Package with Care - Department of Computer Science @ Earlham College

Packagewith Care

A Guide To Packing Your Shipments

Shipping Checklist

Make sure you:❑ Use a rigid box with flaps intact.

❑ Remove any labels, Hazardous Materials indicators,and other shipment markings from the box.

❑ Wrap items separately.

❑ Use adequate cushioning material.

❑ Use strong tape designed for shipping.

❑ Do not use string or paper over-wrap.

❑ Use a single address label that has clear, completedelivery and return addresses.

❑ Place a duplicate address label inside the box.

NOTE: To prepare packages for UPS® shipment, you can use your own packaging or containers available from UPS. We offer a variety of containers free of charge for UPS Air Services. We alsooffer corrugated cartons and packaging materials for purchase.UPS Packaging Supplies may be billed to your UPS account or a major credit card. Terms and conditions will apply. For either of these options, please visit “Supplies” at ups.com.®

Step-by-StepSimply by observing a few basic principles when preparingyour shipment, you can help ensure that your packagetravels safely to its destination. The four steps outlinedhere cover the key considerations in packing most articleswith care.

Step11 Use a corrugated box.

Use a new or “almost new” corrugated box. The more a box is used, the more it loses its original protective qualities and may not adequately protect your shipment. If you must reuse a box, make sure it is rigid and in excellent condition with no punctures, tears, rips, or corner damage, and that all flaps are intact.Shoeboxes, gift boxes, or other paperboard boxes are notrecommended. Remove old address labels, HazardousMaterials indicators such as diamond labels and markings,as well as delivery markings and bar codes from theprevious shipment.

UPS® recommends choosing a box strengththat is suitable for its contents, based on the UPS Box Strength Guidelines.Never exceed the maximum grossweight limit for the box, which is printed

on the Box Maker’s Certificate on thebottom flap of most boxes.

After years of testing and analysis, engineers at the UPSProfessional ServicesTM Package Lab (see page 11) havedeveloped box strength specifications for single-packagedistribution. Refer to the chart on page 2 for recommen-dations in determining the proper size and maximumgross weight limit of a box.

1

(B

OX MANUFACTURER)B

OX

CERTIFICATE

(CITY & STATE)

THIS

SINGLEWALLBOX MEETS ALL CONSTRUCTIONREQUIREMENTS OF APPLICABLE

FREIGHT CLASSIFICATION

MIN COMB LBS PERWT FACINGS 84 M SQ FT

SIZE LIMIT 75 INCHES

GROSS WT LT 65 LBS

BURSTING LBS PERTEST 200 SQ INCH

Step11 Use a corrugated box. (cont.)

Follow these steps when using the UPS Box StrengthGuidelines chart to select the most appropriate box for your shipment.

1. Weigh items to be shipped.

2. Measure and add together the length, width, and height of the box.

3. Select the appropriate row where the criteria in both columns A and B are met.

4. Use column C to identify the recommended BurstingTest strength box. Or, use column D to identify therecommended Edge Crush Test strength box. At leastone of these specifications can be found on the BoxMaker’s Certificate.

NOTE: A double-wall container should be used for an item(s)weighing more than 80 pounds.

2

The above box strengths are only guidelines to help assure thecontainment and protection of products transported throughsingle-package distribution environments. They are not to beconsidered packaging specifications, and all packaged productsshould be tested in accordance with industry-recognized perfor-mance tests to ensure the most appropriate level of productprotection is achieved.

UPS Box Strength Guidelines

A B C DMaximumWeight of Size Limit Bursting Edge CrushContents of Box (inches) Test Test (ECT)

(lbs.) L + W + H (lbs. per sq. in.) (lbs. per in. width)

SINGLE-WALL CORRUGATED CONTAINERS

30 75 200 3240 75 200 4050 85 250 4465 95 275 5580 105 350 NA

DOUBLE-WALL CORRUGATED CONTAINERS

60 85 200 4880 95 275 51

100 105 350 61120 110 400 71140 115 500 82150 120 600 NA

Step22 Provide internal protection.

It’s important to cushion the contents of your package properly.

