Overview of the Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

March 2017

Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

In May 2016, the Cabinet adopted the Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures which incorporates mitigation targets regardingthe reduction and removal of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Accordingly, MAFF formulated its plan for global warmingcountermeasures in March 2017, with the aim of promoting measures to mitigate global warming in the agriculture, forestry andfisheries (AFF) sector comprehensively and strategically.

MAFF will carry out this plan in combination with another related plan, the Climate Change Adaptation Plan formulated in August2015.*

* In November 2015, the Cabinet also adopted the National Plan for Adaptation to the Impacts of Climate Change, which will be carried out in combination with the Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures as government-wide initiatives.

Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures Initiatives to achieve the mid-term target (26% reduction

by FY2030) Strategic initiatives to achieve the long-term target (80%

reduction by 2050) Synergistic improvement of environment, economy and

society

International movements Paris Agreement (aiming to hold the increase in the global

average temperature well below 2°C above the pre-industrial levels and achieve a balance betweenanthropogenic emissions by sources and removals bysinks of GHG in the second half of this century)

Actions for Cool Earth 2.0 (two-fold contribution composedto assistance of developing countries and innovation)

G7 Niigata Agriculture Ministers' Meeting (importance ofvarious international platforms related to climate changesand agriculture, and promotion of internationalcollaborative research using these platforms)

Current status of GHG emissions and removals In Japan, where CO2 accounts for a large part of GHG

emissions, the total percentage of emissions in the AFFsector is small but the percentages of CH4 and N2Oemissions are large in this sector. Most of sinks areforests and croplands. On the other hand, emissions inthe AFF sector account for a large share in developingcountries.

Overall composition of the MAFF Plan for Global WarmingCountermeasures

IntroductionPart I Basic Concept of the Global Warming Countermeasures in the AFFSectorPart II Measures to Achieve Targets

Part III Progress ManagementAppendix Timeline １

1. Global Warming Countermeasures(1) Global warming countermeasures in the agriculture sector (2) Global warming countermeasures in the food sector(3) Measures for forest carbon sinks(4) Global warming countermeasures in the fisheries sector(5) Cross-sectoral measures(6) Measures under the MAFF's initiative

2. Research and technology development relating to global warming countermeasures in the AFF sector

(1) Promotion of development of technologies for reduction GHG emissions

(2) Promotion of application of research achievements3. International cooperation in global warming countermeasures in the

AFF sector(1) Response to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest

degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries

(2) Promotion of international collaborative research on reduction of GHG emissions

(3) Cooperation with international organizations

Outline of the Planned Global Warming Countermeasures <Agriculture Sector (1)>

Energy conservation measures for greenhouse horticulture

Energy conservation measures for agricultural machinery

Promoting initiatives toward creating production areas using energy-saving technology

Promoting the introduction of heating systems using renewable energy sources such as sunlight and the geo-heat and that are not dependent on fuel oil

Disseminating infrared grain drying systems and high-speed puddling machine

Upgrading, distributing and disseminating the "Manual for Energy-Efficient Use of Agricultural Machinery"

Promoting initiatives toward revitalizing markets for energy-saving agricultural machinery and improving energy-efficient performance of agricultural machinery to enable farmers to easily choose tractors and combines with higher energy efficiency and CO2 reduction effect than conventional models

GHG emission reduction measures for agricultural soil

Informing the effectiveness in reducing CH4 by composting rice straw instead of incorporating into paddy fields and, extending the period of midseason drainage

Promoting development of compost manufacturing facilities

Promoting exchange between rice straw and compost through intensified cooperation between crop farmers and livestock farmers

Reviewing the prefectural recommendation of fertilization and promoting optimization of fertilizer application rate through soil test, split fertilizer application, and use of slow release fertilizer

Infrared grain drying system

High-speed puddling machine

* 15% fuel cut * 10% fuel cut

Heat pump, woody biomass heater, Multilayer covering Promotion of new initiatives through social

and economic partnerships with users, coupled with the demonstration of energy-saving technology

UsersProducers

We want to make our production area competitive.

・PR campaign featuring low-carbon production (acquisition of credits under the J-Credit Scheme)・Low cost・Stable production for year-round supply

・We want to use environmentally-friendly agricultural products.・We want to procure agricultural products stably.

