P1 – Describe the Structure & Function of the Skeletal System

Unit 1 – Principles of Anatomy & Physiology in Sport

The Skeletal System

Consists of 206 bonesBones = living tissue, constantly adapting to

stresses placed on themSplit into Axial & Appendicular skeletonHas different types of bonesHas a number of functionsBones meet together at joints

Cranium

Mandible

Sternum

RibVertebral Column

Pelvis

Sacrum

Coccyx

Clavicle

Scapula

Humerus

Ulna

Radius

Carpals

MetacarpalsPhalanges Femur

Patella

Tibia

FibulaTarsals

Metatarsals

Phalanges

Ischium

• Cranium – box like structure brain sits inside protects the brain made up of a number of different bones bones fuse together between 1-3 yrs old• Mandible – jaw bone• Sternum – breast bone long, flat bone centre of chest

• Ribs – long, flat bones 12 pairs 1st 7 pairs attached to sternum other 5 pairs called false ribs• Pelvis – made up of 2 sets of 3 bones Ilium – upper wing like bones, provides the

sockets for the hip bones, upper edge = iliac crest Pubis – pubic bone, front of the pelvis Ischium – lower, posterior bones, sitting

bones

• Clavicle – collar bone long, thin bone makes up the anterior (front) of the shoulder girdle is a strong, mobile attachment for arms• Scapula – large, triangle shape back (posterior) part of shoulder girdle• Humerus – long bone, upper arm proximal head = shoulder joint distal end = elbow joint

• Ulna – Forearm little finger side• Radius – forearm thumb side moves around ulna when turning hand• Carpals – 8 short bones wrist 2 rows of 4• Metacarpals – 5 long bones palm of the hand run from the carpals to each finger & thumb

• Phalanges – small long bones fingers & toes 3 in each finger & toes 2 in each thumb & big toe• Femur – thigh bone longest & strongest top (proximal end) sits in socket of pelvis bottom (distal end) forms the knee joint• Patella – kneecap large, triangle shaped sesamoid bone sits inside the quadriceps tendon protects knee joint

• Tibia – shin bone medial, thicker bone proximal end = knee joint with femur distal end = ankle joint• Fibula – lateral, thinner bone non weight bearing distal end = ankle joint• Tarsals – 7 bones (ankle)• Metatarsals – 5 foot bones

Skeletal System InformationAppendicularSystem

126 bones

Axial System

80 bones

Appendicular System126 bones Upper body Lower bodyClavicle = collar bone Pelvis = 2 x 3 bonesScapula = Shoulder blade Femur = ThighHumerus = upper arm Patella = KneecapRadius = to the thumb Tibia = Shin Ulna = to the little finger Fibular = Outside/ankle Carpals = wrist Tarsals = under ankleMetacarpals = hand Metatarsals = FootPhalanges = fingers Phalanges = Toes

Axial System80 bones

Skull = 28 bonesHyoid SternumRibs = 12 pairsVertebral Column = 33 vertebrae

Vertebral Column33 Bones – 5 Sections

C 1 - 7

T 1 - 12

L 1 - 5

S 1 - 5Coccyx 1 - 4

Vertebral Column

Spine33 irregular bonesApprox 40% of your heightVery small movement between each vertebraeLots of movement of spine altogether

Bones

Living tissue = • grow during childhood• Bleed & hurt if damaged• Able to repair if broken

Ossification – a hardening process that takes place when bones mature. Makes bones solid structures that can withstand a lot of pressure/stresses.

Collagen = resilienceCalcium = strength

Types of BonesF.L.I.S.S.

• F• L• I• S• S

lat Protection Scapula, sternum, ribs, pelvis

ong Movement Femur, humorus, tibia

rregular Shape Vertebrae, facial bones

hort Cube shaped Carpals, tarsals

esamoid Inside a tendon Patella