Wrap each item sepa-rately. Fragile articles*need suitable separationfrom each other and from the corners, sides, top, and bottom of the box. Each item should be surrounded by at leasttwo inches of cushioning and be placed at least two inchesaway from the walls of the box. This will prevent product-against-product damage and protect the contents fromshock and vibration which can pass from the outside ofthe box to the contents.

Proper cushioning material, combined with a strong outercontainer, will protect your shipment. Use enough cush-ioning material to ensure that the contents cannot movewhen you shake the box. The following materials can beused for cushioning and protection:

� Air-encapsulated plastic (bubble pack)

– Designed to protect and cushion lightweight items.

– Use multiple wraps/layers to ensure product iscompletely protected, especially around corners and edges.

� Inflatable packaging (air bags)

– Used primarily as void-fill material for lightweightitems.

– Can be preformed to provide proper cushioningperformance for specific products.

– Extreme hot or cold temperatures may affect the ability of air bags to provide adequate productprotection.

– Not recommended for items with sharp corners or edges.

*Fragile objects – such as electronics, glass, ceramics, and artwork –may require special packaging for safe shipment; these packagesmay require added cushioning or a double box. For assistance with packing fragile objects, contact the UPS Professional Services Package Lab at [email protected] or call 1-877-877-7229.

3

Step22 Provide internal protection. (cont.)

� Expanded polystyrene “peanuts”

– Used primarily as void-fill material for lightweightitems.

– Overfill the box with peanuts, then gently close the flaps and seal.

– Due to the shifting and settling properties of peanuts, it is recommended that a minimum of three inches of cushioning be used around the contents.

– Not recommended for use with flat, narrow, or denseproducts that may migrate to the edge or bottom of the carton during transit.

� Engineered foam enclosures

– Should be preformed for specific products for propercushioning performance.

– Materials may include expanded polystyrene,polyethylene, polypropylene, or copolymers.

� Foam-in-place (a foam, sprayed into the box or mixed in packets, that expands and forms a protective moldaround contents)

– Provides good cushioning when foam is evenlydistributed around the contents.

– Select appropriate density of foam to meet packagingneeds which can range from void-fill application tohigh-performance cushioning.

� Corrugated board

– Can be laminated together to form blocks or pads,which are useful for blocking and bracing items insidethe box.

– Can also be die-cut, slit, or scored to form trays,partitions, or liners to increase package strength,improve performance, or separate items from eachother within the package.

– Not recommended for fragile items.

4

� Paper cushioning (multilayered paper padding) – not newspaper

– Ideal for wrapping medium-to-large-sized, non-fragileitems and those that may require moisture absorption.

– Excellent for void fill.

� Crumpled kraft paper – not newspaper

– Used primarily as a void-fill material for light-to-medium-weight, non-fragile items and items that are suitable for such packing materials.

– To enhance performance, it is recommended that the paper be tightly crumpled.

– Use at least four inches of paper around and betweenthe contents. Ensure that there is at least four inches of packing on all six sides of the box.

Clothing, blankets, and pillows are not proper cushioningmaterials.

Step33 Close it securely.

Proper closure is just as important as adequatecushioning.

To close a box securely, apply three strips of tape to both the top and bottom of the box, so the middle and two edge seams are sealed (see illustration at right). Use a strong tape such as the types described below:

� Pressure-sensitive plastic or nylon-reinforced tape

– Use a tape at least two inches or more in width.

– Generally, the easiest, most convenient tape to use. It is versatile because it will adhere without water and can stick to a variety of surfaces and shapes.

5

Step33 Close it securely. (cont.)

� Water-activated reinforced tape

– Use 60-pound grade tape at least three inches wide.

– Reinforced fibers in the tape provide additionalstrength, making it less susceptible to splitting or tearing.

– Caution: Adhesion to the container may be affectedby elements such as high humidity, wetness of tape, or dust.

Do not use masking, cellophane, duct, or water-activatedpaper tapes; also, do not use string or paper over-wrap.

Step44 Use proper labeling.

For timely and accurate delivery, keep these points in mind when labeling your package:

� Always include the receiver’s ZIP Code® with the complete address. For internationalshipments, include acontact name, telephonenumber, and postal code.