A new heating system that efficiently uses natural heat sources (e.g. solar heat, geo-heat) that have not been used

Reduction of CH4 emissions from paddy fields

Composting rice straw instead of incorporating into paddy fields

Extending the period for midseason drainage (by about one week)

Optimize fertilizer application rate based on soil test

Reduction of N2O from fertilizer application

Construction of compost shed

Spraying compost

Grooving for midseason drainage Midseason drainage

• Promoting the use of energy-saving high-speed puddling machine and infrared gain drying systems

• Promoting the use of the updated version of the "Manual for Energy-Efficient Use of Agricultural Machinery" (March 2016)

• Promoting the use of tractors and combines with higher energy efficiency and CO2reduction effect than conventional models

2

Energy conservation measures for greenhouse horticulture

Energy conservation measures for agricultural machinery

GHG emission reduction measures for agricultural soil

Geo-heatHeat storage

Solar heat

Warm air in the greenhouse in daytime

Recycling of agricultural waste materials

Measures for agricultural soil carbon sinks

Collecting and analyzing information on the amount of waste plastics used for agriculture

Providing guidance to further promote proper treatment according to the basic policies of reduction and recycling of waste materials through regional committees

Informing of measures related to industrial waste

Promoting the application of organic matters to soil through implementation of eco-friendly agriculture and collaboration between crop farming and livestock farming

GHG emission reduction measures in the livestock sector

Promoting the application of the improved method for livestock excrement management depending on the regional circumstances

Promoting the use of ideal amino acid feedsPromoting the improved method for livestock

excrement treatment and other technology for reducing GHG emission

3

Recycling of agricultural waste materials

Measures for agricultural soil carbon sinks

GHG emission reduction measures in the livestock sector

73%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2012

Recycling

Landfilling

Incineration

Other

Waste plastics used for agriculture, by type of treatment

g CO2equivalent/day/animal

200

100

0

39% reduction of GHG emissions

Amount of waste plastics used for agriculture (unit: 1,000 t)1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2012

193 191 180 179 168 193 193 193 123 118

Outline of the Planned Global Warming Countermeasures <Agriculture Sector (2)>

Mechanism of carbon storage in cropland and grassland

Farmland and grassland soil

Decomposition by soil

microorganisms

Nutrients

(1) Returning crop residues to cropland

(2) Application of compost and green manure

PhotosynthesisRespiration

Organic carbon in soil

Crop residue, compost, green manure

(3) Recalcitrant soil organic carbon (humus)

* The amount of (3) increases along with the increase in the amounts of (1) and (2).

Common feeds Ideal amino acid feeds

Reduction of GHG emissions by treatment of excretion of pigs (Nagata, et al., 2011)

Amount of nitrogen supplyCommon

feedsIdeal amino acid feeds Supply Production

Excess nitrogen

Excretion

Amount of protein accumulationCommon

feedsIdeal amino acid feeds

Amount of nitrogen emission

Common feeds

Feeds with a good amino acid balance

Reduce N2O generated

from nitrogen in livestock excretion

Ideal amino acid feedsThe amino acid

balance is improved

Eliminating excess protein to control the total amount of proteinBarrel Theory

(Liebig's Law of the Minimum)

Formulation of low-carbon society action plans in the food industry

Measures for energy conservation and GHG emission reduction in the food industry

Strengthening encouragement of industry associations to formulate low-carbon society action plans with targets for 2030

Encouraging industry associations to invite more companies to participate in the Commitment to a Low-Carbon Society with targets for 2030

Encouraging industry associations that have achieved the target levels set in their action plans to consider setting higher target levels

Encouraging other industries and associations that have not yet participated in the Commitment to a Low-Carbon Society to formulate their action plans

Thoroughly promoting energy conservation through the assessment and classification of business entities and the intensive investigation of business entities making less progress in energy conservation, based on periodic reports under Energy Conservation Act

Reviewing successful cases of introducing equipment and machinery with high energy efficiency that can be used widely among SMEs

Promoting reporting of emission data from business entities that emit a certain amount of GHG

Informing business entities regarding the outline and significance of the Energy Conservation Act and the Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures

Providing guidance on the inspection and maintenance of refrigerating, freezing, and air-conditioning systems using CFC as refrigerants and the collection and proper management of the data on loading and recovery of refrigerants; and promoting the introduction of devices using natural refrigerants with a very small GHG effect 4

Manager

Inspection (summary inspection; periodic inspection)

Record

•Maintenance

service provider•C

FC loading and

recovery service provider

Request repair quickly when finding refrigerant leakage

Inspection and maintenance

records

Explain the necessity of repair when finding refrigerant leakage

Explain the necessity of repair when finding refrigerant leakage

Disclose

As of March 2017 Low-carbon society action plans in food industry (targets for FY2030)

g y g gInspection and maintenance by managers of refrigerating, freezing, and air-conditioning systems using CFC as refrigerants

