Overview of tpp
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![Page 1: Overview of tpp](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051314/54bbcc954a7959c42d8b4578/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Punj Lloyd
Thermal Power Plant
By,Sadhana...
Engineer
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At present, India’s total installed power capacity stands at 1,47,402.81MW. Of this, the contribution of each sources are
Thermal - 93,392MW
Hydro - 36,647.76MW
Nuclear sources - 4,120 MW
Renewable energy - 13,242.41 MW.
India’s power generation capacity 68% below target in 2009. There is a huge demand for power in FY10.It is expected to grow by 4.6% with a
capacity of 7,730 MW are likely in FY10.
Power Generation in 2008-09 & Requirement in 2010
Punj Lloyd
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Mechanical Energy Electrical Energy
1. Thermal Station: The turbine is rotated by steam which is produced by the heat generated by burning fuel in a Boiler.
2. Hydel Power Plant: The mechanical energy is produced by inducing high pressure water through a nozzle onto the turbine.
3. Nuclear Power Plant: Nuclear power is power (generally electrical) produced from controlled (i.e., non- explosive) nuclear Reactions i.e. fission or Fusion.
Types of Power PlantsPunj Lloyd
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The coal is brought and crushed to powder. This is feed to Boiler for producing heat In Boiler the water is converted to steam. In Super heater the moisture content is removed from the steam and that steam is
called super heated steam The superheated steam rotates the shaft of the High pressure turbine The Exhausted steam is sent to preheater and the steam then rotates the Intermediate
pressure(IP) Turbine The steam from the IP turbine is then feed to low pressure turbine. The turbine shaft is connected to the Generator, which produces Electric Power. The power generated is then Transmitted.
Operation MechanismPunj Lloyd
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Thermal Power Plant
Power plant order is placed on EPC contract, which is divided into 2 parts
BOP includes supply , erection and commissioning of complete plant excluding Boiler, Turbine & Generator.
Punj Lloyd
EPC
BOPBalance of
plant 40% of total contract
value
CBOPCivil
contributes 25%
EBOPElectrical
contrbutes15%
BTG60% of total
contract value
Boiler, Turbine & Generator
MBOP Mechanical Contributes 60%
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Boiler, Turbine & Generator includes supply, erection & commissioning of Boiler Turbine Generator
BTG constitutes Approximately 60% of total contract value
Balance of Plant is given as a separate contract which include supply, erection & commissioning of
Coal Handling Plant Water Handling Plant( water treatment) Ash Handling Plant Switch Yard Switch Gear
This constitutes Approximately 40% of total contract value
BTG & BOPPunj Lloyd
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Boiler
Air
Air
Fuel HFO,LDO & Coal
Boiler
Fuel HFO,LDO & Coal
Dryer
Air compressor
FD Fan
Atmospheric Air
The boiler is fed with HFO and LDO initially to ignite the coal in the Boiler. Types of boilers:1. Water tube Boiler: A boiler in which water circulates in tubes heated externally by the
fire.2. Fire tube Boiler: Water is present in the drum inside the boiler and Hot air is
circulated around to maintain the temperature.
Punj Lloyd
• The fuel and air are feed from 2 directions to increase the efficiency
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In a Thermal Power Plant generally 3 turbines are used to increase the efficiency. High Pressure Turbine(HPT): The superheated steam is directly fed to this turbine to rotate it. Intermediate Pressure Turbine(IPT): The out put from the HPT is reheated in a reheater(RH) and
used to rotate IPT . Low Pressure Turbine(LPT): The Exhausted steam from the IPT is directly fed to rotate the shaft of
LPT.
Turbine
Condenser
HPT IPT LPT
RH
Steam
Super Heater
Generator
Steam
Shaft
*All the turbines are connected to a single shaft which is connected to the Generator.
Punj Lloyd
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The Synchronous Generator is used to Generate power by connecting the shaft of the Turbine to the shaft of the generator which cuts the magnetic flux producing Emf.
The Generated Voltage will generally 11KV to 20 KV max. The Generated Voltage is stepped up by connecting Step up transformer and is
transmitted and is also used for Auxiliary purposes.
Generator
Bus Duct
Punj Lloyd
Generator Transformer20KV to 400KV
SYNCHRONOUSGENERATOR
UAT20Kv to 6.KV
Unit Auxiliary Transformer: This transformer is used to step down the produced voltage and use for Auxiliary purpose.
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Raw Coal Wagon- Coal is brought to the site through a Wagon as per requirement.
Wagon tippler-The coal is unloaded from the Wagon and is transported to crushers and for storage place through conveyor.
Junction tower- JT’s are used where the conveyor has any angular deviation.
Primary Crusher-The Raw coal is crushed into fine pieces to 45mm grit).
Primary crusher is also called Rotary Breaker since the coal is crushed by a rotating plate.
Secondary Crusher-The fine pieces of coal is crushed to powder (to 25mm grit)
Rejected- The stones and unwanted
coal is rejected
Coal Handling PlantPunj Lloyd
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Stacker & Reclaimer- It is used to store the powdered coal for emergency purpose
Two way conveyor
Atmospheric air (Through FD fan)
Punj Lloyd
Junction Tower
Mill Bunker-The 25mm grit coal is crushed into very fine powder for feeding the boiler.
We will have a spare Bunker for each Boiler.
BOILER
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Water in a Power Plant is used for
1. Production of Steam- for rotating turbine.
2. Cooling Purpose- For cooling of various equipment .
Water is recycled and used for various purpose:
Water Handling Plant(WHP)
3% of water is wasted during this process. Appx 4 cubic mt water is lost /day/MW
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Raw Water
Purified DM water
For cooling purpos
e
Steam
Condenser
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Reservoir
Water Clarification
DM Plant(Demineralized Plant)
Chlorification &
Filtration
Various Equipment Cooling Water
Cooling Tower
CT
Auxiliary cooling Water (ACW)
DMCWP
DMCW Demineralized cooling Water
CWPCT CWP CWP
Steam to Water
Cool water from CWP
Condenser
Boiler
Steam
water
Cool water
Hot water
Hot WellDearator
25D 35D
25D 20D
PHE
Various Equipment
D-Degrees
CWP-cooling water Pump
PHE-Pre heat Exchange
Water Cycle
Punj Lloyd
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The Ash from the boiler is collected in two forms:
1. Bottom Ash(Slurry):It’s a waste which is dumped into a Ash Pond
2. Fly ash: Fly ash is separated from Flue Gases in ESP(Electro static Precipitator).
Ash Handling Plant
Fly Ash & Flue Gases
Economizer ESP
Bottom ash(wet ash)
Ash Pond
Boiler
Cylo
Cement Factory
Economizer : Reduces the temperature
Chimney
Fly ash
Flue Gases
Flue Gases
Punj Lloyd
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DCS-Distributed Control System
DCS- It merges all communication capabilities of IED’s across a network to perform protection,control,metering and Automation scheme.
Substation Automation-The systems used to monitor & control power systems It typically include Station
SW, HMI, Bay Control / Automation . Protection units, Protection devices, Telecommunication systems and interfaces, Data gateways, plus comprehensive engineering, Project management, maintenance and training.
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