� Make every effort to obtain a street address. If you do use a P.O. box address, therecipient’s telephone number must be included on thelabel. A package addressed to a P.O. box may experiencedelays and will not be covered by any UPS ServiceGuarantee. An Address Correction charge also will apply.Army Post Office (APO) and Fleet Post Office (FPO)addresses are not accepted by UPS.

� Include the suite, apartment, or unit number, if applicable. Failure to do so may subject the shipper to an Address Correction charge.

� Place the shipping label on the top of the box. To avoidconfusion, place only one address label on the box. If using a packing slip, place it on the same surface of the box as the address label.

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� Do not place the label on a seam, edge, closure, or on top of sealing tape.

� Remove or cross out old labels or markings.

� Always include your complete return address includingfull street address and ZIP Code. For internationalshipments, include a contact name, telephone number,and postal code.

� Place a duplicate label or other form of address informa-tion inside the package.

NOTE: If using a mailing tube, place the label horizontally, with the sides of the label pointing toward the ends of the tube,so the bar code can be scanned. If labeling an irregularly shapeditem, make sure the label is placed on a flat surface to allow forscanning.

NOTE: The smart labels produced by UPS OnLine WorldShip,®

UPS Internet Shipping, UPS CampusShip,TM and UPS OnLine®

Compatible Vendor shipping systems include bar codes androuting codes that help ensure accurate routing and promptdelivery of your shipments. In addition, the use of smart labelsallows for fast access to tracking and delivery information.

Guidelines for Packages Weighing More Than 70 PoundsPackaging materials need to be evaluated carefully for packages weighing more than 70 pounds.

� Boxes need to be of strong construction, preferably with seams that are stitched or stapled, not glued.Check the strength of the box by checking the BoxMaker’s Certificate to make sure the size limit and grossweight limit are not exceeded. For recommendations ondetermining the proper size and maximum gross weightlimit of a box for individual package shipments, refer to the UPS Box Strength Guidelines chart in Step 1 (page 2) of this brochure.

� Use new boxes whose strength has not been compro-mised by humidity or prior-use wear and tear.

� Seal with heavy-duty tape, preferably reinforced, byapplying three strips to both the top and bottom of the box so the middle and two edge seams are sealed.

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Guidelines for Packages WeighingMore Than 70 Pounds (cont.)

� Dense cushioning material is a must. Expanded polystyrene “peanuts” and crumpled paper are notacceptable because they crush and shift under heavyloads. Customized corrugated board or engineered foamenclosures are more suitable and reinforce the rigidityof the outer box.

A UPS Heavy Package sticker is requiredwhenever you ship packages weighing morethan 70 pounds. Place the sticker to the rightof the address label, and write the package’sweight in the white box.

Maximum Package Weight and SizeThe following weight and size limits apply to all packagesshipped with all UPS service options except UPS SonicAir,®

unless otherwise indicated:

� The maximum weight is 150 pounds per package for domestic shipments.*

� The maximum size is 130 inches in length and girthcombined.

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• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

GIRTH

LENGTH

Step 2: Measure LengthStep 1: Measure Girth

Step 3: Add Length and Girth

NOTE:

– Girth is the distance all the way around the package or object at its widest point perpendicular to the length.

– Length is the longest side of a package or object.

*For international shipments, the maximum weight per packagemay vary by destination or origin. Contact the UPS InternationalCustomer Service Center at 1-800-782-7892 for details.

*The maximum weight for a Hazardous Materials/InternationalDangerous Goods package (contractual service only) is 70 pounds,unless further restricted in the Guide for Shipping Ground and Air Hazardous Materials at ups.com. Call the UPS HazardousMaterials Support Center at 1-800-554-9964 for details.

WEIGHT

lbs

011468

70 lbs

31.5 kg

+

+

HEAVY PACKAGE

� The maximum length is 108 inches. A package with the longest side measuring over 60 inches or the second-longest side measuring over 30 inches in length will be subject to an Additional Handling Charge.

Packages that exceed UPS weight and size limits are notaccepted for transportation. If found in the UPS system,they are subject to an Over Maximum Limits charge.

