P. Satyavathi*, Vanaja M., Gopala Krishna Reddy A., … [email protected] Cluster Bean...
Transcript of P. Satyavathi*, Vanaja M., Gopala Krishna Reddy A., … [email protected] Cluster Bean...
P. Satyavathi*, Vanaja M., Gopala Krishna Reddy A.,P. Satyavathi*, Vanaja M., Gopala Krishna Reddy A.,Vijay Kumar G., Manohar G.
Matrusri Engineering College, Saidabad, Hyderabad-500059
E-mail: [email protected]
Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub)
India produces 10.0-12.5 lakh tons of guar and world leader in production of guar with production of guar with 80% of world productionIt is grown in arid zones of Rajasthan, some parts of Gujarat, Haryana, and Madhya Pradesh
Guar gum from guar seeds
�Guar gum, also called guaran, is a galactomannan
�Guar gum is an extract of the guar beanguar bean
�It is used in paper, textile, oil drilling, mining, explosives,
ore flotation, and other various industrial applications
Demand Development
� The demand of this gum is high in international market as in recent past due to its application in crude oil drilling and shell gas industry, which resulted in hike in price up to Rs. 32,000/quintal of seedof seed
� The production zones are expanding to new areas where identification of suitable variety is the need of the hour
Growth conditions of Guar
�Guar basically grown under arid rain fed conditions
�Guar grows well under a wide range of soil conditions and has good capabilities to fix atmospheric capabilities to fix atmospheric nitrogen.
�Guar tolerates high temperatures and dry conditions and is adapted to arid and semi-arid climates
�Guar is susceptible to water logging. Guar is considered to be tolerant of both soil salinity and alkalinity
Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub)
�The present research work aimed at addressing the issues to optimize the environmental conditions visa visidentification of suitable varieties for different varieties for different locations
�This will help to expand the areas of cultivation as well as improving the productivity there by enhancing the livelihood opportunities to the poor farmers
Five genotypes of cluster bean were obtained from Rajasthan
Agricultural University (RAU)
� RGC-1017
� RGC-1025
� RGC-936
� RGC-986 � RGC-986
� HGS- 365
Growth conditions:
Two seasons- Summer and Kharif (rainy) season to have
variable temperature, RH & photoperiod
� Rainy (Kharif) Crop- July to October 2013
� Summer Crop- March to June 2014
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15-Jul-13 25-Jul-13 4-Aug-13 14-Aug-13 24-Aug-13 3-Sep-13 13-Sep-13 23-Sep-13 3-Oct-13 13-Oct-13 23-Oct-13 2-Nov-13
Te
mp
era
ture
(°C
)
Temperatures-Kharif
Max T Min T
Min T Max T
MIN 17.3 23.1
MAX 23.1 32.2
Average 21.32 29.37
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21-Jan-14 10-Feb-14 2-Mar-14 22-Mar-14 11-Apr-14 1-May-14 21-May-14 10-Jun-14
Te
mp
era
ture
(°C
)
Temperatures- Summer
Max T Min T
Min T Max T
MIN 14.2 25.4
MAX 28 39.5
Average 21.28 34.38
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15-Jul-13 25-Jul-13 4-Aug-13 14-Aug-13 24-Aug-13 3-Sep-13 13-Sep-13 23-Sep-13 3-Oct-13 13-Oct-13 23-Oct-13 2-Nov-13
RH
(%
)
Relative humidity- Kharif
Kharif Summer
MIN 43 16
MAX 98 86
Average 63.87 38.40
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21-Jan-14 10-Feb-14 2-Mar-14 22-Mar-14 11-Apr-14 1-May-14 21-May-14 10-Jun-14
RH
(%
)
Relative humidity- Summer
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RF
(m
m)
Rainfall-Kharif
No. of Rainy days=28
Total RF= 341.5 mm
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RF
(m
m)
Rainfall- SummerNo. of Rainy days=11
Total RF= 106.6 mm
Results
� Summer Crop- March to June 2014
� Rainy (Kharif) Crop- July to October 2013
Observations recorded on
Days to 50% flowering Root biomass
Plant height Total biomassPlant height Total biomass
No. of Branches No. of Pods
Leaf area Pod weight
Leaf biomass Seed number
Stem biomass Seed Yield
Root length 100 seed weight
Root volume HI
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10
20
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60
RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365
To
tal
Bio
ma
ss (
g/p
l)
Total Biomass Summer
Kharif
The selected genotypes varied in their response to seasons.
