Testing and treatments of Testing and treatments of seed paddyseed paddy

ContentContentIntroductionReason for seed paddy testing

Components and procedures in seed paddy testing

Seed paddy treatmentsSummary

Introduction Introduction

Four types of seed classes - Breeder seed - Foundation seed - Registered seed - Certified Seed

• Seeds Act is to regulate seed quality during production (seed certification ) and at distribution phases through sample testing.

 

How can we get certified How can we get certified seedsseeds Get the application

Verification of Seed Source and other requirements.

field inspections to prescribe standards

Seed sampling and testing

Grant of certificate and

certification tags, tagging and sealing.   (345/= /sample –full test)

Seed paddy testing Seed paddy testing Technologies used to ensures the viability and

all the physical factors that regulate the germination and growth of the seed/ seeding

tests carried out by seed testing laboratories.

Seed paddy testing Seed paddy testing laboratories-laboratories-SrilankaSrilanka

• Government laboratories Gannoruwa Mahailluppallama

Leading first private Seed Testing Laboratory-CIC.

Activities - Receipt & Registration of samples - testing of samples - Reporting

Reason for seed paddy Reason for seed paddy testingtestingTo detect other crops seeds inert matter weed seedsTo assure the germinationTo maintain the genetic identity and

purityTo meet specified standards (final

seed lot)To provide quality certified seed

Benefits by testing of seed Benefits by testing of seed paddypaddy guarantee the superior quality

supplying the best seeds/planting material

help to improve the farmer income

Components in seed paddy Components in seed paddy testingtestingSampling of seedsGermination Test Seed Purity Test

- Other Distinguishable Varieties (ODV) - Troublesome weed seeds - Broken and Damaged seeds - inert Matter - Color, Smell and Appearance (CSA)

Moisture Test

Seed samplingSeed samplingTake equal portions from evenly distributed

seeds -automatic sampling device (before

conditioning) -long probe (after conditioning)

considerations-:take from well-distributed points in the bulkSufficient amounts from the bulkat least 10%of the number of bags in the

lot.

Germination TestingGermination Testing purpose of testing• to assess seed viability • to predict performance of the seed

and seedling in the field. • to obtain information about the

planting value of the seed sample • to decide the seed rate to achieve

desired field establishment.• to Seed certification purposes. 

Procedure of germination Procedure of germination testingtesting

Take random samples(atleast-3)

Count 100 seeds from each sample

place on absorbent material inside the tray

Record the number of germinated seeds(10days)

Calculation number of seeds germinated Germination = *100 (%) number of seeds on tray

use seed germinatorsHigh germination percentage indicates -high vigor -good for field establishment

Seed lot puritySeed lot purityThe impurities measured to test the

purity of the seed batch - Other Distinguishable Varieties

(ODI) - Weed seeds - Inert matter.

- Broken and Damaged seeds -Color, Smell and Appearance

(CSA)

ProcedureProcedure Take random a sample of the seed(100gm)

Remove all of the weed and other crop seeds and the inert matter

weed

Damaged seed

Inert matter paddy

Weigh each component and calculate

%inert matter =Wgt of inert matter *100

Wgt of total sample

Varietal purity test Varietal purity test

1-Grain dimensions The grain size and shape

(length-width ratio) Comparing the length-width ratio

of the sample Significant deviation indicates that

the sample is impure

ProcedureProcedure

• Take random sample(20 grains) Use a Verniercaliper Measure the length,width Calculate length width ratioSCALE (Length)

1 -Extra long (>7.5mm)3 -Long (6.6-7.5mm)5 -Medium (5.51-6.6 mm)7 -Short (<5.5mm )

Con……Con……

Scale Shape Ratio 1 Slender > 3.0 3 Medium 2.1 -3.0 5 Bold 1.1 -2.0 9 Round <1.1

2- 2- 1000-grain weight.1000-grain weight.

• Each variety publish this way• If the sample departs from this, it may

be an indication that the sample contains a mixture of varieties.

ProcedureSelect a random sample from the

seed batch Count 1,000 whole grains from the

sample.Weigh the 1,000 grains.This is the 1,000-grain weight.

Moisture contentMoisture content

1) Drying oven method (primary method)

Set the oven at 130oC

Weigh 100-gram seed samples (3) Place samples inside the oven (16-24

hrs) Take final weight of each sample MC= initial weight - final weight *100 initial weight• take average over three samples

2)Electronic moisture meterTurn the moisture meter on(Ensure it is

set for paddy) Fill the bowl of the moisture tester with a

sample

press the knob until the reading is displayed

(Test at least three samples )(Take the average of the three)

Certified seed paddy quality-Certified seed paddy quality-SrilankaSrilanka

Germination - > 85%Other Distinguishable Varieties (ODV) - >

100/500gTroublesome Weed Seeds - < 5

seeds/500gMoisture - 13% MaximumColor /Smell/Appearance (CSA) – GoodBroken & damaged seeds - 100/500gInert matter - < 2%

Certified seed paddy bagCertified seed paddy bag

• Should print: - Association emblem /trademark - variety name -The percentage of germinating seed -net weight -Tags Breeder Seed White Tag Foundation Seed White Tag Registered Seed Light green

Tag Certified Seed Light blue Tag

Seed treatmentSeed treatmentTo prevent Seed born diseases

(Riceblast/bacterial wilt)To remove the empty seeds/half

fill seedsTreatments 1)Soaking: up to 24-48 hours in water. The germination will be facilitated

after soaking

Con….Con….2)Traditional method Soak the seeds(30 kg) in water for 18 hrs

transferred into a gunny bag bottom layered with 1 kg each of

`vadhanarayana' (Delonix elata) and `kuppaimeni' (Acalypha indica)

place cow dung cakes above the layer

filled(3/4 th of sack) with already soaked paddy seeds

cow dung cakes are placed over the seeds.

Final layer leaves of `above

plants

Tie the sack tightly and place stones above bag 24 hours.

Take sprouted seeds and sown for raising in paddy nursery

Advantages seedlings grow very fast resistant to red spot disease more number of grains after palnting 

3)Egg floating treatment3)Egg floating treatment-put the egg in 1 liter water and itshould hit bottom settle horizontally then remove the egg from the water - add 200 grams of salt to the 1 liter of water.

-After salt dissolved put egg it should float

-Let the seeds sit in the solution for 15 minutes -After about 2 min (of 15 min), remove the hollow floating seeds -After the 15 min pour off andseparate the hard seeds, And rinse well

4)Disinfection of the seed: fungicide treatment applied before

seeding the seed for germination  -Thiram75 WDP100g/100kg

seed -Captan 75 dust300g/100kg

dry dressing5)Acid treatment • soaking the seed in normal nitricacid

(HNO3 ,0.2%) for 24 hrs (after preheating at 50 °C).

Reduce dormancy

Summary Summary Seeds should undergo different

tests before the certification Seed treatments important to

over come the vigor less Pre germination test should

done before sowing in nursery/field