Billable Weight DeterminationThe billable weight (actual, dimensional, or oversizeweight, depending on the service selected) and the size of the box will affect the amount charged for shipping.Refer to ups.com® or the UPS Rate and Service Guide forspecifics on determining the billable weight of a packageor shipment.

Additional Handling ChargeFor domestic (U.S.) shipments, an Additional HandlingCharge may be applied to the following:

� Any article that is encased in an outside shippingcontainer made of metal or wood.

� Any cylindrical item, such as a barrel, drum, pail, or tire, that is not fully encased in a corrugated cardboard shipping container.

� Any package with the longest side exceeding 60 inches or its second-longest side exceeding 30 inches.

UPS also reserves the right to assess the AdditionalHandling Charge for any package that, in UPS’s solediscretion, requires special handling.

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10

Special Packaging NeedsIf you ship the following items, consider their specialpackaging needs:

Irregularly shaped items and bare metals: Tape theaddress label on a flat surface of the item being shipped.Cover the label with clear tape. Do not use “flying tags.”Blunt all sharp or protruding edges with taped-on,corrugated cardboard pieces. Protect the surface of the item as needed. An Additional HandlingCharge will apply.

Fabric and wallpaper: Rolled goods travel best whenshipped in corrugated boxes. If a fabric or wallpaper roll is shipped in a bag, it is recommended to use a bag with a minimum thickness of six mils. Make sure the bag istightly wrapped and taped against the roll to reduce the risk of tearing. A tail on an item shipped in a bag must be compressed to the body of the item using tape.Place the address label on a flat surface of the item beingshipped. Place duplicate address labels inside cores or between top layers of material. An Additional Handling Charge may apply.

Tires: Apply a wide band of pressure-sensitive tapethrough the center and completely around the body of the tire so that the tape is attached to itself. Attach your address label to the tape band where it covers the tread. Cover the entire label with clear tape. An Additional Handling Charge will apply.

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SHIPPERS INTERNATIONAL

(123) 456-7890

5TH FLOOR

1550 W ANYWHERE STREET

PHOENIX AZ 85027-3129

1 OF 212 LBS

SHIP

TO:

JOHN SMITH

(987) 654-3210

ABC COMPANY

BUILDING 3 FLOOR 4

123 MAIN STREET

SALT LAKE CITY UT 84170-6672

UPS GROUND

TRACKING #: 1Z 123 45E 03 1234 5671

UT 841 0-00

1Z 123 45E 03 1234 5671

420841706672


(123) 456-7890

5TH FLOOR



1 OF 2

12 LBS

SHIP

TO:

JOHN SMITH

(987) 654-3210

ABC COMPANY

BUILDING 3 FLOOR 4

123 MAIN STREET


UPS GROUND

TRACKING #: 1Z 123 45E 03 1234 5671

UT 841 0-00

1Z 123 45E 03 1234 5671

420841706672


(123) 456-7890

5TH FLOOR



1 OF 212 LBS

SHIP

TO:

JOHN SMITH

(987) 654-3210

ABC COMPANY

BUILDING 3 FLOOR 4

123 MAIN STREET


UPS GROUND

TRACKING #: 1Z 123 45E 03 1234 5671

UT 841 0-00

1Z 123 45E 03 1234 5671

420841706672

11

Bundled or strapped boxes: Only same-sized boxes may be strapped together. Use a minimum of four crisscrossed bands, two in each direction. An address label must be placed on eachbox. When strapping boxestogether, each box must be strong enough to hold the total weight of thestrapped bundle. Forexample, if two 40-poundboxes are banded togetherinto an 80-pound package,both components should be in boxes with at least an 80-pound weight capacity. An Additional Handling Charge may apply.


(123) 456-7890

5TH FLOOR



1 OF 2

12 LBS

SHIP

TO:

JOHN SMITH

(987) 654-3210

ABC COMPANY

BUILDING 3 FLOOR 4

123 MAIN STREET


UPS GROUND

TRACKING #: 1Z 123 45E 03 1234 5671

UT 841 0-00

1Z 123 45E 03 1234 5671

420841706672

UPS Professional ServicesTM

Package LabThe UPS Professional Services Package Lab helpscustomers find effective and cost-efficient packagingfor products. Packaging engineers evaluate thecurrent or proposed package, conduct a variety of industry-accepted tests, and prepare a written report that recommends modifications to improveperformance, economy, and efficient use of materials.The package lab also monitors the latest developmentsin package-testing research worldwide. Contact your UPS account executive or the package lab at [email protected], or call 1-877-877-7229 for details.

