,�...�....'�..��'..�...��...�.�... ft�:�,`4 -.�,�:��*--- ...... '. ".-:*.", � �� ii� �.-.X-.- ... -.1 ....---.-.. ----...-:,,,,,,,...:7:�:,x�::.... ��:::�:�:�:�:�:�:��:]��:�.��..,:..�...,.��"."�..�'...,...��.�..,.��..-...... 1.--...�--::::::-.....-.............:...-�..., ,]:�:�b -.-.-.--.-.---. I---��- ., "..,:-..:.��;-.--�. ,....�.....�.��...�.�.�....��..��..��.�..��...��.,�.�.. I.......1. '.. %....%. 1.�.�..�..�.��.�.......��...�...�....�.��....��.�...�...�, ..',,--.1 .....�.... .�...�..............�......�I...-:: ��.�.....��:.:�.:��:.;�:k-.1'01,�.I......",..�...�.�...�.....�.�...�.�.�.�.�..�....--'' -�.--, "..��.....�..��.��.��.....�......��.......�.�...�...��-...,-,..,,. ..-,.-...,:::::::.. �t �� '" .."�: .��.��....��.��.�.�.�...��'.....��....� ......�-, , ,:��]�]��:��]�.,:.,.:,..A]�� --'--- 4- I.. A.�I.......�.�..��.�..��.�.�.��..��.I.�..��..�� ....- �!�.,I,-''U'", -"--."..-�" ,�,......�i��::::�iiiii!��:/�i:,Mii�ii'', �!��...,-....--..�--,..-�--..--..-.-.-.�.-..� --X .,...��]�_I.��.�..�...�...��.��.....�..�..�. .�,i.��i....i�.,�.--..-..-..�.,...--!��!I ...N.. ... ., :;: ... ,-,.-...,,,- ..��:.:,.;w,,:.X�:- �.�.�.�.��.��.�.�........�...�..��...��,�� .........- �.,.:�:�:, -----.---.-.... 611-., �lj��]�� -:,�< ...�. --.- ......-..... --.- .....- � _:: 'ti :::: ., 11--.1 .......-��..�..�.�.��.�.�.��.��.�.��.�� .... -.- I-.....�-�...-''...11 .... -.- ... -- ,�,.�........��..�..�.�...�.......�.�...�.�...�.��..�.��..��....... �,...-.�"..::::., ... --.---.- ........... --.- w-....1.�.�.�.�...�......��....'�..��..-,--�,.-,.-.-.---..-.....,...��....�....��..��.�:�:::�:�:�:]�]:�:�:��::�:�:�:]:�:�:�:��:]:�:�:��: ,,- -.- ,......,.%,%.,-..--........ i�--,��."��'..."��.�.�.�'...��..��. -.- :.. ...-.-.:]:]��:�'t' �]�:�.�,��..:4...��;��.I .. ,--.� ........... �....... :.,...�:�:� , � , ,-.-,.,-,.,..-.,.- ..-. 1-.. --., ::.��I�. ,-... �:]: .-, �.��.�..��........��...�...�..--..., �,�.�.�..��!��i��i!i�� ., .1. -*:::::::::::�::::::::::::::::::::]:�:�.,� �'..�.�.�.�.�...�'..��,��.�.�.�.�.......�.�..��....�......�.�.�� ., ...-.1 ...,.,I��!�::I�.. .,��.�...�.�.��.�.�..��.�...�.. .�I--�-.- ........ -.--- ..- -.. �:. - - -.. ..,.,. . �,: -:::::,.a:::::.7.::::::,;,tl":.�.:.�.:,..� ... ��.��.......�,�.�.�.......�.��..��.�..�.��.�..��..�.�..��.��.�.�.�..�.�.�.��.�.�.�..�.��.��...�� ....�I .::�::-:::::..�:�:�. I.:::::: -.--.,� I...�.... -- ..... -.- .............. ---.-.-- ...�.... :,..-.....-..--.. ...-- �-.... .. '..''""' " , , ".�* ��.��.��.��.�.�.��.��..�..'��.:��:��.�� , �� I-- 1-�..... ��.�.�.�..��...��.�.��..��.�..�-�..�...�.�....�� ;� ;.:.;,--'' , '' ''"' , , ':.-..... �....... -.-..--- ....... -.- ... --.... I.-I.- -.- ....�...�....-...�... ----.--. , ...-.]]�]7 ,]]��i;�:...::��2,.��,--,.,......,-, ...... ��...�.�..�..�......��.�.�..��...��..�.�.....�..:1.��.��.��.�.�.�....�...��......�..�..��.�.��.�. �iii .. I. x��.A�_4:��] .. .---- .... --I....��...�..��.�.�.�..��.�.�.��.�l.:io,:��-I.., I.--... �...-.....-I.--- ..... -.- ....,�I��i��!j��;��i� ��.....-... ��]� ::.-�i$I" -.-�...�.�.�..��.�....�...�...�..�...�� ... -- ... -- ..... ---... -*. ,...�..�.�...��.�.�.��.��.�......� i��]��.�..�.�.�...�.�...�.�..��.�..��.�...�.�.�...�...��.�.��.��...��.��..�.�.�....��.....�.�..�.. --.- ,�-.�i�i� ::�i.i:�:�x�*: I i:: i:'i W: §i...::::II..'...,....,..'.,..' .... �..�..�..�.�....�.��...�.��.��.��.. --. 11,.. - ...... .... .... -.-.---- ....- �.-... ��.��..�....�..........�..�-��.�.....�....�...�.��..�-��..�..��..��......�...�-�.��....�....��....��-�..��....��. 1.��.��.�...�.�.�.��..�.�.�...�.��.� ...-.- I-... --.--....-..- .... -.-.--.-. .-------. �I-,----.- ....�.........�.......... ----- ..... ---- ....�.....�.......�,.."�.,,.,:��!�:.,�'.��i�,:.,-.-"��il:�;, ��]:� .-,.,.,-.,,.,,. 1:� ,...��.....�.��...�.��.�.�..��. -.:.-,.�� --- :: .... ,.. ,.'.,,,,..,,...,..... .., �-,. .... �.- 1.I.......�.... ......----I.., ...-- II---.---.----- .... -...-..-----..-"' ", ...�....-1!!I::I'i�]��i�i :,..-.-.-.... D...,., .i-..�>.� ,'.., ---.... �::I.. .'' *f: ': ,:, '' "'-."'�-- "" "" " , , '' :�]]]��Ili��]]�i:�::oi,j��j��j��!��i ��- ..--- ,.-,.-I.... ,, , "' , ''-..."'-I,..*� �...�...�..��....��.�.��.�.�.��.....�....,..:��. ,�]�"*'4 ��.'%-�., --, �.��....��.��..�...�...��...�.�....�....��.��.��..��...�..I'.,%,,,-% ....-.....- '�::.-11, 1,��..�..�..�..�.I..�....�..�.��..�.�.�.-..-�.-.��-.-..�.�-..-.�.� .. .... .,:::::::::::::::::::"% ::::�:::�::::�7.%7:::::'': : X" ",:. ..�,�*, �, �_ �U:.--- ... �.�..�..��.�...�.��.�.�.�...��..��.�.�.�..-,. ,--- ....�......... --..- ... --.--..---.. I.. .---- ...... ---.- ..... --.-----.-. _.. ,..-.......... -.----.-- .... ---.- ... --.- ,

I'��.�..��....,.�::::::::::::::::]:::::::::::::::�,�'.:7::::::�, �...�.��..��..�..�...��...��.,. -:i 1.�-,w , "'' , ,"'',-,," , " , " " " , "'' ..,.,.,%- ��! 1..:..,,l-..- ,..,..,..,.-- �!�i �� .-".--'.',,.- .%:::::: , ,-. .��!!��i��i� ::: :: I..:---- M!': . ........ ---- ...�........ --- ... --.- I . ..-... �........-...... ':I,.., .- ..... k. --.... --.. .. .. .... - .... .. .... .. ,��....��.��.�.�.��.�.�.,.��. ,%,��A.7:�� i��...- ----.- .1.-- ..........�.....�...-...... ---.:.:.:�:.:.:..:.]::.: -.:.:::-::::::�:: "'"' " , , , "' , '" " , , "' 11 -....-- ........-.. ,% ]��i�i�� ,-.,.,.:��]��ill:!�!iiii;��i��,�".O.., .- '. ��.��.��..�.�...�.......�.�..�.�.�...�.��....��.....��. -- 11,,,'� ... -.1 ..... -.- ... --- ......... �........��...��..�.�.�.�.�.�...��..��..�...�.�.�.�.�..��. ..�...�.�...�.....�.��.�...�.��..�...�.....!��i:��.�-.7..,�i .,,...,�".��.�.�.:�.,�..��.�.�.....�..��..�......,...��.��..��..�.�.��..�..�..�.'..�. , ,,, I -.-- ,-.--. 4 �.�.��.��Ill��]��]��]]�� . -... I..�.�......�..�.�.�.�.�..�.��.�.........��. ,..� .....,.., ::,$��j��!��!��",::: .�..�.�...�.��.�.�.�...�...��..�....��.��..�.�.....��.�.�...--.--.-- ...... -.- :::::....- :9,,,-:,j. ...---.- ... ----- , . -- -----.----- .....- .... 1,.-.-.,-,.�..�.�.�.��'..�.�.�.�..��........��.�.�......�` ... ,--......,.:::� !.7--..--j.-'l�i'..l"i.' %"Sji��:,.�.�...��...��.I.��,�..�........�..�....�..��.. , "::::::-:�:-::::�:::::::: ..,-.::-.:.:: '''" "'....... -----.-- I........�.��:,RN�:�', .��...�.....��.I.��.�.��..��......�.�..�...�. ��!��$��]��;�� Ii��]� C�� ..-,. 1:��!��.��......�.�...�..�..��...�...�...��..�.��. .1.-'.,-,,. ,,---.,...., ,..-., ----. g.. ;1,.,.,.,,,..-.,..,, ... -- ,....,..,-,, -... I.,.�.��.��:]:�:�:�:�:�:�:�:��:�:�:�:�:]:]:� ...-M ,,.-.,%-.-.. -. -......- �--.--- .. -----.- .. ,.--.- �...... --.-..--..- .....�-.... .... ... �l..-.;.-..---...-.... -.------ .,.��..��...�.�..��....�..�.�.�.�.�.��...�.-�Iil�i�!�ijl��J�!ij?,--*-.. �iil�� 111!11 .. .. ..,:,:,.:,:- ..... :�.'.'....:::::::.:::.:::...�.��....�.,...�..,...��.�.....-�........��...��.�.��..��..��.��..�...,--- ... ---- ..- �,�,� -,..-.--..,..,, ..� ...... I.... -, ... -- .....-..... -.- .... --- ......--- .... ��.��.�..��.��.��...��.�..�..�.r:�--.., ......�... -- ... --- ..... ---.- ��.......�.�..".....�..�.�..��.��...�.�..�'..�......�..�.��.��..��.�...�'l', ��:�. .,.. ,,,,:::: ::::::::::::::::::::77: .�.�.�.�.�...�.�...��..�.��.....��....��...��....�..�..�....��.�.�.��.�.��.�.�-.� .... .....��..��..��..�.�.�.��.....�,.,.,,�.. ---.-::*.%,:::..'��..�.,....,.�...�.�'.��..'��...�,.�.�..��.�..'.��'��..,...�.�'��,.�", , -- I,::::, ,..-..._1 -.... �.��.��....�.....��.�.�'...'I�... .:x;:;:�'.-: - ..-.-.,-%,..-.�.1. _.��.��......�.�..�...��..�....�.�.��.....'I--..---.-- -.. 1. .-.- ....::-::::::::�::�:::::-:: �,:::.::]::.:.:::��.�...�-��.��...��..�..�.....�.,..-.-'�-'-�.-.'.�..�.�....��. �.. ,�.�..��..�..�.�.�..��.�.�...�.�...�....'I,...,-%,�--..-.,..%,......%.....I--.---- ....�....�... -, .. I-- I ---- .... ��,II,...----..-. .--- --.-- .... - ..,.-.--.-.-..--.-..--. I, :.:.:*:..- ... ..,,...., .� .....�........�..��.��..�...�'...:I.-.��...��..��.��...�.�..��.�.��...��.�.��.�.�......�.....��..��!��!;��: ..... -.-. ��, ---� ,,.-, .. ,.��...�...��.�...��...�.��....�� ...,�-- ....-.... -- .... -- �---�--------.--.-- :: .�..�....�........��..��.��.��.., ,.,��: �:��!�!��!�-.,.,. 1.-.... :,.... I.., --.-.- ....�.-,--- ----.-.--I. .....�...........--.-- �-., " , �ii ...--, I...�....�.��..��.........�..�....-%.%.�:a�. --� -:� ,,...- .. .-,,,...- .... -... -----�i�]�!�i;;i:-.��:. ::�� ;�.�5 ...�.... ,...,,,,--.---.- ., -......, I.. I...�....�.�..��.....��...��.�...�.� ,.-�,:.:,. ..: :-::-:-::.:.,.:.:., l:: .....�::,..-.--,..,.....%...

