In a complicated landscape:

Where does biofortification fit?

Intervention Grade

Vitamin A supplementation 12-59 months A

Vitamin A supplementation 6-11 months B

Vitamin A supplementation of women F

Iron/folic acid supplementation of women D-

Iron supplementation of pre-school F

Iron supplementation of school-age C

Zinc supplementation (therapeutic) C-

Zinc supplementation (preventative) F

Intervention Grade

Iodine fortification of salt B+

Iron, folic acid, zinc fortification of staples B-

Vitamin A fortification of staples C+

Timely initiation and exclusive breastfeeding D

Complementary feeding D-

Dietary diversification D-

Emerging technologies ?

Complicated landscape …. but:

•There remain huge gaps

•Very little improvement in diets:

•Of general population

•Of most vulnerable

•Failure to deliver to women (and therefore to -9 – 0 months)

•Failure to deliver at scale (with some notable exceptions)

Putting biofortified crops on the landscape:

•Deliver impact at scale (Howdy’s #1 and #2)

•Financial and human resources

•“Know your epidemic, know your response”

•Who needs what interventions where

•Who is being reached with what where

•Agriculture-based interventions have the potential to be transformational far beyond nutrition