Testing Information Test Control Number: 4952149

International Safe Transit Association Additional Testing Performed(ISTA) Project 1A Compression: No Vacuum: No

Vibration Time: minutes Bridged Impact: No Torque: NoFrequency: CPM ECT: No Environmental: No

Drop Height: inches Burst: No Climatic: NoNo. Of Drops: Burst Results: N/A

Results

See Appendix A for comments and recommendations.

Test Laboratory51-53 Kenosia AvenueDanbury, CT 06810

Packaging Engineer Signature:

An inspection of the interiorcomponents of the monitorrevealed that a heat sink (yellow arrow) is positioned inclose proximity to the CRT.During shipmentin its normal

orientation, downward movement of the packaged monitor can create a cantilever effect whichcan cause the CRT to come into contact with the heat sink and crack the circuit board. It isrecommended that a diagnostics test be performed on the circuit board containing the heat sinkto determine if this is the point of failure. An inspection of the bottom molded EPS foam edgeprotectors also revealed a low amount of load bearing area for the monitor (colored in blue) and a ridge along the bottom front edge protector (blue arrow) on which the gimbal is positionedwhich can allow shock forces to be directly transmitted to the monitor.

Comments / Recommendations:To possibly prevent monitor damage, the following is recommended:

1. Redesign the heat sink so that there is a minimum 0.5" distance between the heat sink and CRT by either relocating the heat sink or cutting away a section of the heat sink at a 45º angle to allow for the minimum 0.5" space distance.

2. Redesign the foam edge protectors so that the monitor is shipped face down.

3. Increase the amount of foam load bearing area for the bezel (when designing the packagingfor the monitor to be shipped face down).

4. Allow a minimum 0.75" clearance between the base of the gimbal and any packagingmaterial (the molded EPS plank should remain to restrict the movement of the gimbal).

An accelerometer was attached to the front of the CRT and the monitor was packaged in the original packaging and subjected to instrumented drop testing. The monitor was droppedin its normal orientation (drops 1D-2D) and in a vertical orientation (screen facing downward,drops 1E-2E) with the following results:

Drop No. Height g-force1D 24" 362D 30" 46

Appendix A (con’t)

Normal Orientation

Drop No. Height g-force1E 24" 242E 30" 36

Vertical Orientation

A wooden mold was fabricated to duplicate the bottom moldedEPS edge protectors and the monitor was subjected to fragilitytesting at incremental g-force levels in its normal shippingorientation (note: a new monitor was used for testing after eachdamage was detected).

The resultant g-force levels are as follows (drops 1-6):

Breakage of the monitor (breakage defined as themonitor being unable to be powered up) occurred at the 48 g-force level. A second monitor was testedto narrow the g-level at which damage can occur.The results are as follows (drops 1B-3B):

Based on the fragility testing results, damage canexpect to occur at approximately 40 g’s in its normalshipping orientation on a bottom panel drop.

A wooden mold was fabricated to simulate the monitor beingshipped in a vertical position and was subjected to fragility testingwith the following results (drops 1C-4C):

Testing was terminatedafter the 4th drop. Themonitor was able to bepowered up, however the color pattern wasdisrupted as shown in the following example:

Drop No. N2 Pressure g-force1 110 PSI 122 165 PSI 193 210 PSI 234 300 PSI 335 350 PSI 396 400 PSI 48

Drop No. N2 Pressure g-force1C 350 PSI 412C 450 PSI 523C 550 PSI 644C 700 PSI 82

Drop No. N2 Pressure g-force1B 220 PSI 262B 310 PSI 353B 350 PSI 40

Before Testing After Testing

Appendix A

Package LabOne UPS WayHodgkins, IL 60525

Customer: ABC Company

Laboratory Test Report

123 Main Street Test Control Number: 4952149Anywhere, USA Date Tested: 2/3/97

Shipper Number: 123456 Previous Test Number: N/APrevious Test Date: N/A

Requested By: John Doe District: SNERegion: Northeast

Container Style: Regular Slotted Container (RSC)