. ,:::::� . ,,,,....,:.:.:.;.:...., I-- .... .....-..,.,,,...-.,l?-.;,:--.-..,,,.,..,...... A; .., :::,::,:::::::::::".,�-......,...::::. 0� ... .... .... �,,...,....... ..,"........ ;....,,....�.........-.... I.--�I-.-- :.::.: i:��1:� ,"..-, -, . ... ..�...�..--, , �!", .. ]��i:�� iii�iii�i�i� -.-�.-..:.,��:�p-.-':Kx .1 ..,.9 ....- Conditioning ...� ��];��i��ii;:��......

-- -.1.1 , -" ".. I.:.. ,.--::: .. I---........ ,,-:,,,% :::::: ��i��i��Oi.��$�� .- ..�-...�...... I..: --... :::::::::::,.�...�I..--.---.- --��i�� .....'-...-- 11....-:� ::::::...�.�--.-.-.I..,..,-..-,.-.-..�.....�...�.�.�'..�......,..�...�.� ,,-.....-, -`,II-...,,,-...... ---. ��...�I,-.- ............ --- I�-,---- ........... -- -------- ... �...-.1 ------- ...�...,.....-.........-...-... .-::::::::::::::: I ....-....., .-.�,-.4-4--....'..� ... ... .---. :.:,:" -... .1 1. ............. .1 .........-.- ,",I-I.,".-... -1-- ---,.-..) 1. .,.-.-,.-... --- ...... ::: .,:,:.:.:.:�:�:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:::::::::::::: I-- -.- - :': --- ''*..... -� -- ,

-,

-... -.- ... ,.1 I.,

,,

--- .... --.... �'..,,,,..,....- .... --. '...-,.....4- ,.� ---- .... . -- ?. ..��-�-,,-.-,1.-...4-4-4 �� - .;, ,-,..

,

-.... -- ........... ...-,.,,-..,.-%. --�I..--. 7ii;Z,�,I...4-4.,.:�:::::::: . ...-.- .... ----- :��;�,� '...,-..---.-�:i:��i:I,-.....--- .... -.-- ....... --- .....-... ---- :,-I . �---.---.- .... ------.-- .... ---- V -:.,

.,.�...�...��..��..��...�.�..,..�.��..�..�.,.��..�.��.��.�...��.�...�.��.�.�.��.�.�.�.��...�.�......�. -.-.%,,..,.....-........ -.- .......... ---.- ...... --.-.-.-.... ,. ...... --- I�..��..�............�..�.�.�...�'......�..��.�...�...�.�..��...�.:.��,.�,��::, .:.�-... .........,....-.,.,, �: ---%---.--.---.---- --* .., -- -..........- ...................�.... ---- ... -.- ... I.... ..,.-.-...-,,..,I:::,I...I.- �I........... ----.- ... --- ... -- ... -.-.-- ... --......... I--.-.... ---- ..........-...�.............. --.-...---.-. ..-.��.�..��..�....,..�.�.��....�.....�.��....�.��..��.�.�...�.�.�.��..�.�':::..-. ,

...........��.��.��.....��..�.��,��.��............��.�...�..��..��.�.�.��...��.��..�.�....�.�.. �� ... ... �, X- ... IINI:1 ,...'...,.- .......�..... --:: .1 .. .,:" �...-. , -. ,.....,.. -------- ....�.... ---.-... ..,,....,.-.,,.%,�.-�,:::�.I....-.-.- ...... -.- ...�........�.... --- ..... .-... 7 --.. :-:.- :::�.-......�...�..�..��.��...�..��.�.��......�....��...�.....�.�.�.��.....�..��..��.�.��....�.�'..�...�..:::: .:.::.��...�.�..�....�'...�...,..�..��.��.�.�..��.�.�.�..� ... -g, .-..-

-

--.- .... �..��.�...�......��...�...�.�.�.�...�.�.�..��.�.��.,..��.��.....�.� -: ::::: :. li" ...- -,�...�.... -.- �.. � ��.:��::.:�::::��:::.i::::Ii:::ii�:.:�l,:�i::�: fIX-01- -...-.....-...--..------ �.�..�.�...��..�..��.�.,.,:::::]:-..�'..��.��..�......�.�.�.��....��'..�...��..�..�..�.�.�..�.:�:�:��:]:�:�:�:�:�:�:]:�:�]�::::�::I�--.. ...,..,.--.- ....-%...�...I..- ....�.....-.....�... -.-,--- ---.- � .... ..- ,:::,::: -%-..... ---.--.----..-. I4''..... 1� .-.....,...-.,,-:-.X�iii�!;�!i�.,-.,.,,....,..,,....---.- ......�..... ..-. 1 ;��-..4. ..,.,.l.... .......,.-... ..... ,..,.,.,.,..,,.,..-....% '. ..]i��]��]��].M,.."""".. '� ': --.. ....-. �.��.�.��..�--- .......-..... ---.... ---.. �.... -.-.--- .... ---- ii� :� �� ..X. .1 ,,,.,.,,---- ..:..-..... -..-----..--..-......... -.- 7--... -.- I -.. .--- .... -.-.. .,. ... ,.,.,.,...,-., 1-31,`M::, �....,-...,� ...�.... -- ---.-,.-.-..---. ,--,..$ :�:�t��:�� ..-,�..�.�.��....��...��..�.�...�.��..�...�..��......�.�..1-1:1, . . ,:. -:...... -- ------...��.�...��.�..�.��.�.�.......��.��....��...�.� - -.- ��*��i:i�!� �---- .... -.,,-....,, � ,.-,,-..�:'.,.�.�.......�..�............��.�.��.....� ,.....-...�....��..��.�....��.��.....�....��.��.��.��.�..� 1*��i:�: -- ......�.....�...-I,.�.... --.-----.----..-.... �....�... -..- -- ....- ..... -.- ....... -- ...--.-.- ....... --- ...�....�.�.��.��.��..��.�..��..��...�...�..��.�.........�.��.� ::::::::::::�..-, I , "'' "' 'I"''0.. .:.: �� .::i:. �.....�..�..�......'��....��....�.,..�'. -- ... -- ,�...��..��..��..�.�.��.�....�...�.�...�.�...��..�..��...�,-........ ----.- ---- ....�... --- .... - -......-... -------- ...-.... --- .1-...�....-.......�-- ....-....-..--- .......-... -. --. I-.- ..... -- -I.., ...-...�...-- .... --.----.-. --,I---.--.---.-,-- ... --.�.....-.....�... -..- ..... -.-- I-- .... -... -.-.-.--------.------..-.... .1 -.-- .... --.-.--.-- ...�... ---- ....�.. ...... ---.- ....---...... �.............--- ....-11-... ,�.��......�.�.�......�......�.�.�...� -- -----,..-...-.-.�.�.�...�.�...�...�.��...��..��.�.�.�..��...�...��...........-... i�i... ��!) .�....�... ---.---- ..... -.-�... -.- -.....�.........- -- I I� .. -- - ,.,%, , ., *-*,. ,%% -- -...--... �..�..�..�.�...�'..�.�.�...�.�............��.�......��..��....�..�.�.�.�.�.��..�� .��...Illillililllllll��....�..I:��-� ::::::::;: .::..:.: � ''.:......------------- -.- .1 ------ ............. -.- *]:::�:Iz .... ,..,-,....--..- ,.-, 1. ��]�]:� .� -�.....�......�.��.�....�......�...........�.��....�...�.�....��.�................��...�'..�....��..�.�.��.�..�. ��]��]� ,:,:�.-..��..��..��..��.��.�.�.�.�...�.�.�.�..��.��...��......��.�......�-��.��..�.�.�...... :: ::,: , :.,.,.:.:,,.��........�..��....��...�..�...�.�.�.....�.�.. ,....-,%, ./ ., ... .......----.------ --.. , "� ---. -. �.......... --- ....�........ -.- -.-..-..-�.�-.-.��.��.�..��.�.....�.��. ,.,-.,-.�..�.�..'�:�,.:�.:.,.:..:..,.,�: ..... -.4".%'....�-....,-.- --- .�.,..,.::::::.::::;:.:::::::...::::.:�..��.�.��..��.......�.��.��.��.� ,,-.4. ........- .......I... I-- ....�... -. �::".".....-..- ...�.... �..��..��.�.�..��.��.��.��..� ...�,... -- ... iii�iiiiiiiii�i��l!ii!il!l�.�.�,ii-.-...�...-.... -- ..... -, -��....-.....�....... --.- .......�..............-.--.-.---.-- -- ... --- ......--..--..---- ... --, -- ...----.-- ........ ,..,- ...... -:.:-.- ..... ---..- ...--.- -- �- -....,- .... -.,.-----..- �:.........�......�.-.-...-..�-�.,.-.�-.-----...-- ...... .- ,...- --... :::..�:..,:::.:::.:::::::::.:.::::::.:::::.�..::::::...�"-'��'.. , W. "I ,..,,,...,.,, ..-.-.-.-.-..-.�.��..�.�..�.......��.,.-� -:...... �.-��-..-�-.�-.-.�-.-�.-.-.-.-.-�.-..-.�.-...�..... -.-..,.-,., I��] �; i ",�...�....... --- .... --.-. ��-i-;-� .,..,--.,..,, ..�.��.....��.�.�.....,....��.�.�.,.-,,-.,-,-,. ��x..-..:j��...�:..:.�:�::.::.:,.::.",.:..;,::,::::::,- -.....-...... -- ... --...-....-... ---.-.-----.--- ---- �......�...... ---------- .... --- ...--...- ...... -----.- ......�I...-.- ....�........�.......�...........�.....�... -.- ... ---.-... -----.---- .....-. ,--.,..-.-, ��..�.��.�..�..��.��.��..�..��.�..'�.�'......��..�..�.�.,.��..........�.�..�.��....��...�:::::...�;�.-�...�.��..��..��.�.�.��.�..�..��...��....��..��..��..�..��...�...�..� .- ---..... �.....�....�... -.-.---.-- ..... ---.. .I...-.-....- ,.--,.-. .... ---- ....�...�...�...�..... --- ..... ..


ASSETS 1855.

Tax certificates on hand ... .................. $2,530.92Orders on hand 7,709.18Due from Shawano county ........................ 264.18Due from R. Morrow ............................. 717.76

Total assets ................................ $11,221.86

TOTAL COUNTY LIABILITIES 1855.

