AS LEVEL Anatomy & Physiology UNIT G451 (OCR) SKELETAL & MUSCULAR SYSTEMS MR HUNTER.
Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 6 Skeletal System.
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Transcript of Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 6 Skeletal System.
Anatomy and Anatomy and PhysiologyPhysiology
Chapter 6Chapter 6
Skeletal SystemSkeletal System
Skeletal SystemSkeletal System
Physical foundation of the bodyPhysical foundation of the body 206 bones206 bones Connected by movable and Connected by movable and
immovable jointsimmovable joints
OsteologyOsteology
Science of the anatomy, Science of the anatomy, structure, and function of the structure, and function of the bonesbones
OSOS– BoneBone– Prefix for medical termsPrefix for medical terms
BoneBone
Second hardest tissue of the bodySecond hardest tissue of the body– The first is tooth enamelThe first is tooth enamel
Composed of connective tissue Composed of connective tissue – 1/3 animal matter1/3 animal matter– 2/3 mineral matter2/3 mineral matter
Primary functionsPrimary functions
Give shape and support to the bodyGive shape and support to the body Protects internal structures and Protects internal structures and
organsorgans Attachments for muscles and acts Attachments for muscles and acts
as levers for movementas levers for movement Produces white and red blood cellsProduces white and red blood cells Store’s calcium, phosphorus, Store’s calcium, phosphorus,
magnesium and sodiummagnesium and sodium
Bone jointsBone joints
Connection of two (2) or more Connection of two (2) or more bonesbones
Movable:Movable:– ElbowsElbows– KneesKnees– hipships
Immovable:Immovable:– PelvisPelvis– skullskull
Bones of the SkullBones of the Skull
CraniumCranium– 8 bones of the head8 bones of the head– An oval, bony case that protects the An oval, bony case that protects the
brainbrain Facial SkeletonFacial Skeleton
– 14 bones of the face14 bones of the face
CraniumCranium
1 Occipital – hindmost, forms the back 1 Occipital – hindmost, forms the back of the skull above the napeof the skull above the nape
2 Parietal – forms the sides and crown2 Parietal – forms the sides and crown
1 Frontal – forehead1 Frontal – forehead
2 Temporal – forms the sides of the 2 Temporal – forms the sides of the head in the ear regionhead in the ear region
1 Ethmoid – light, spongy bone 1 Ethmoid – light, spongy bone between the eye sockets and between the eye sockets and forms the nasal cavitiesforms the nasal cavities
1 Sphenoid – joins all the bones of 1 Sphenoid – joins all the bones of the craniumthe cranium
Bones of the FaceBones of the Face
2 Nasal – form the bridge of the 2 Nasal – form the bridge of the nosenose
2 Lacrimal – small, thin bones – 2 Lacrimal – small, thin bones – front inner wall of the eye socketsfront inner wall of the eye sockets
2 Zygomatic – prominence of the 2 Zygomatic – prominence of the cheekbonescheekbones
2 Maxillae – upper jaw2 Maxillae – upper jaw
1 Mandible – lower jaw – largest 1 Mandible – lower jaw – largest and strongest bone of the faceand strongest bone of the face
Bones of the neckBones of the neck
Hyoid – U-shaped at base of Hyoid – U-shaped at base of tongue – “Adams Apple”tongue – “Adams Apple”
Cervical Vertebrae – seven (7) Cervical Vertebrae – seven (7) bones of the top part of the bones of the top part of the vertebral column in neck regionvertebral column in neck region
Bones of the Chest, Bones of the Chest, Shoulder and backShoulder and back Thorax – chest – elastic, bony cage Thorax – chest – elastic, bony cage
that protects the heart and lungsthat protects the heart and lungs
Ribs – twelve (12) pairs of bones Ribs – twelve (12) pairs of bones forming the wall of the thoraxforming the wall of the thorax
Scapula – large, flat, triangular Scapula – large, flat, triangular bone of the shoulder (back)bone of the shoulder (back)
Sternum – BreastboneSternum – Breastbone
Clavicle – Collarbone – joins Clavicle – Collarbone – joins sternum and scapulasternum and scapula
Bones for the arms Bones for the arms and handsand hands Humerus – uppermost and largest Humerus – uppermost and largest
bone of the arm – from elbow to bone of the arm – from elbow to shouldershoulder
Ulna – inner and larger of the Ulna – inner and larger of the forearm – pinkie sideforearm – pinkie side
Radius – smaller bone on the Radius – smaller bone on the forearm – thumb sideforearm – thumb side
Carpus (Carpal) – wrist – 8 Carpus (Carpal) – wrist – 8 flexible, small, irregular bones flexible, small, irregular bones held together by ligamentsheld together by ligaments
Metacarpus – palm – 5 bones Metacarpus – palm – 5 bones between carpus and phalangesbetween carpus and phalanges
Phalanges – fingers – digits –Phalanges – fingers – digits –– 14 bones14 bones
3 fingers3 fingers 2 thumbs2 thumbs
Bones of the legs and Bones of the legs and feetfeet Femur – heavy, long thigh boneFemur – heavy, long thigh bone Tibia- larger, shin bone – big toe Tibia- larger, shin bone – big toe
sideside Fibula – smaller, shin bone – little Fibula – smaller, shin bone – little
toe sidetoe side Patella – knee cap Patella – knee cap Talus - ankleTalus - ankle
Tarsal – 7 bones from ankle into Tarsal – 7 bones from ankle into footfoot
Metatarsals – 5 bones of the foot Metatarsals – 5 bones of the foot – long and slender– long and slender
Phalanges - toes – digits –Phalanges - toes – digits –– 14 bones14 bones
3 toes3 toes 2 big toes2 big toes