Certification: 51 ECTCorrugation: Vertical CB-fluteMfg’s Joint: Glued

Closure: Wide Crown Staples (Bottom) / 2" PS Tape (Top)Application: Multiple (Bottom) / Multiple (Top)Dimensions: 21 x 19.75 x 20 (L x W x D, inches, OD)

Other: N/A

Packaging Description

The monitor is contained in a poly bag and centrallylocated within the shipping container by four molded expanded polystyrene (EPS) edge protectors positioned along the no. 1-5, 1-6, 3-5 and 3-6 edges. A moldedEPS plank is positioned between the gimbal and monitorcasing. An instruction manual and power cord are alsocontained in separate poly bags.

Product: Computer Monitor – Model 123XYZ

Package Weight: 37 pounds Factory Package: YesNumber of Items: 1 Capacity: N/A

For Lab Use Only: 2/3/97- (SLS)


(123) 456-7890

5TH FLOOR



1 OF 2

12 LBS

SHIP

TO:

JOHN SMITH

(987) 654-3210

ABC COMPANY

BUILDING 3 FLOOR 4

123 MAIN STREET


UPS GROUND

TRACKING #: 1Z 123 45E 03 1234 5671

UT 841 0-00

1Z 123 45E 03 1234 5671

420841706672

12

Special RestrictionsRestrictions apply to the shipping of certain items, suchas firearms, ammunition, fireworks, hazardous materials,Other Regulated Materials (ORM-D), hazardous waste,international dangerous goods, alcoholic beverages,international jewelry shipments, live animals, perishablecommodities, and articles of unusual value (as defined in the UPS Tariff at ups.com).

Shippers are prohibited from shipping, and UPS does notaccept for transportation, articles having a value of morethan $50,000. Additionally, more restrictive value limitsapply to packages shipped as a result of a request forservice made through the Internet by a shipper who has a UPS Internet Shipping account only; packages returnedvia Print Return Label, Print and Mail Return Label,Electronic Return Label, or 1 UPS Pickup Attempt ReturnServices; packages shipped via a UPS Letter Center; and Prepaid Letters.

For complete information on maximum liability, refer to the Terms and Conditions of Service and the UPS Tariffat ups.com. Call 1-800-PICK-UPS® or visit ups.com forguarantee details, service availability, and delivery-timecommitments.

Packaging ResponsibilityIt is the responsibility of the shipper to ensure that properpackaging is used and that the contents of packages areadequately and securely packed, wrapped, and cushionedfor transportation. The use of packaging provided by UPS,or of packaging purchased from UPS, is not a guaranteethat an item is sufficiently packaged for transportation.UPS does not provide special handling for packagesbearing “Fragile,” package orientation markings (e.g.,“UP” arrows or “This End Up” markings), or any othersimilar such markings.

Prohibited by LawNo service shall be rendered by UPS in the transportationof any shipment that is prohibited by applicable law orregulation of any federal, state, provincial, or local govern-ment in the origin or destination country.

“Greener” PackagingUPS conducted a joint project with the Alliance forEnvironmental Innovation to improve the environ-mental profile of UPS-provided packaging. The projectyielded natural resource conservation, energy savings,and reductions in solid waste through the addition ofpost-consumer recycled content, material substitutionand reduction, and paperboard and plastic reformula-tion. UPS is the industry leader in environmentallypreferable performance-oriented packaging.

Helpful HintYour packages move through the global UPS distributionsystem smoothly when you use smart labels. With aseries of scans, essential information about your packagesis provided to UPS. Smart labels:

� Include routing codes to help ensure prompt delivery of your shipments.

� Provide quick access to tracking and deliveryinformation.

� Save you time by eliminating handwritten labels.

� Can be produced using UPS OnLine WorldShip,®

UPS Internet Shipping, UPS CampusShip,TM and UPS OnLine® Compatible Vendor shipping systems.

Package with Care - Department of Computer Science @ Earlham College

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