County orders and court certificates outstanding Feb-ruary 23, 1855 .......... .................... $6,448.01

Amount due the State in back years ............... 1,976.78County expenses 1855............................. 5,417.75

Total liabilities............. ....... $13,842.54Assets ..................................... 11,221.86

Liability balance ................... ... $2,620.68

In 1855 the assessment showed 208,942 acres under cultivation;its assessed value was $397,048; equalized valuation, $397,053; per-sonal property, $6,532; total valuation, $403,585.

STATISTICS 1855.

Towns. State. School. County.Grand Chute ............ $1,292.48 $317.75 $762.61Ellington ............... 238.61 58.66 140.79Bovina ................. 134.42 33.04 79.31Hortonia ............... 173.34 42.61 102.28Dale ................... 202.60 49.81 119.54Freedom ............... 304.08 74.76 179.43Greenville .............. 353.30 86.86 208.46Center ................. 311.99 76.70 184.08Embarrass .............. 400.87 98.55 236.59Kaukauna .............. 692.21 170.18 408.48

Totals............ $4,103.90 $1,008.92 $2,521.57

In 1855 the Outagamie and Shawano Plank Road Companywas incorporated by J. C. Lewis, Jackson Tibbits, G. R. Andrews,Charles D. Westcott, E. West, Luther B. Noyes and Perry H. Smithwith a capital stock of $100,000; object to construct a plank roadfrom Appleton to some point in Shawano county.

On December a large quantity of school and university landin Outagamie county was sold by the commissioners at Appleton.Lands sold at that time lay in townships 23 and 24, range 15, and



was sold at $1.25 per acre. Private sales were made in these tractsat $1.50 per acre, and a few choice tracts at $2 or more per acre.

In January, 1856, a man named Leonard became intoxicated inKaukauna and laid out during one of the coldest nights. He wasterribly frozen and great care was necessary to save his life. Drs.Beach and Merriman attended him and performed twelve amputa-tions using chloroform. All the fingers, both thumbs and two toeswere taken off. Some of the fingers were disjointed at the hand.The man had a wife and four children who were totally dependentupon his labor for support. He thus became a county charge. Thiscase was noted as a remarkable one, showing the shocking and fear-ful results of liquor drinking.

In March Frederick Packard in a communication to the Cres-cent endeavored to explain how Outagamie county became indebtedto the state. He said it was due to the dispute over the countytreasury by Messrs. Grignon and Morrow. He claimed that duringthe years 1853-4 while Mr. Morrow held the office he should havepaid to the state treasurer $2,896.60, but only actually paid $982,leaving a balance due of $1,914.60.

In April the postoffices and postmasters in Outagamie countywere as follows: Appleton,-John Elliott; Little Chute,-Peter Maas;Kaukauna,-John Hunt; Oneida,-C. G. Lathrop; Freedom,-JohnBrady; Lansing,-L. S. Augur; Center,-M. McGillan; Ellington,-S. D. Mason; Shiocton,-M. G. Bradt; Hortonville,-D. E. Wood-ward; Greenville,-Burnett Mills; Wakefield,-Seth J. Perry;Medina,-C. Koontz.

The crop of maple sugar in the spring of 1856 was very lightand as a consequence the price advanced to 12e a pound.

By the summer of 1856 there was much speculation in landaround Appleton. This was deplored because it was believed thatthe interests of the city itself would thereby suffer. The villageproperty on the northern side of the river in the First and ThirdWards was 30 per cent cheaper than improved agricultural lands.Village lots were held at reasonable rates. Lands in Center, Elling-ton, Bovina, and Freedom were worth from $3 to $10 per acre, andthere was extensive speculation in such property.

Notwithstanding the scarcity of lumber and other building ma-terials, the construction of stores and dwellings at Appleton rapidlyprogressed in the spring of 1856. It was said that more lots werecleared and fenced this spring than during any previous season.In addition, the citizens everywhere were planting shade and fruittrees. The high stages of water and the heavy winds which hadprevailed prevented the rafting of logs to this point. However, morethan 2,000,000 feet of logs were on the way here by May 24.

"There is quite a heavy emigration into the northern towns of ourcounty. The land is cheap and fertile and the climate healthy.Cattle growers, dairymen, and others can make fortunes in the WolfRiver Valley in a few years."-(Crescent, May 24, 1856.)

It was reported in September that nine men in one day killedthirteen bears in Waupaca county. This report awakened the hunt-



ers of this locality and they prepared to seek the woods. In Octoberall swamp land pre-emptors were invited to come to the register'soffice with two disinterested witnesses to prove the required progresson their claims. The register of deeds was P. D. Bingham.

In November, 1856, the county board appropriated $500 withwhich to fence and clear the Courthouse square. The total countyreceipts in 1856 were $22,690.54 less $2,530.92 on hand at the be-ginning of the year. There was on hand at the end of the year$9,751.52.

In January, 1857, the county board made an appropriationwith which to prepare a map of the county showing the locationof towns, villages, and the principal streams. This map was attrac-tively prepared and copies were sent to scores of counties in the Eastfor the purpose of attracting settlers to this vicinity. Excellent farmland was advertised in Center, Freedom, Ellington, Bovina and Em-barrass at from $2 to $10 per acre.

"Killing Deer—.-An immense number of deer were killed in thiscounty during the latter part of last week. We hear that one Indiankilled fourteen in the town of Center on Saturday. The snow wascrusted over strong enough to bear a man and they hunted the pooranimals with dogs and clubs. This wholesale destruction of deeris too bad. We actually wish that the legislature would take awaythe privilege given to Indians to hunt game out of season; and thatthe white savages who are so wicked and thoughtless as to exter-minate the species in season and out of season were made to feelthe rigid penalty of the law."-(Crescent, February 21, 1857.)

The special attention of newcomers was called to the desirabilityof residing in the town of Bovina. The lumber interest there wasvery large and valuable and the mills were in steady operation.Hundreds of men were at work the previous winter in the lumbercamps. The village of Shiocton counted two hotels, several storesand half a dozen mechanic's shops and already the village was animportant point in river navigation. In addition there were manyacres of unoccupied grazing and farming land within the limits ofthat town. It was considered an excellent location for actual settlers.

It was announced by the Crescent that the use of maple sugarin Outagamie county was more than ten times greater than in anyprevious sugar season known, and the quality was never better; theprice was about 12c a pound.

In April the City of Appleton and the town of Grand Chutejointly voted at the courthouse the sum of $4,140 for roads andbridges in city and town. This was thought a liberal appropriation.It was believed the county should build and maintain the bridges,even within the limits of Appleton, over navigable rivers like theFox and Wolf.

About the middle of June a large meteor passed over Appletonabout noonday, taking a northeast direction and though the sun wasshining brightly at the time it was distinctly visible. It left as atrail a white cloud and after a few seconds exploded in a series ofconcussions resembling the firing of a cannon in rapid succession.

84 HISTORY- OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY

It was estimated to have been one hundred miles from Appletonand accordingly must have been very large.

By the last of August the plank road between Dunn's Cornersand the Greenville town line was nearly all graded and was con-sidered one of the best pieces of road making in this county.

In 1857 the state geologist, Prof. Daniel, was in this portionof the state making an examination of the geological features. Hestated that he found a much larger quantity of excellent farmingland in this portion of the state than he had expected. There wasgreat complaint in the fall that young men, in order to securehickory nuts, walnuts, etc., were in the habit of cutting down thetrees in order to get at the nuts more readily. The citizens regardedthis act as outrageous and demanded that it should cease.

The report of the secretary of state for the year ending Sep-tember 30, 1857, showed that Outagamie county was indebted to theState to the amount of $2,800. The existence of this indebtednesswas laid to the usurpation of the office of county treasury by RobertMorrow who had gone to Kansas.

In November at the session of the county board there was forthe first time in history an entire unanimity in the reports of thetreasurer and the equalization of the assessment rolls. Much creditwas given Dr. Douglas for his method of keeping the accounts andfinances of the county. The board appropriated $1,000 to aid inconstructing .a bridge across Fox river in the Second ward. Theproperty holders were expected to add $3,000 to this appropriation.

Late in 1857 a public road extending from New London to thetown of Embarrass was projected and its construction commenced.The latter town was quite rapidly settling at this date. Some com-plaint was made because the proprietors of certain lands at NewLondon compelled the roadmakers to build in a half circle to avoidcrossing their property.

In 1857 the county board appropriated $1,000 for the partialconstruction of a bridge over Fox river at Appleton. Thomas Hannatook the contract. He failed to build the bridge and the money wasused to pay county expenses. The county sued the Morrow bonds-men-Robert Bateman, H. L. Blood and William Rork-and gotjudgment, the county finally agreed to settle the judgment for $200.Patton & Moore were the contractors for the fire proof county build-ings in 1858. The total receipts of the county treasurer for 1858were $33,100.less $1,347 on hand at the beginning of the year.

In. November 1858 the county board were presented with an.application in behalf of Robert Morrow for an appropriation of $500to be used in paying his expenses in contesting with Charles A.Grignon for the treasuryship of this county in 1853. The claimwas disallowed by a vote of three in favor to eleven against. It waswondered at the time how any three men could be found who wouldvote in favor of this application.

The county board made an appropriation of $1,000 to aid inconstructing a permanent bridge across the Fox river at Appletonand appointed a committee to let the contract and to report concern,


ing progress of the work. The high stage of water in the riverprevented work on this improvement until August, 1858, at whichtime the contractor endeavored to get rid of his bargain. He wasreleased from his contract upon his request, as the $1,000 was raisedby an express law for a specific purpose. It was believed that theboard had no right to divert it to any other use. At this date theboard numbered fifteen members and W. H. P. Bogan was chair-man. "I am ashamed to see a procession of disgusted pilgrims pick-ing their way from the steamboat through an ocean of mud andthen comforting themselves in believing their troubles are over andcrossing the bridge only to find a nasty slippery hill of red claymud and only to remember that at one end of this nuisance are theFox and Wisconsin Improvement Company and some others whoclaim to be our most enterprising citizens and at the other end thebusiness part of the city of Appleton and to realize that for two wholeseasons of business this abomination has disgraced our city."-(Cor-respondence, Crescent, November 27, 1858.)

At an adjourned session of the county board held in January,1858, the following proceedings were had: Numerous petitions andremonstrances were heard in reference to proposed locations of theboundaries of Embarrass, Hortonia and Medina. A committeeframed an ordinance dividing Embarrass and forming a separatetown of 22, range 15, to be called Musquito Hill. The citizens ofLittle Chute petitioned the county board to divide the town of Kau-kauna by north and south lines, and remonstrated against a riverboundary. A committee appointed to ascertain the gross amount ofcounty ordinances and other certificates not canceled reported out-standing $5,187 worth. The board finally decided the town ofBuchanan to be all that part of ranges 18, 19 and township 21,lying south of Fox river. At this time several sections were attachedto Grand Chute. The first annual meeting of Buchanan was orderedheld at the school house No. 6 in the town of Kaukauna. It wasordered that all that part of Embarrass lying in township 22, range15, be set off and become a new town to be called Liberty. The firstmeeting was ordered held at the school house in district No. 1 ofthe town of Embarrass. At this session there was'quite a sharp dis-cussion over the boundaries of Embarrass. It was finally concludedthat Liberty should be all that part of Embarrass in township 22,range 15, and all of township 23, range 15, and east of Embarrassriver. Remonstrances against the change of the name of Medinato Dale were received. The board took steps to have prepared correctmaps of every town in the county. The committee on jail andcounty buildings reported substantial progress. The finance com-mittee reported having examined the accounts of Charles A. Grig-non, former county treasurer, and had found them in fair condition.

