Paddy cultivation presentation - christie alwischristiealwis.com/Knowledge...
Transcript of Paddy cultivation presentation - christie alwischristiealwis.com/Knowledge...
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Paddy Cultivation in Sri Lanka
By
Mr. G.D.U Jayawardena
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Origin of rice plant
Evidence says in China or in India
Species
22 species are documented in the world
- 20 wild species and 2 cultivated species
• 2 cultivated species are » Orysa sativa (L.)
Orysa glaberima (stedu)
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Available species in Sri Lanka
5 wild rices- O. nivara- O. ruffiphogon- O. risomatics- O. echingari
- Cultivated species• O. sativa
Groupindica
Distribution of rice in Sri Lanka
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Rice Extent...
Sri Lanka - 730,000 ha
Dry & Intermediate - 610,000 ha
Wet Zone - 120,000 ha
Agro Ecology
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Districts
66WL1a,WL2b,K’galle73WL1a, WL2aMatara
59WL1a, WL2aRathnapura66WL1a, WL1b, WL2b, WL3Gampaha72WL1a, WL2aGalle63WL1a, WL1b, WL2a, WL3Colombo56WL1a, WL1b, WL2aKalutara
Av. YieldBu/Ac
Agro ecologyDistrict
Until 1950 used Traditional methods
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Traditional methods
1. Traditional rice varieties2. Conventional land preparation3. Organic fertilizer4. “Kem” methods for pest and Disease control5. Traditional harvesting , processing and storing methods
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Land preparation using mamoty
Rural Agricultural Community Affair
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Traditional Rice Varieties
600 varieties were reported
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Gonabaru
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Kahatawee
Sudu heenati
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Herath Banda
Sulai-Traditional Rice variety
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Due to scarcity of lands and increase of the population
Agricultural Department take action to Develop the technology
to increase the rice production
Varietal development
Breeding objectives:- Increase yield potential- Incorporation of pest and disease resistance- Semi dwarf plant type- Response to fertilizer- Better grain quality
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Breeding Commence 1950
First bred variety named as H4
H- Hybridized
BgBwLdAt
Abbreviation BatalagodaBombuwalaLabuduwaAmbalantota
Station
There are four Breeding Stations
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Rice Research & Development Institute
Rice Research & Development Institute
Bombuwela (RARDC)Bentota (RRS)
Labuduwa (RRS)
RRDI (HQ) -Batalagoda
Paranthan (RRS)
Polonnaruwa (ARU)
Ampara (RRS)
Ambalantota (RRS)
Rice researchers centers
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Bentota
Ampara
Ambalantota (Varietal development & technology generation)
SalinityRed rice
Bentota (Technology testing)Coastal salinityFloods and submergence
Polonnaruwa (Technology testing)High potential areas
Ampara (Technology testing)High potential areas
Batalagoda (Varietal development & technology generation)
Dry & Int. ZonesHigh potential areas
Bombuwela (Varietal development & technology generation)
Wet zoneProblem soilsRed rice
Labuduwa (Varietal development & technology testing)
LCWZ Mineral soils
Institution Mandate
Bg 300Bg 301Bw 302At 303Bg 304Bg 305At 306At 307
3 MonthsBg 350Bw 351Bg 352At 353At 354Ld 355Ld 356Bg 357Bg 358Bg 359Bg 360Bw 361At 362Bw 363Bw 364
3 ½ MonthsBw 400Bg 401At 402Bg 403Bg 405Bg 407(H)
4 MonthsBg 379-2Bg 11-11Bg 450Bw 451Bw 452Bw 453
4 ½ Months
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Inland valley system
Constraints ...
a)soil constraints (30 - 50%)- Acidic
- Fe, Mn and Al toxicities
- Organic matter/Sandy
- Deficiencies - Zn, Si
- Salinity
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Fe Toxic soil
Fe Toxic Paddy field
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Fe Toxic symptom in Rice plant
Fe Toxic condition in Paddy filled
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Constraints
b) Climatic constraints
High rainfallHigh temperatureHigh humidityLow sunlight intensityHigh wind
Breeding Objectives...
General objectives:
Increase yield potentialPest and disease resistanceAcceptable grain characteristicsShort age (3 & 3.5 m)Medium plant height (100-110cm) / Non lodging
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Objectives…
Specific Objectives
High seedling vigor
Tolerance to adverse soils - Fe toxicity
Wide adaptability to diverse environment
Red rice/red samba
On Going Activities
Rice varietal improvement through Conventional breeding techniques
a) Hybridizationb) Mutation
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Killing Pollan (using hot water)
Ready for the Hybridization
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Present new objectives
Improvement of nutritional status for promoting health
What are the Health Promoting Functional Properties of Rice?
I. Micronutrient deficiencies- iron deficiency anemia- affect all age groups in the country- influence the productivity- economic loss estimated 1.1% of GDP per capita
*** Phytates and tannins reduced the bio availability of iron in grains
Therefore important to identify high iron varieties with low phytates and tannings
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Cont …..
2. Diabetic condition
High fiber content reduces the GI and reduces absorption of glucose by the body.
Therefore important to identify low GI varieties
Cont …..
3. Cardio-vascular diseases
Rice bran contain natural antioxidents such as oryzanol and tocotrienols.
This property also reduces the cardio -vascular diseases
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Tank, Village & TempleTank, Village & Temple
Granary of the EastGranary of the East
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Network of Irrigation ReservoirsNetwork of Irrigation Reservoirs
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Low yieldLow fertilize ResponseLow yieldLow fertilize Response
OldNew
Rehabilitation & Reconstruction
of Irrigation Systems
Rehabilitation & Reconstruction
of Irrigation Systems
At present
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Old New
Old New
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Old New
Rehabilitation &
Reconstruction of Irrigation
Systems
Rehabilitation &
Reconstruction of Irrigation
Systems
The Present
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Statistics
57019931990106617481980
18230002005
2549153919704042124219605034970195060139801940
% ImportsYield bu/ac
Production 000 Mt
Year
100 kg- Per capita rice consumption per year
45% carbohydrates
40% protein
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National production and yield
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
44.5
80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 9820
05
Year
Yield t /ha
Production m.t
Cost of Production2005
Power20%
Inputs29%
Labour51%
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Varietal spread according to the age group 2005
Others3%
4-4.5 Month5%
3.5 Month61%
3 Month31%
National rice varietal spread %
2.833.66.0Bw 3514.814.36.1Bg 4034.75--Ld 3556.40--At 3535.425.98.0Bg 3505.743.86.8Bg 379/25.215.96.5Bg 45010.1214.412.5Bg 94-112.8611.37.7Bg 35220.5822.319.7Bg 300200019971995Variety
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Rice yield under rain and irrigated
020406080
100120140160180200
Irrigated Rainfed
Farmer yield
Potential
Farmer yield
Potential
Thanks for your attention