Majority of the genotypes produced higher biomass during summer season as compared with kharif except
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10
20
30
40
50
60
Summer Kharif
To
tal
Bio
ma
ss (
g/p
l)
Total Biomass
RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365
RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365compared with kharif except HGS-365
RGC 1017 and RGC 1025 registered less reduction in total biomass during kharif
Reduction was high in RGC 986 and RGC 936 during kharif
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5
10
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30
RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365
Po
d w
t. (
g/p
l)
Pod Weight Summer
Kharif
Majority of the genotypes produced more pod weight during summer season as compared with kharif.
The genotype HGS 365 produced more pod weight in kharif season than in summer and RGC986 recorded lowest pod
RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365
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5
10
15
20
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30
Summer Kharif
Po
d w
t. (
g/p
l)
Pod Weight
RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365
RGC986 recorded lowest pod weight
In summer season the genotypes RGC936 and RGC1025 recorded highest pod weight
During Kharif there was lot of variation in pod weight
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Se
ed
wt.
(g
/pl)
Seed Yield Summer
Kharif All the genotypes showed improved performance in seed weight in Summer season than Kharif
In summer, RGC 936 recorded highest seed weight (15.11 g/pl) followed by RGC1025 (14.78 g/pl)
0
RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365 In Kharif, RGC 1025 recorded highest seed weight (9.53 g/pl) followed by HGS 365 (7.3 g/pl)
Though HGS365 recorded improved total biomass and pod weight in kharif, its seed yield was reduced in kharif
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
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Summer Kharif
Se
ed
wt.
(g/p
l)
Seed Yield
RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365
100
se
ed
wt.
(g
)
Test weight Summer
Kharif
There was non significant difference for 100 seed weight during summer season
The seeds of RGC936(3.3 g) and RGC1025 (3.4 g) were bold than all the genotypes in summer season
RGC1017 and HGS365 maintained RGC1017 and HGS365 maintained 100 seed weight in both seasons with least reduction
RGC986 and RGC1025 showed lowest test weight than the other genotypes in Kharif
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Summer Kharif
100
se
ed
wt.
(g
)
Test weight
RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365
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5
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30
RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365
Ha
rve
st I
nd
ex
(%
)
HI Summer
Kharif
In summer season, the variation between genotypes was meager for Harvest Index, however it is significant in kharif
RGC1017, RGC936 and RGC1025 recorded better HI in kharif than summer season
RGC1017 recorded highest HI RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365 RGC1017 recorded highest HI (22%) and RGC986 and HGS 365 (20%) recorded lower HI in summer season
RGC1025 recorded highest HI (25%) and RGC986 (13%) recorded lowest HI in Kharif
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10
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Summer Kharif
Ha
rve
st I
nd
ex
(%
)
HI
RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365
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RGC1017
RGC986
RGC936
Reduction (%) in Kharif over Summer
All the genotypes except HGS-365 recorded reduction in majority of the parameters in Kharif season
Kharif season was favoring the improvement in Total biomass, Vegetative biomass, Fodder biomass and pod wt. of HGS 365RGC936
RGC1025
HGS365
T.biomass Veg biomass Fodder biomassPod.wt seed wt 100 seed wtHI
wt. of HGS 365
All parameters of RGC986 reduced in kharif season
The impact of seasons was minimum on different parameters of RGC 1017 followed by RGC 1025
-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100
T.biomass
Veg biomass
Fodder biomass
Reduction (%) in Kharif over Summer Seed weight and Test weight reduced in kharif season in all the genotypes
Total biomass, vegetative biomass, fodder biomass of HGS365 improved from 65 to 167% during Kharif than Summer season.
The reduction in pod and seed Pod.wt
seed wt
100 seed wt
HI
RGC1017 RGC986 RGC936 RGC1025 HGS365
The reduction in pod and seed weight was higher than biomass parameters of all the genotypes except HGS365 in kharif season
The seasonal response of HI differed in different genotypes due to differential response of seed yield and total biomass of individual genotype
Conclusions
�Performance of all the selected five cluster bean genotypes reduced in kharif season as compared with summer season
�There is variation in genotype as well as parameter response to different seasons response to different seasons
�The reduction in yield and yield parameters was more than biomass parameters in kharif season
�The genotypes RGC 1017 and RGC 1025 maintained total biomass with better seed yield during kharif
�The genotype HGS365 with improved biomass and moderate seed yield during kharif may serve as dual purpose crop with better fodder biomass