In its session January, 1858, the county board effected a finalsettlement between Charles A. Grignon, late county treasurer ofthe county of Outagamie. Anson Ballard, the deputy, made a fullreport, accounted for every dollar of public funds, and delivered thebooks and papers with clean hands. There had been much com-



plaint over the management of the county treasurer's affairs, butMr. Ballard showed that under him any complaint was whollyunfounded.

Late in January it was announced that a new republican paperwas soon to be issued in Appleton. The old Free Press under Bradyand others had died and this apparently was a new attempt of therepublicans to secure a permanent organ in this county.

The Dutch settlers road and the bridges across the creeks wereconstructed in a hurry. This road was greatly desired by Appletonowing to the fact that when once opened it would attract here thetrade of one hundred farmers living in that direction.

At this time Congress passed a bill for the relief of settlersupon certain public lands in Wisconsin. These lands were grantedto aid the improvement on the Fox and Wisconsin rivers and werethus sold or contracted to be sold; and were by this new law con-signed to the state and the title of purchasers was declared to be asvalid as though the selection had been made in conformity to thelaw.

On March 26, 1858, the old settlers held a complimentarymeeting at the National Hotel in honor of Dr. S. A. Beach andlady who were about to move to Kansas. Nearly forty couplesassembled and listened to speeches and enjoyed a bountiful supper.Henry L. Blood presided and on behalf of the meeting presentedDr. Beach with a morning gown and slippers. The doctor respondedwith much feeling. He stated that he had been here nine yearsand that his intercourse with the people had been pleasant thoughsometimes exacting and severe. He arrived at Appleton in June 5,1849, and found the only hotel in the place was the Edgarton barn,and the only means of access thereto without wading in water wasa foot-bridge affording a safe footing to dryer ground. EmmonKelly was cook at the hotel. The doctor said: "I have had thepleasure of aiding according to my limited means every arrangementand every meeting of possible interest calculated to benefit Apple-ton. I have been present at nearly every celebration or meetingof public interest that has ever been held here, and the remainsof an only brother fill the oldest grave in your cemetery." Theguests presented Mrs. Beach with a reticule filled with implements.President Cooke replied on behalf of Mrs. Beach to the address ofW. S. Warner. Resolutions regretting the departure of Dr. Beachand his wife were passed.

In March a bill was pending in the legislature to submit to avote of the people the division of Calumet County in order to allowa couple of towns to be attached to Outagamie county. Bills werealso pending for a resurvey of Appleton and for amendments to thecity charter.

The city engineer of Appleton was authorized by the Legislaturein 1858 to make a survey and map of the city as follows: Whereverthe boundaries of lots, blocks or streets or any part of said city whichis now platted or purports to be platted are uncertain or the land-marks effaced, he shall establish such boundaries and renew such


landmarks according to the latest plat of such part as the same

appears in the office of register of deeds of the county of Brown or

Outagamie wherever such plat is deficient in not showing anything

required by law to be shown, he shall supply such deficiency in

the map to be made by him; but he could not change records nor

landmarks. The map was to represent the whole of sections 25, 26,

27, 34, 35 and 36, town 21 north, range 17 east, and could show

outlots.It was announced in April, 1858, that information from Hol-

land had arrived to the effect that 100 families there had embarked

and would come to settle in the vicinity of Little Chute. These

inhabitants were welcomed because they were sure to make good

citizens. Excellent lands in Center, Freedom, Kaukauna and Bu-

chanan were open for their selection.It was reported that 1,000 immigrants had just been landed

in New York and that 500 of them were on their way to the Green

Bay settlement which included Outagamie county. At this time

the county boasted of its German population. Men of that nation-

ality made settlements here and were fast becoming Americanized.

In the town of Bovina there was a pigeon roost seven miles

long by two or three miles wide. Millions of pigeons roosted there

and often settled in such large numbers on trees as to break them

down. Thousands were killed for sport and for the boiling pot.

The contract for building a foundation wall for the courthouse

was let in August to Joseph Stowe for $170.The equalized assessment of the county in 1858 was $1,511,130.

The assessment in the city of Appleton in 1858- was as follows: First

ward, $132,415; Second ward, $185,796; Third ward, $137,669;total of personal and real property, $455,880. The year before the

aggregate assessment footed up $135,000; there was thus a gain of

$320,000 in a single year.In September the suit of Henry Hewett against the town of

Grand Chute for $9,000 of plank road bonds which the town refused

to recognize as legally issued, was decided against the plaintiff. The

suit of Elisa Morrell against the University of Lawrence for a lot

on the Lawrence tract was decided in favor of the plaintiff. Both

cases were sent back to the circuit court for future proceedings.

By a decision of the supreme court Samuel Ryan, Jr., was

denied the right to the office of clerk of the court and C. A. Hamer

his opponent of November, 1858, was installed in his place. This

decision was based upon the opinion that Outagamie county should

not join its forces with, nor be influenced by, any county or terri-

tory attached merely for political purposes, as was Shawano.

In November, 1858, O. P. Peebles, a citizen of the town of

Ellington, was accidentally drowned at Stephensville. He was get-

ting out logs at the mill when he was accidentally precipitated into

the pond, but in falling was stunned so that he immediately sank

and did not rise again.At the annual meeting of the county board in November, 1858,

the following action was taken: W. H. P. Bogan was elected chair-


man. The petition of Antoine Smith and sixty others and of N. B.Des Marteau and others prayed that the town of Buchanan mightbe reattached to the town of Kaukauna, and that of Nicholas Beau-lieu and forty-seven others against such reunion were received.

At this session so much of the town of Freedom as was em-braced in towns 23 and 24, range 18, and all that part of town 24,range 19, west of the Oneida reserve was set off and made a separatetown called Osborn. The first town meetings were ordered held atthe house of Robert McNab.

The boundaries of Embarrass and Liberty were so changed thatin the latter was included all that part of town 22, range 15, northof Wolf and the two south tiers of sections in town 23, range 15,leaving to Embarrass all of town 23, range 15, north of the sectionline south of sections 19 and 24, inclusive, and all of town 24, range15. Elections in Embarrass were ordered held in the schoolhouseat Maple Creek. At this session the name of the town of Medinawas changed to Dale; later this change was left to the voters to bedecided.

At the session of January, 1859, a committee was appointedto see where a county poor-farm of not to exceed 320 acres couldbe procured. It was also resolved that at the next town meetingthe question of whether the county seat should be changed to thecenter of the county would be submitted to a vote of the citizensof all the towns.

It was at this time that Shawano county desired a separateorganization. Its courthouse and county buildings were erected andready for use and it desired to be separated from Outagamie county.In the discussion over the change in the county government, manyadvocated the retention of the supervisor system, while the Crescenttook the other side and favored a change.

Early in 1859 it was stated that the people living northwestof Fox river in Brown county desired to be annexed to Outagamiecounty. They complained that they were continually in troubleabout their school districts, one district lying in three different towns,and in consequence were put to great annoyance and expense.

The proposition current in the state in January to abolish theexisting system of county boards of supervisors and the substitutiontherefor of three county commissioners, was at first well receivedby the people of this county. It was believed such a change wouldbe a saving to the counties and the state.

The people of Dale, Hortonia, Embarrass and Liberty townsand a number of towns in Waupaca county agitated the subjectof forming a new county. The Crescent fought this movement,alleging that the towns of these counties which desired to be separatedwould find themselves in a much worse condition afterward thanat present should the project be carried into execution. Every townin Shawano county desired to join the proposed new county.

In February, 1859, a new saw-mill was built at New London.That village at this date began to grow quite rapidly, because itwas believed it would become the seat of justice of the new county


which was proposed to be organized. Hortonville and Mukwa wererivals for county seat honors in the proposed new county, the nameof which was to be Menominee.

In March there was promise of a prosperous maple sugar season.Many who owned groves of maple trees prepared to go into thewoods. The Crescent editor said: "Long ago we used to plod overseven or more miles ,of mud ever so deep to enjoy a ladle of warmsugar or a pull at a handful of wax. Fine fun may be had at oneof those old-fashioned bark-covered log camps."

Persons who had pre-empted claims on the sections of the Foxand Wisconsin Improvement Company's lands were notified to proveup by May 2, 1859, agreeably to the proclamation of PresidentBuchanan. Much of these lands had been cultivated several yearsand contained good buildings and other improvements.

The state road from Appleton to Shawano was laid out late inMay. The lines were run and an excellent route was found, Bing-ham and Foote established this road in which the people of Apple-ton and Shawano took a great interest.

In the apportionment of the drainage fund made by the schoolland commissioners in 1859, Outagamie county received $1,280.31

By April 30, it was known that the maple sugar product ofthe past spring was one of the best in the history of the new state.In Outagamie county more than twice as much was manufacturedas in any previous year. Had not the spring work interfered withthe business a much larger quantity would have been manufactured.

The drainage commissioners in June appropriated $100 for theHortonville and Appleton road: $100 for the Grieenville and Medinaroad west from Kling schoolhouse; $100 for the road on the southline of the Greenville school section and the Shawano road.

Bingham and Stone, two of the drainage commissioners forthis county, determined to devote their services to the Shawano andHortonville roads.

It was stated in June, 1859, by the Crescent that the largesttree so far as known to be cut down in Outagamie county was recentlyleveled on the farm of Mr. Raab in the town of Center. It wasa white oak and perfectly solid and measured seven feet throughits base; 50 feet from the ground was its first limb. The tree wasover 80 feet high and no doubt was the largest in the county.

The several roads which needed grading in July were one ofthe section line parallel with the courthouse and west of the plankroad; one in Grand Chute and Greenville bridging Mud creek; oneextending in the direction of Ball Prairie. It was stated that notless than $25,000 annually in trade would come to this city by theconstruction of the last named road. The sum of $250 was all thatwas necessary to complete this line and secure the trade. Merchants,manufacturers, millers, and all business men were publicly appealedto for funds to assist in completing these three lines.

The project of setting apart the drainage income funds belong-ing to the county to open and grade highways was received withfavor. It was thought to be the best way to drain the county lands.


In the meantime the county board, it was argued, should appropriatemoney for the improvement of the most important county roads.

In 1858 there was a short crop of nearly all products and rathera poor harvest in Outagamie county. However, the county raiseda handsome surplus of wheat. The wheat crop in this county wasnever surpassed; the berry was better than usual; the corn cropalso was unusually good. Oats and potatoes were fair; grass wasa light yield; but vegetables' were exceedingly good. Orchardsthroughout the county began to bear quite extensively and the homeproduct could be seen and purchased in the local markets. By themiddle of September the road from Appleton to Shawano was nearlycompleted in this county. Mr. Bingham assisted by C. W. Hopkinssuperintended the work.

In August, 1859, the Menasha and Appleton plank road wasreported in bad condition. In many places the planks were tornout and as a whole it was rough and dangerous. The Appleton andKaukauna plank road was in much the same condition. Great com-plaint was made and the town authorities were compelled to improvethe latter route. The plank road through the Third ward of Apple-ton was in an unsafe condition. On Court street in the Second wardthe plank badly needed relaying and there was required a railingfor the bridge on the ravine side to Lawrence street. In slipperytimes the bridge was dangerous. Greenville section line road westfrom the Courthouse was neglected and was also in bad condition.Near the toll-gate on the Menasha and Appleton plank road weresome half dozen very bad places in need of repair. There were goodroads to Freedom, Center, Hortonville and Dale. At the meetingin the Second ward to complete the ward schoolhouse every votewas cast in favor of the improvement. There was required an out-lay of about $10,000, but no one opposed the assessment and thecompletion of the house. The vote on the $25,000 loan to completethe railroad from Appleton to Oshkosh was heavily in favor of theproposition. Only 26 votes were polled against it.

There was a large quantity of swamp land held in this countyby non-residents and returned by the county treasurer as delinquent.About the middle of August, 1859, a large black bear was seen on theplank road near Mr. McGrath's. It was reported that two childrenout blackberrying were devoured by a bear, but this was not sub-stantiated. In November a special committee of the county boardreported in favor of a poorhouse and farm. The Motor in December,1859, asked what had become of the Outagamie County Agriculturalsociety, and recommended that it should be resurrected and that afair should be held in 1860. It was urged that the county was boundin the interests of its agricultural interests to hold such a fair.

In 1857, the Wolf river was navigable for steamers, also the Em-barrass, the Shioc branch of the Wolf and Black Creek, the upperbranch of the Shioc offered abundant facilities for the lumber trade.Duck Creek in the eastern part of the county ran across the OneidaIndian reserve and emptied into Green Bay. Appleton, Cedar Rap-ids, Little Chute, Kaukauna and Rapide Croche formed one vast and


almost continuous water power which never failed at any season ofthe year. The succession of rapids kept the stream free from iceno matter how severe the winter. The greater part of the county'was heavily timbered. Quantities of maple, basswood, beech, oak,hickory, butter-nut, elm, and poplar were found throughout the en-tire county, particularly in the southern part. In the north werepine and hemlock. By 1857 this timber already was considered avery valuable asset of the county. The soil was equal in productive-ness to any found in the west. Splendid wheat was raised through-out the entire county. Corn was not so reliable a crop but the otherscould be depended upon.

At the session of the county board in November 13, 1860, a fullrepresentation was present. W. H. P. Bogan was elected chairman.A motion to adjourn to the house of Thomas Hanna prevailed. Atthis meeting the inhabitants of Embarrass presented a petition tochange the name of that town to Maple Creek. Ryan & Ross werepaid $418 for printing. The district attorney was asked to renderan account of expenditures in the even section suits during the pastyear. The committee mentioned above reported an ordinance tochange the name of the town of Embarrass to that of Maple Creek.This ordinance was ordered published in the weekly newspapers ofAppleton. The county treasurer was required to furnish informa-tion relative to the drainage fund due this county. The board re-solved itself into a committee of the whole in order to examine thenew jail and county buildings. At this date also a resolution wasadopted appointing an investigating committee to examine the finan-cial affairs of the county and consider the official conduct of countyofficers. The construction of fireproof rooms for the county recordswas discussed and thoroughly considered. A special committeewhich had been appointed to ascertain who was entitled to the salaryof district attorney reported that upon investigation they had learnedthat Mr. Myers had succeeded in the courts in securing the right tothat office and accordingly a salary was due that lawyer. At thistime the inhabitants of Liberty petitioned the county board to changethe boundary between Liberty and Embarrass. It was referred to acommittee. The committee to examine the county jail having doneso reported the same satisfactory, though some suggestions as to im-provements of the yard, etc., were made. They found that the jailwas perfectly secure for the safe-keeping of prisoners. John P.Deidrich was licensed to keep a ferry over Fox river in section 23,town 21, range 18, in the town of Buchanan for the term of threeyears. A new seal for the clerk of the court was ordered obtained.The sum of $200 was appropriated to opening and working the townline road between Ellington and Centre and Greenville and GrandChute. The district attorney was allowed the sum of $400 per yearfor his services to the county. Attempts were made at this session,to procure the passage of a law to change the time of holding the No-vember term of the circuit court so that it would be held two weeksbefore or two weeks after the session of the county board. A taxof one mill on the dollar was ordered levied for school purposes


throughout the county for the year 1861. A tax of three mills forcounty purposes was ordered levied.

At the meeting of the citizens of the county held at the court-house January 28, 1860, pursuant to call, the county agriculturalsociety was duly reorganized. W. H. P. Bogan was elected chairmanof the meeting and J. S. Buck, secretary. Mr. Mason was appointedto draft a constitution. Nearly forty persons of different parts ofthe country signed the constitution and became members of thesociety. The officers for the ensuing year were as follows: W. C. P.Bogan, president; George Knowles, vice-president; James M. Phin-ney, secretary; and E. H. Stone, treasurer. A trustee was appointedfrom every town in the county and from each of the three wards ofAppleton. Preparations to hold a fair the coming autumn were dulymade.

In February the Crescent boasted that Outagamie county didnot have a single prisoner confined within the county jail, nor asmany paupers in the county as many villages elsewhere were re-quired to support. In 1860 there was pending in the legislature billsfor Appleton providing for the appointment of a street commissionerthereby requiring the city to keep the plank road and other high-ways in repair. Another bill proposed to annex the northwestern,tier of sections in the other county to Outagamie.

The act of March 19, 1860, amending the charter of Appleton,provided for the appointment of a street commissioner by the citycouncil. "The expenses of repairing and maintaining those partsof the roads from Appleton to Menasha, from Appleton to Kaukauna,and from Appleton to New London by way of College avenue, as liewithin the city limits, and of repairing and maintaining the bridgesacross the great ravine on Court street and College avenue and suchother bridges now or hereafter erected as the common council shallby ordinance direct, shall be paid from a fund to be known as the'road fund,' and a tax shall be levied annually on all the taxableproperty of the city for the purpose of such fund and paid out bythe treasurer only on orders drawn expressly on said fund."

In April, 1860, day after day the air was black with wild pigeons,and the hunters. of this locality killed them by the thousands. InMay a large chunk of lead ore was found in the garden of AldermanGilmore in Appleton. It was suggested that he could make use of itduring the next railroad war. During the year ending June 1, lessthan 2,500 pounds of wool were produced in Outagamie county.When the war came on many thought the production of wool wouldgrow less, but it steadily increased and during 1864-'65-'66, the busi-ness advanced enormously, scores of farmers engaging in that in-dustry in all parts of the county. The wool crop in 1866 was, inround numbers, 50,000 pounds. Wool growing paid double .theprofit of wheat growing and the labor was nothing in comparison.Farmers were urged to diversify their cr6ps. "More wool and lesswheat," was the cry. It was noted by the Motor in July that neverbefore were the crops generally so promising as they were that sea-son. Wheat of all kinds were excellent. Oats, potatoes and corn



were likewise good and garden truck was never better. From allparts of the country farmers brought in sample specimens of grainof enormous growth and yield.

A severe hailstorm which swept across the southern portion ofthe county in July, 1860, destroyed a large amount of standing grainand other property. In Grand Chute and Kaukauna hail stones aslarge as hen's eggs fell in large quantities. Windows by the hun-dreds were smashed. During the year excellent roads were builtthroughout the length and breadth of Greenville, the main thorough-fare extending westward from the courthouse. With the exceptionof a short strip beyond Mud creek in Grand Chute and another inGreenville the road furnished an excellent drive. This year Outa-gamie county raised a large surplus of nearly every crop thousandsof acres of wheat averaging between 20 and 30 bushels to the acre;corn very promising; hay the best for years; oat crop very heavy andpotatoes and garden vegetables abundant.

In 1860 more attention was being paid to orchards and theraising of fruit than at any previous time. A few fruit growerswere making considerable money. Theodore Conkey had an orchardwell worth visiting, and in Grand Chute B. B. Murch had another.In Greenville William Amos, S. J. Perry, M. R. Perry, Henry Pond,James Thompkins and others had large and valuable orchards justbeginning to bear.

In July, 1860, the agricultural society began making elaboratepreparations for the coming fair and cattle show. Late in August1860 several bears were seen in the vicinity of Appleton withintwo weeks. One of them, it was stated, took a supply of pork fromthe premises of Mr. Van Hoagley without asking permission for thesame. It was proposed in 1860 to hold periodical sales of farm stockat different points in the county from time to time as the marketseemed to demand. One was held at Little Chute in August andwas so successful that others were at once projected and the customwas adopted. During August that month there were two full moons,the first occurring on the first day and the second on the 31st day.

On September 29, 1860, the papers published as supplements afull and complete premium list of the approaching county fair.Fifteen classes constituted the premium list as follows: Cattle, horses,sheep, hogs, poultry, grain, vegetables, fruit, farm products, agricul-tural implements, harness and leather, domestic manufactures, suchas carpets, quilting, yarns, etc., flowers and house plants, needle workof all kinds and art work. The highest premiums offered were forthe best cattle and horses and amounted to $3. It was announcedthat the fair would be held on the park of Rev. Reeder Smith nearAppleton. The annual address was delivered by Prof. R. Z. Mason.The committee on arrangements consisted of the president, Mr. Bo-gan, the secretary, Mr. Phinney and George W. Spaulding, A. Fosterand A. B. Everts.

In the fall of 1860 apples were more plentiful aid cheaper thanever known here before. Many were grown here, but not enough to





supply the demand, accordingly large quantities came by barrel onthe steamers.

Early in September, 1860, the corn crop of Outaga.mie countywas seven times larger than it was the year before and more thantwice as large as during any previous year. The Agricultural societymet September 1 and made and passed the following resolution:"That this society hold a. county fair on Wednesday the 18th day ofOctober next on the grounds offered by Mr. Pierce in the Third wardof this city; that the chairman and secretary with three trustees tobe appointed by the chairman be a committee to prepare a premiumlist and to nominate committees on the several classes and report tothe trustees two weeks from today. Messrs. Nye, Pearson and Pack-ard were appointed to serve on this committee. At this date theMotor boasted of the many ideal farms to be found in Outagamiecounty. Every town had them and in some localities they werenumerous.

In 1860, Outagamie county began suit against the State tosecure the drainage income fund withheld by the state treasurer andthe court decided in favor of the county. The amount was between$1,300 and $1,400.

The County Fair in 1860, notwithstanding a pouring rain, wasa decided success. There was a goodly show in all departments, par-ticularly those of cattle, horses, sheep, swine, and calves. The me-chanical department was not represented. A splendid line of vege-tables was shown. The Fine Arts room was thronged all day, thedisplay being not only creditable but surprisingly good. ProfessorMason's address gave general satisfaction. This, the first fair held inOutagamie county and gotten up in a fortnight's notice, demon-strated what the county could do in this direction when it tried. InOctober, 1860, a stock fair was advertised to be held at Little Chute.and all the county were invited to attend.

In November, 1860, the officers and directors of the agriculturalsociety met, on which occasion the receipts at the fair were shownto have been $127.88. W. H. P. Hogan was continued as president;R. Z. Mason was chosen vice-president; John Stephens, secretary;and E. H. Stone, treasurer. The total amount paid out for prem-iums was $108.25. County orders were worth seventy-five cents onthe dollar, but in trade they passed at from eighty to ninety cents.On December 14, 1860, the county jail was destroyed by fire atabout 3 o'clock in the morning. The insurance was about $500.The fire supposed to have originated from the chimney.

"County Matters.-The county investigating committee hasbeen in session the past week and numerous witnesses have been ex-amined in reference to the management of county affairs. Untilthe report appears it is not probable that the public will learn any-thing important even if developments of consequence occur."-(Crescent, December 29, 1860.)

The county board in December, 1860, and January, 1861, trans-acted the following business: The courthouse was ordered repaired.The report of the county treasurer showed that the total receipts for


1860 were $45,881, less $6,338 on hand at the beginning. At thisdate the total liabilities of the county were $10,713, and the totalassets $15,988. A petition against the proposed divisionof Grand Chute town was received. A petition for thedivision of Center town was received. George H. Myers dis-trict attorney reported that the county was defendant in twenty-onecivil cases to set aside the taxes on what were known as the "evensections," two being in the Supreme Court. Several suits over thedrainage fund were also pending. The board refused to divide GrandChute and Center. A special committee appointed by the countyboard to investigate the affairs of the county and the official acts ofthe officers in December, 1860, reported at this session. They criti-cized the treasurer and clerk of the board and pointed out many ir-regularities in the treasurer's methods. Prisoners were ordered con-fined in the jail of Winnebago county. How to secure what Sha-wano county owed this county was considered. The board subscribedfor the two county papers and ordered copies sent to certain townofficials. Illegal tax certificates gave the board considerable trouble.Supervisor Bogan reported that the jail had "seceded" and recom-mended the construction of a new one. Steps to build a new countyjail to cost not over $4,000 were taken. At the June session, 1861,the council appropriated $1,000 for the relief of soldiers' families,the payments to be made upon the recommendation of aldermen,but not to families of officers.

In January, 1861, a postoffice was established in the town of Bu-chanan and John Brown was appointed postmaster. The office wassupplied by side mail from Kaukauna.

The county officers in January were as follows: George R.Wood, sheriff; J. S. Buck, under sheriff; C. A. Hamer, clerk of thecourt; J. F. Johnston, deputy clerk; J. Jewett, Jr., district attorney;Thomas McGillan, clerk of the county board; Samuel Ryan, Jr.,deputy clerk; Matthias Werner, county treasurer; John F. Johnston,his deputy; John Stephens, surveyor; H. W. White, coroner; Ste-phen Balliett, his deputy; H. Hills, register; H. Packard, deputy.The office of county judge was vacant. In March the contract tobuild a new county jail was awarded to Williamson & Bates for$4,530. It was designed to be one of the most substantial structuresof the kind in the state.

John Stephens, secretary of the County Agricultural Society,published the premium list for the fair of the coming fall. Thehighest premiums offered were $5 for the best cattle and horses. Thefair of 1860 was held under very unfavorable circumstances and waspartly mis-managed. The trustees determined that the coming fairshould be better.

In 1861, Jacob I. C. Meade was appointed notary public at Shi-octon. B. T. Morse owned the mill at that point and during thespring of 1861 sawed 300,000 feet of lumber andi about 80,000 shin-gles. He would have done a much larger business, but could notsecure enough workmen.





"The line of road of the Menasha and Kaukauna Plank RoadCompany including their roadbed between the village of Menashaand the east side of Fox river, at or near the Kaukauna rapids, sacalled, having been abandoned by said company; the same is herebydeclared and established as a public highway and subject to the man-agement and control of the towns in which the same lies, like otherhighways."-Approved April 13, 1861.

The trustees of the county agricultural society met in AppletonJune 22, 1861. W. H. P. Boga.n, president, presided. The followingresolution was passed, "That the president, secretary and treasurerbe and are hereby authorized to lease a portion of the college groundsnot less than five or more than fifteen acres for the purpose of fairgrounds for such term of years as they may be able to get it; thatthe executive committee obtain appropriations of money from thecounty and from the city of Appleton and from citizens for the pur-pose of clearing up and fencing such fair grounds as may be obtainedand preparing for the fair and expend the money for material soobtained for these purposes; that the fair be held on the first andsecond days of October." At this meeting committees for the dif-ferent classes of exhibits were appointed. The Agricultural Society-after an examination of various sites secured a fine tract of abouteight acres in the northern part of the Second ward by a lease for fif-teen years from David Kimball at a nominal rent. The society pre-pared to clear and fence the tract at once so as to be ready for the fairin October. In August the work was rapidly progressing; the struc-ture was nearly finished and nearly all the material was on hand forthe completion of the building.

In July, the county board districted the county as follows: Dis-trict No. 1-Appleton and town of Grand Chute, population 3,118;District No. 2-towns of Greenville, Dale, Hortonia, Ellington, Bo-vina, Liberty and Maple Creek, population 3,916; District No. 3-towns of Buchanan, Kaukauna, Freedom, Osborn and Centre, popu-lation 2,462.

At the meeting of the county board in July, 1861, the townassessment rolls were equalized. The county was divided into thefollowing supervisor districts. No. l-Appleton and Grand Chute;No. 2-Greenville, Dale, Hortonia, Ellington, Bovina, Liberty andMaple Creek; No. 3-Buchanan, Kaukauna., Freedom, Osborn andCenter. At this session the board recommended "to all public offi-cials to discontinue the practice of receiving paper money in pay-ment of public dues of any name or kind whatsoever" and to refuseto receive and discontinue the circulation of paper money and de-nounced generally all paper money circulated by banks of issue.

Early in September, all the citizens interested in the countyfair were asked to turn out with axes, picks, grub hoes and othernecessary implements to clear the ground and prepare it for the ap-proaching fair.

The second annual county fair was held October 1 and 2. Thefirst day was spent largely in preparation, but the second day waslargely attended although the hard rain of the preceding day drew

v s-s-ss§ ,Oas. ,> lx §S<SaSm i : -- EE-- EE::- --E- O::r : :' ::S:: : ::::: Ss- :s e:' ::, ft ; se:::::::::::::::::::0t's~~ B B"BsBStSB s ssesB*|s||s|s

E " ~yiv B*s"'B Y :E:Ss> *YYSS 'y:x. *xii:' :.:

iiiXS--ss*y'S* X y '** -p .- -- :-.-'-'''

m :0*SBf**B* BBB. B6B-----.. .-,

m 00a~ >W.|B< ....... .... . ..

m -,.sz ~ sBsB ~ ~ 6ex~s*6a*s

- s &Sy ::: c* D -ag a B l< gg E WXgg -,lg

I ygsg I gs~H2t ! m--0

> g BS. . , ' " ,*

,:: ,F 00<*BsigsB gggig tg9 g ygag B *>6g,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r 0 :·r* ggf 2 i if x::s ' --..: : ' .": :t::.:::::: : : ::: X : :k,:j :::::> N : :*: : *:>:6+ : :;:::: w::s : : ti :& l-:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

m 0000g.'f%'fg t %* 2 ,'.,'-,'"''"''''''''"'''''''''S'

O 0 0 0 # g f'-"'2BS ft '2 t _x ''''''' f''ii

mz t t *' .5B """'"'"" """""'"""'i0Ea ·, ,f,,:Y Y'ig ::*-Y.-,:*X>*6g2sfAxy*::'gBi""'::'":":-::-"'"""""".":'

::T:B::::::::::: ::'S::::::*:S: ::::X :::::::::>:::::X :s:S: s:: :::: S " ; s. '{

d ~ i B.S..Y'Bg.R ,.,..i'"".-'.-'.-----...-...

:::S: :::::::::: .::::R:*::>::::::::::: ::::'::::f:BH:'::9 ;<:X _ B ; X Y X :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

00 > i iai :>9 : >w s i : :.* >:X >x ::::::::

W~~: l 00Ygs BY''''""''"""""""""""'"'"

60E S.*: . ; 'f YB 9".:Y§f fS'''>*a*:S9 - :--

VW iE§Et' j..3 *: ·:~~.^Bf ..... $.>~ :.sBB§~f~>. 1 '.' 'SY

:::t:::::::--:::>:Y:::;::::::: S:::t::sx::::& ::::::>:: ::::::::XN:XS#::::::::::::::::::

W 00i~. g . B~B*ss~s Bs.gg,. j: r·I Siix-B .Xsg B x xx % iii

li i i ,igi !g01~~~~~~~F i

P ijxs. sE o . -


much from the attendance and interest. There was a better showof stock than the year before. Horses were exceedingly good. A fewexcellent cattle were shown. Working oxen were in evidence andmilch cows were especially fine. . An exhibit of sheep by Van deBogart was excellent. McGregor of Greenville took the first premiumon fine wooled sheep. The swine exhibits were not as good as ex-pected. At the Fine Arts Hall there was a display of ladies' needlework and other household products. The fruit shown was better thanexpected. Apples were shown in considerable quantity by WilliamAmos of Greenville, who raised this season over two hundred bushels,Pears, peaches, plums and grapes were shown in goodly quantity.Vegetables and domestic manufactures were largely in evidence. Thegrounds were not in as good condition as they should have been andthe members of the fair determined that by next year it would be inmuch better shape for a display. The officers of the society deservedand received great credit for this fair. At the county fair there wereawarded 124 different premiums to 65 persons aggregating inamount $183.25.

In December, 1861, the county board was petitioned to divideCenter town and create Black Creek which was to consist of townships23 and 24, range 17, the first meeting to be held at the house ofC. W. Hopkins. These petitioners were C. W. Hopkins, C. H. Fowle,Joseph Felio, John Berthier, Jerome D. Berthier, Frederick Packard,John Felio, Y. Felio, Wilson P. Berthier, George Welch and W. H.P. Bogan. The petition was granted. Drainage commissioners foreach town were appointed. It was ordered that the drainage fundshould be expended in the towns in proportion to the amount of tax-able swamp land therein. The duty of the commissioners was toexpend this fund. A resolution to appropriate $2,000 for the reliefof soldiers' families by certain men was tabled. Later efforts to passthis measure were also tabled; but still later $2,000 was appropriatedfrom the general funds for this purpose. Byron Douglas was chosendisbursing agent. Each family was to receive $2 and each child 75cents per month, none to be paid until after January 1, 1862, anduntil recommended by certain officials. The special committeegave the contract for the new jail and jailer's house to Bates and Wil-liamson for $4,738. The salary of county superintendent was fixedat $500 per annum. The Crescent and Motor were both paid forpublishing the proceedings of the county board. The finance com-mittee reported that the county owed $15,398, less $5,958 credits.The county treasurer's report showed that the receipts for the lastyear were $35,155 and the expenses the same less about $10,000 onhand.

In January, 1862, two men residing in Freedom were foundguilty of selling liquor to the Indians and were fined $25 each. Moredrunken Indians were seen in Appleton during the winter than everbefore and it was determined to put a stop to this state of affairs.Immense quantities of logs were hauled to this town by both ox andhorse teams from all parts of the upper country. They brought




good prices and found a ready sale. Evergreen and cedar posts alsobegan to make their appearance and found a prompt market here.

In February, a large meeting was held in Appleton in the inter-est of what was called the Military road. This was the highway de-signed to connect this community with the copper country of LakeSuperior. Many favored the project, but others could see no greatbenefit to be derived from its construction.

By February the new county jail was completed. It was pro-, nounced an excellent piece of workmanship, and was a secure placefor criminals. The jail proper was in the rear of the sheriff's house.Williamson and Bates erected the structure. The county now had agood jail, a good county building, but a poor courthouse.

The business of Wolf river in 1862 was more than double whatit had been in previous years. Close to Shiocton over 200,000 feet ofhardwood logs were cut. Mr. Knapp of Oshkosh cut over 100,000feet along Wolf river. There was over 1,000,000 feet of oak, ash,butternut, basswood and maple, worth about $3 per thousand feeton the bank.

The following is an estimate of the measurement of logs gottenout on the Shiocton river during the winter of 1861-2. Crowell ofOshkosh, 820,000 feet; Wing & Paine of Oshkosh, 900,000 feet;Farrer of Oshkosh, 500,000 feet; Hunkley of Oshkosh, 900,000 feet;Chase of Oshkosh, 400,000 feet; Choete & Bray of Oshkosh, 600,000feet; M. Fitzgerald of Oshkosh, 500,000 feet; Rumrey & Lawrence ofOshkosh, 500,000 feet; Simples & Grimmer, 200,000 feet; Scribnerof Fond du Lac, 1,000,000 feet; Turner & Company of Fond du Lac,150,000 feet; Danforth & Carter, 500,000 feet; Jordan & Morse ofShiocton, 1,200,000 feet; M. Donald & Co. of Fond du Lac,Morse of Shiocton, 1,200,000 feet; M. Donald & Co. of Fond du Lac,1,300,000 feet; A. Caldwell of Bovina, 150,000 feet; Clark & Com-pany of Eureka, 500,000 feet; others 150,000 feet; making a grandtotal of about 12,170,000 feet. Mr. Meede of Shiocton furnishedthese figures and declared they were correct.

This logging was done in townships 23, 24 and 25, range 16,-(Crescent, April 5, 1862.)

The state tax for Outagamie county in 1862 was $5,790. In1863 it was only $3,535.

The agricultural society met in June, 1862, and appointed thenecessary judging committee for the approaching fair. A plowingmatch was arranged. It was resolved that farmers and others whofelt disposed should be requested to meet on the fair grounds in Ap-pleton on the 20th of July, provided with teams and tools ready toassist in preparing the grounds for the fair. A committee was ap-pointed to solicit persons to become members of the' society. Thefirst and second days of October were fixed as the time for holdingthe fair.

In the fall, deer were very numerous in this county. They didconsiderable damage to fields. One farmer near Little Chute re-ported that they had destroyed nearly his entire orchard of youngtrees. Mr. Steffen of Osborn killed a large bear in that town late in


September, 1862. It weighed about 400 pounds. Several otherswere seen in that vicinity about the same date.

During the latter part of August, the citizens assembled in largenumbers with suitable implements to prepare the ground for the ap-proaching fair to be held in October.

The county fair held early in October, though creditable, wasnot as successful as the one of the previous year. The continuousheavy rains prevented a large assemblage and put a damper on theproceedings. The horse and cattle show was creditable, better in-deed than in 1861. There was a great and unexpected falling offin the display of fruits and vegetables.

A. B. Jackson delivered an address and Senator Hudd read apoem. In October many wolves came to the county apparently fromfurther north and killed many sheep and other domestic animals.One killed seven sheep belonging to Mr. Brouillard of Grand Chute,and also killed animals for several citizens in Freedom.

In 1862 the Legislature assisted the Outagamie county agricul-tural society with an order upon the state treasurer pursuant to thegeneral laws of 1858.

In 1862 the Legislature authorized the establishment of a stateroad from Little Kaukauna in Brown county into the town of Free-dom, Outagamie county, until it should intersect the Appleton andOneida road.

In June, 1862, the county board voted to allow soldiers' familiesto continue to draw their regular monthly allowances in cases wherethe soldiers had been discharged on account of sickness. The Cres-cent was made the official newspaper of the city. G. H. Myers wasappointed city attorney. Steps to punish drunkenness were taken.

In November, 1862, the county board duly considered the en-rollment lists which had just been prepared; also the names of volun-teers who had gone to war from every town of the county. B. Doug-las, trustee of the volunteer fund, reported having paid out $1,855.25and on hand $144.75. Reports of drainage fund commissioners werereceived and considered and their line of official conduct was pre-scribed and regulated. There was ordered levied for 1862 the sumof $9,000 for the purpose of paying the bounty of $50 to volunteers;.full provision for the expenditure of this "volunteer bounty fund"was made. The county treasurer's report showed an indebtednessof $8,129, and resources of $12,432.

In December, 1862, the county board appointed a committeeto examine and revise the enlistment and enrollment lists; theyfound numerous errors which were pointed out; the former assess-ment rolls were found full of errors.

In 1863, the Assembly passed a joint resolution asking the Gov-ernment to make a grant of land for the construction of a wagonroad from Copper Harbor, Michigan, to Appleton, Wisconsin. TheMichigan Assembly had already passed a similar resolution.

In 1863 the Legislature vacated the following blocks in the vil-lage of Hortonville: Numbers 5, 6, 7, 10, 16 and 19, but gave per-


sons who had already bought lots therein the right to describe themas parts of such blocks.

Late in January the people of Outagamie county welcomed thefirst heavy snow of the winter. Soon the streets were lined withsleighs and the jingling of bells was incessant. It continued snowingfor several days, but later turned into a heavy rain to the disgust ofeverybody. County orders were worth 95 cents on the dollar.

Late in January the Crescent observed that never within thememory of the oldest inhabitant at Appleton had such a mild andopen winter been seen in this section of the state. The winter, weekafter week, resembled October instead of January. The want of snowwas a great hindrance to business of all kinds. So accustomed werethe people here in winter time to heavy snow that they were at aloss without it and scarcely knew how to carry on business opera-tions.

In January the following county officers were duly installed:H. E. Murphy, sheriff; C. A. Hamer, clerk of the court; E .B. Clark,district attorney; A. B. Brouillard, treasurer; Chas. Grunert, clerkof the county board; John Stephens, surveyor; Stephen Balliet, cor-oner; P. H. O'Brien, register.

There was a general demand for a county poor-farm. It wasexpected that during 1863 fully $2,500 would be spent for the reliefof poor persons in this county. It was argued that it would be a greatsaving to the county to purchase a poor-farm instead of being obligedto rent out the poor persons to private individuals for a consideration.The county wag out of debt, its bonds and orders were almost equalto par and why not build a poor-house and own a poor-farm at once,it was asked.

At an adjourned session of the county commissioners, held inJanuary, 1863, the salary of the district attorney for the year wasfixed at $300. At this session numerous bills were presented for serv-ice "in guarding the county jail to prevent the Greenville Dutch fromkilling the Indian." At this term George H. Myers addressed thecounty board in a communication stating that in .order that thewidow of John Jewett, Jr., might have the benefit of his full salaryfor the period of his election he would relinquish any claim he mighthave for services as district attorney during that period. The boardat this session passed a resolution requesting all persons who hadclaims on bounties for volunteers should file their claims with theclerk of the county board at an early day. Thomas McGillan, formerclerk of the county, board. was ordered to deliver to Charles Grunert,his successor in office, all documents, papers, etc., belonging to thatoffice. It was further resolved by this board that in all cases wheremarried volunteers had not filed their claim for bounty by the secondMonday in February that the chairman and clerk of the board shouldbe authorized to draw orders for the benefit of the families of suchvolunteers without any further action on their part.

In February, 1863, the officers of the agricultural society metat the courthouse and W. H. P. Bogan made his report. The followingpersons were appointed to prepare the premiums for the coming year:



E. H. Stone, J. M. Phinney, D. H. Heath, Louis Perrot and R. Pear-son. The time for holding the fair in 1863 was set for the first andsecond days in October. The full set of premiums was duly providedinto classes.

Early in February Senator Hudd introduced a memorial in thelegislature requesting the government to grant lands for building awagon road from Appleton to Copper Harbor.

It was stated in February that farmers were now enjoying bet-ter times than they had ever experienced before in this county.They received better prices for timber, logs, lumber, wood, wheat,corn, oats and vegetable products than ever before. It was humor-ously stated that the bankers would have to look to their laurels orthe farmers would supersede them as financiers. The Crescent saidin this connection: "When that big event does occur the printer willundoubtedly be remembered and the old score will be wiped out.Success to true progress."

Early this year many families came from Ohio and settled inthis county. They were welcomed because they were consideredwell-informed on the duties of American citizenship. In the springbusiness of all kinds in this county was unusually active. The factor-ies and mills ran day and night and could not supply their customers.Mr. Fairbanks secured large quantities of fruit trees elsewhere andbrought them here for sale. From him many families secured thenucleus of their orchards. Many of these -trees are standing to thisday.

In June, 1863, eighty acres of wild unimproved land in Green-ville sold for $1,200. This was much more than people generallyhad any idea it was worth. But the growth of the town warrantedsuch valuation. It was noticed that the Canada thistle had made itsappearance in Appleton and in other parts of the county. The peoplewere urged to destroy this pest at once. It was noted in August,1863, that not a single unoccupied dwelling was to be found in thecity of Appleton. This proved how extensively the city grew in afew years. In August black squirrels and coons were swarming inthe woods of Outagamie county and considerable quantities of cornwere destroyed by these animals. It was stated that a general huntshould be organized to rid the county of the pests.

In 1863 the crops in Outagamie and Brown counties were un-usually light owing to the late spring frosts.

The county fair in October was a success. The principal speechat the opening was delivered by Senator Hudd. It was a powerfulappeal to farmers and others to organize for their own mutual benefitand advancement. The cattle show was unusually good. A numberof splendid draft teams were there. The sheep exhibit was betterthan ever. Hogs weighing as high as 400 pounds were shown; theywere of the Suffolk breed. Choice butter, maple sugar, preserves,wines, pickles, etc., were better than ever before. There was someconfusion, yet on the whole the fair was pronounced a success. F. W.Brown of Appleton raised three barrels of apples from trees he had


set out five years before. Apples grown in Outagamie county wereseen in considerable quantities at this time in all the local markets.

In October, 1863, was a great rush at Appleton and vicinity forthe pineries. The high price of lumber induced all capitalists whocould to invest extensively in standing timber and in lumber in theshape of logs. The result was that there was an enormous demandfor men and teams to cut down the trees and to market the logs.The papers compared the event to the rush for the gold field ofCalifornia or Pike's Peak. A single yoke of oxen sold for as highas $145 so great was the demand for ox teams in the pineries.

The county board at its November session, 1863, had the follow-ing proceedings: The drainage fund commissioners throughout thecounty reported and presented their bills which usually were allowed.The committee which was appointed to superintend the payment ofbounties to volunteers reported that they had paid out to volunteersor their order the sum of $7,923.36 and the amount yet subject tobe called for was $1,076.64. On motion the chairman was author-ized to pay to the father of William Cornelius (a volunteer in Cap-tain Wood's company who had died in the service) the $50 bountydue him from the county. Charles Grunert was allowed $50 for hisservice as committee in paying out the volunteer bounty funds. Atthis session county orders to the amount of over $15,000 were pub-licly destroyed. The salary of the superintendent of schools of thecounty was fixed at $400. The county treasurer's report was renderedat this session. All the county buildings were ordered insured. Thecounty board passed a resolution organizing itself 'as a committee ofthe whole to visit Green Bay during the drafting of the enrolled menand to report their observations later to the public in this county.The board then proceeded to make sufficient levy of taxes to meetthe expenses of the coming year. At a later meeting the supervisors,having attended the draft for this county held at Green Bay, re-ported that the draft was fairly conducted; that they witnessed thedrawing and that they were treated courteously by the draft com-missioners. The total indebtedness of the county at this date was$7,978 and there was on hand to meet this a total of $9,409.

An adjourned session of the county board was held in January,1864. Drainage fund commissioners of several towns who had failedto report at the December meeting appeared and filed their reports.Committees were appointed at this meeting to examine the accountsof several county officers who had failed to make satisfactory reports.Pressure was brought to bear upon the county board at this time toinduce them to appropriate $15,000. additional to be used as boun-ty for volunteers. There was considerable objection to this step andthe board refused to take action.

The Legislature provided for an equal division of the SwampLands and of the swamp land funds between the drainage and nor-rmal school funds. The school and land commissioners divided thefund and gave the bulk of it to the normal school. This did notsatisfy the people in districts that required drainage. Considerable


complaint arose in this county over the management of the drainagefund.

Early in February the treasurer of the agricultural society re-ported an expenditure of $257.55 for 1863, having paid $212.25 inpremiums. In February a meeting of the fruit growers of Outa-gamie county was held in the courthouse in Appleton under theauspices of the County Fruit-Growers' Association.

The heaviest snow fall which ever occurred to Appleton up todate fell early in February. This one fall of snow by actual measure-ment was 23 inches on the level. There had been several falls before,much of which was yet on the ground so that the snow in the woodswas fully three and one-half feet on the level.

In March the fruit growers of Outagamie county met at thecourthouse and organized a Fruit Growers' Association, by the, elec-tion of R. Pearson president, L. L. Knox secretary, and GeorgeKnowles treasurer. Prof. Knox was appointed to prepare a consti-tution and by-laws. Mr. Pearson announced that he had for freedistribution a quantity of Lawton blackberry bushes. The meetingdiscussed the subjects of apples, pears and other similar topics anddisbanded to meet again in April. It was now announced by JohnDietzen president, C. D. Cruse treasurer and John H. Heinz and JohnProbst committee, all of Buchanan, that a public stock fair wouldbe held during 1864 in that town on the folowing dates: The firstMonday in March, May, October and December. Exhibitors and pur-chasers were cordially invited to be present. The fair was announcedto be held at the house of Louis Gass.

In March a bill was introduced in the legislature providing forthe construction of a state road from Wausau via Waupaca, NewLondon and Hortonville to Appleton. The bill provided that allthe swamp land not exceeding in value $10,000, in a strip of sixmiles wide along the line should be donated for the construction ofthe road, provided the towns through which the road passed shouldraise an equal amount.

It was stated in April, 1864, that thousands of acres of valuabletimber lands owned by Eastern holders who were too stingy or toounwise to hire an agent td look after their property, ladbeen stripped of nearly all their valuable timber by unscrupulousmen during past winter. Many tracts in Outagamie county sufferedfrom these raids. Timber had become a source of great wealth andholders were expected to look out for this property the same as forany other.

The maple sugar crop of 1864 was light. However, sugar was sohigh that a considerable effort was made to secure a large output ofmaple sugar and molasses. The maple sugar yield was unusuallylight, owing to the rainy weather, it was thought.

Green Bay was anxious to secure a military road leading north-ward to Lake Superior and thus cut Appleton out of that desirableoutlet. This was an improvement Appleton had long desired.


About the first of May, county orders were worth approximatelypar. As there was less than $5,000 in orders outstanding the finan-cial condition of the county was never better.

The act of March 18, 1864, authorized the chairman and clerkof Greenville to sign and countersign town orders and bonds not toexceed $3,600 issued in payment of bounties or of repayment ofmoney applied to the payment of bounties to soldiers.

In April, 1864, the Legislature legalized the proceedings of ameeting held February 1, 1864, in the town of Hortonia for thepurpose of raising bounties to volunteers and other purposes. Thelaw had not been fully complied with, but nevertheless all the pro-ceedings were legalized.

By aspecial committee appointed for that purpose trees were setout on the county grounds which were made as attractive as possible.At this time the river bridge in the Second ward was dangerous anddemands that it should be fixed at once were made.

"The weather is piping hot and not a drop of rain reaches thisparched earth. It would seem that the suffering ground would soonburn, but it is useless to hope for any kind of grain."- (Crescent.)Numerous fires in different parts of the county swept through thewoods, destroying rails, logs and other valuable property. Not adrop of rain fell for several months. Undoubtedly the epidemic ofsickness was caused by this state of affairs. The first rain in threeor four months occurred late in June, 1864, but came too late to savemuch of the crops.

"Never since Outagamie was organized into a county have thefinances been in such excellent condition. County orders are worthdollar for dollar and are far preferable to much of the bank trashstill in circulation among the people. The books of the county offi-cers were never kept in neater or better condition. It is a matter ofcongratulation to the citizens. Outagamie can freely challenge com-parison in the foregoing respect with any county in the state. Ourcounty expenditures are low; it is seldom that our jail has an in-mate.'-(Crescent, July 2, 1864.) In July Hortonville was visitedby a severe thunder storm. Wind, rain and hail fell in that vicinity.Immense damage was done to every industry.

The fair in September 1864 was not a complete success althoughby no means a failure. The interest of the people was so taken upby'the approaching draft that there was a poor attendance and littleconcern shown. However, there was a fair display of livestock. Manyfine vegetables were exhibited, particularly potatoes. The fine artsdepartment was meagerly represented. The ladies of the city didlittle or nothing owing to the paramount interest taken in the workof raising funds for the sanitary commission. Fruit. was exhibitedby Messrs. Carver and Cooley. President Mason delivered the prin-cipal address. The list of premiums offered by the Agricultural So-ciety was published in the papers. The aggregate amount paid wasnearly $200.

At the session of the county board in November, 1864, the fol-lowing proceedings were had: The reports of the swamp land com-


missioners were received and considered; the register of deeds wasauthorized to secure a seal for his office; the salary of the clerk ofthe county board was fixed at $800 annually; that of the district at-torney at $400; that of the county treasurer at $1,100. The commit-tee appointed to superintend the expenditure of the volunteer fundreported that they had paid out such fund to 178 volunteers at $50each, total $8,900. The tax raised amounted to $9,000, leaving thuson hand $100. At this time the county board was paying bountiesof $10 for wolf scalps. They paid to Elijah Humes in June, 1864,$50 for five wolf scalps. At this meeting the board levied a tax of$7,000 for county purposes $2,858 for school purposes; $7,367 forstate purposes, and a sufficient amount to pay the county officers'salaries.

In December, 1864, George McDonald of Appleton rented Beau-lieu's sawmill in the town of Buchanan and employed a force oftwenty men in the country adjacent to the mill in getting out finelogs, railroad ties, and fence posts. The heirs of John Enright suedthe county for the destruction of their property at Grand Chute andsecured a judgment amounting to nearly $700. The county madeno defense except to show the actual value of what had been de-stroyed. The annual drainage fund apportionment for Outagamiecounty amounted annually to from $2,000 to $2,500. The followingwere the county supervisor districts established in 1865: First dis-trict, City of Appleton and the towns of Grand Chute and Buchanan;Second District, the towns of Dale, Hortonia, Liberty, Maple Creek,Bovina and Greenville; Third District, the towns of Ellington,Black Creek, Centre, Osborn, Freedom and Kaukauna. On July 4,1865, one of the severest rainstorms ever known in this county vis-ited Appleton. Hail fell in considerable quantity and the crops suf-fered severely.

The Appleton Petroleum Company elected R. Z. Mason, presi-dent; W. H. Lanphear, secretary; J. S. Buck, treasurer. Their shareswere fixed at $30 each and were limited to 100. The act of April 8,1865, incorporated the Outagamie Petroleum Company with capitalstock fixed at $30,000 and shares at $30 each. The Union Petro-Ieum Company elected the following officers: S. H. Whittlesey,president; John S. Lester, secretary; E. C. Goff, treasurer.

The petroleum discovery led to other investigations and coppermasses were found here and there throughout the county and otherswere reported to have been found in years past. It was believed bysome at this time that the Oneida reservation in the town of Free-dom rested upon a vast bed of copper ore which-was a continuationof the copper range of Lake Superior. It was claimed that scientificmen had stated that in all probability lower Fox river was full ofcopper. These reports may have been circulated to induce strangersto come here for permanent settlement.

The election of town officers of Bovina held April 4, 1865, waslegalized by the Legislature in May, 1865, to remedy the defect thatthe supervisors of election were not sworn as such inspectors as pro-vided by law.



Machinery was ordered from Pennsylvania. Another companycalled the Appleton Petroleum Company was organized a little later.Among its stockholders were R. Z. Mason, C. Pfennig, A. L. Smith,W. S. Warner and B. Douglas. Four hundred shares of stock weresubscribed at $30 each and twenty per cent was paid in. The UnionPetroleum Company of Appleton was started about the same time.They secured territory within two or three miles of Appleton. GreenBay Petroleum Company was organized soon afterward and securedfive acres of land near the famous gas well, for which $1,000 waspaid. The company secured machinery and prepared for operation.The Outagamie Petroleum Company was organized in June. Theysecured ground at Kaukauna where there were strong indications ofgas and petroleum. The Appleton Gas Light Company which hadthe powers of a petroleum company talked of organizing and boringin search of petroleum. The Neenah Petroleum Company backedby capitalists from Milwaukee and Chicago, leased ten acres of ElihuSpencer and bound themselves to begin boring within thirty days.They were located near the famous Roudebush gas well. During thespring strangers kept flocking into Appleton owing to the petroleumexcitement. In May there was a constant stream of visitors to thewell of the Northwestern Company. House room was so scarce it wassuggested that newcomers should bring their tents.

During the spring of 1865 Appleton continued greatly excitedover the formation of petroleum companies and the boring of severalwalls with the hope of striking oil. It was announced that a wellsunk near Roudebush's gas well showed strong indications of petro-leum; but this was later shown to be a joke. Early in May the Ap-pleton Northwestern Petroleum Company was organized by the elec-tion of John Tibbits for president, H. L. Blood, secretary; C. G. Ad-kins, treasurer. Ten acres were secured of S. J. Roudebush; alsoten acres were leased on the opposite side of the road from E. Spencer.

By the summer of 1865 the cattle fairs held in Outagamie countyhad become famous for the good they were accomplishing in makingexchanges and in improving the breeds of stock. In May, 1865, thecounty agricultural society met to discuss the expediency of havingregular cattle fairs on market days. The business men of Appletonbecame interested and promised substantial aid. Farmers generallywere interested. The design was to bring in live stock of all kindsfor sale and exchange. This enabled farmers to improve their stockbecause they could get better prices.

The census taken in June, showed that the county had a popu-lation of 11,753; in 1860 it had 9,587. Kaukauna showed a loss of28; Center an increase of 449, Black Creek being included in Centerin 1860. Appleton showed an increase of 321.

The Fruit Growers Association met at the court house July 15,and exhibited many excellent specimens of fruit grown in this coun-try. There were shown gooseberries, raspberries, pieplant, etc. Itwas stated at this meeting that owing to the severity of the winter of1863 many fruit trees in this county were killed, and that thereforethe orchards needed replenishing. A committee of five was appointed





to visit different parts of the county and make a report on the hardyvarieties and those which could not stand the climate.

Late in November, the Stock Fair and Market Day' at Appletonhad the largest crowd ever brought together since the society was in-stituted. The only complaint made was that purchasers were toofew, which fact tended to run down prices. Several yoke of workingoxen were sold at high prices. The long Indian Summer in the fallof 1865 was terminated about December 1st by a sharp snow squallaccompanied by piercing cold weather.

It was urged in September, 1865, that the cheese makers of thecounty should organize for the purpose of improving their products.It was argued that more factories should be established in order toutilize the large amount of milk and cream being wasted throughoutthe county. Already in many localities farmers had combined inlocalities several miles square and established such factories. Thepastures were excellent; in fact no better grazing country could befound. There was no reason why this county should not excel indairy products of all kinds. A hundred cows, it was stated, war-ranted the establishment of such a factory.

At the November session of the county board in 1865 the fol-lowing proceedings were had: It was shown that the county owed$4,745, but had on hand cash and securities worth $11,836; the sal-ary of the county superintendent was fixed at the miserly sum of$400 per annum, an amount wholly insufficient to pay the expensesof that official; J. D. Kimball received a wolf bounty of $30; $160was appropriated to secure the painting of the courthouse; the usualtax was levied upon county property; the total amount received bythe county treasurer in 1865 was $43,887 less $2,571 on hand at thebeginning of the year; the expenses of the county were $43,887 less$1,983 on hand. At the close of the year the debits of the treasurywere $2,817 and the credits $10,780, leaving in the treasury $7,963.

The Legislature in 1866 authorized the construction of a stateroad from Appleton to Stockbridge; Edward West of Appleton, wasone of the commissioners. At the same time a state road from Ap-pleton to the United States military road in Calumet county wasordered established; 'Z. C. Fairbanks, M. H. Lyon and Peter Diehlwere the commissioners. At this date, also, a state road was orderedestablished from Appleton to Maple Grove in Manitowoc county,James Gilmore, M. H. Lyon and B. S. Loragin being the commis-sioners.

An act of 1866 it was made the duty of the county treasurer topay over to the town treasurers, when collected, the five per cent de-linquent fees for collection, included in the delinquent list or returnof unpaid taxes from such towns; the fund was to be disbursed as partof the school money.

It was repeated in the Appleton papers in January, 1866, thatcheese factories in the southern part of the state were the means ofincreasing the value of farms where they were located $10per acre. This was stated to be a fact by the Fond du Lac Reporter.


PART 1 - Fox Valley Memory

Documents

Transcript of PART 1 - Fox Valley Memory