Outline of the Planned Global Warming Countermeasures <Food Sector (1)>

Association name Target index Benchmark fiscal year

Target level for FY2030

Japan Sugar Refiners' Association CO2 emissions FY1990 -33%Japan Soy - Sauce Association CO2 emissions FY1990 -23%Japan Dairy Industry Association CO2 emissions FY2013 -15%

All Nippon Kashi Association CO2 emissions FY2013 -17%CO2 emission intensity FY2013 -17%

Japan Oilseeds Processors Association

CO2 emissions FY1990 -8%CO2 emission intensity FY1990 -16%

National Association of Class Mayonnaise Dressing

CO2 emissions FY2012 -21.7%CO2 emission intensity FY2012 -18.2%

Japan Convenience Foods Industry Association CO2 emission intensity FY1990 -21%

Japan Starch & Sweeteners Industry Association CO2 emission intensity FY2005 -5%

All Japan Coffee Association CO2 emission intensity FY2005 -25%Japan Soft Drink Association CO2 emission intensity FY2012 -18%JAPAN Flour Millers Association CO2 emission intensity FY2013 -32.1%Japan Rice Millers Association Energy consumption intensity FY2005 -12%Japan Canners Association Energy consumption intensity FY2009 -1% (annual average)Japan Beet Sugar Association Energy consumption intensity FY2010 -15%Japan Ham & Sausage Processors Cooperative Association

Energy consumption intensity FY2011 -1% (annual average)

Nihon Hamburg & Hamburger Association Energy consumption intensity FY2011 -1% (annual average)

Japan Processed Food wholesalers Association Energy consumption intensity FY2011 -5%

Japan Frozen Food Association Energy consumption intensity FY2013 -17.4%Japan Foodservice Association Energy consumption calorie

intensity FY2013 -15.7%

Japan Baking Industry Association - - To be set in FY2016

Reducing food loss and waste by extending the delivery-by date and introducing the labeling of the best-before date only by the year and month

Reduction of food loss and waste

• Putting peaches in elastic nonwoven fabric to protect them from shaking

• Reducing the damage rate of peaches to 10 percent

Protection during transportExtending the best-before date

• Achieving high barrier performance by applying the multilayer structure

• Extending the best-before period from seven months to 12 months

Making it possible to use up the content

• Improving the shape of the opening of the tube of wasabi to make it easy to squeeze up the content

Successful initiatives for improving performance of containers and packages

Reduction of food loss and waste and food recycling

Containers and packaging recycling

Reducing food waste by extending the delivery-by date and reviewing business practice by introducing the labeling of the best-before date only by the year and month

Preparing and disseminating the food recycling manual for the food service industry where food recycling has not yet been promoted sufficiently

Publishing and raising awareness of the guidelines for promoting food bank activities

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Two months

Manufacturing date

Delivery-by date

Sell-by date Best-before

date

Manufacturer

Three months

Wholesaler

Supermarket (retail sales)

Before the delivery-by

date is extended

Two months

Two months

The sell-by date is set by each retailer.

Discount, waste

Labeling by the year, month, and day(2017.02.17)

Labeling only by the year and month (2017.01)• Food loss arising due

to the first-in, first-out rule

• Complicated management in the distribution and retail stages

• Avoiding food loss arising due to the first-in, first-out rule

• Improving efficiency in the distribution and retail stages

• Shortening the best-before period by one month at the maximum by not indicating the day

Collecting successful initiatives for improving performance of containers and packages and raising consumer awareness by holding seminars

Raising awareness of the Containers and Packaging Recycling Act among business entities and encouraging them to perform their obligations

Food loss

Reduction of food loss

Reduction of the impact on the environment caused by the distribution of food and beverage

productsPromoting initiatives such as joint transport and

delivery and modal shiftPromoting the production and use of energy

using new energy sources such as solar power in wholesale markets

Promoting efficient logistics through introduction of returnable containers, and introduction of power-saving equipment

* First-in, first-out rule: Taking only products with the best-before date that comes later than that of the products currently in stockExample: In the case of the best-before date indicated by the year, month, and day, if the best-before date of the products in

stock is "February 17, 2017," products which are best on or before "February 16, 2017" should not be taken into stock. If thebest-before date may be indicated only by the year and month, it is possible to reduce food waste that may arise in the distribution stage by taking products with earlier best-before dates in stock.

Outline of the Planned Global Warming Countermeasures <Food Sector (2)>

After the delivery-by

date is extended

Food loss

Sound forest management

6

[Paris Agreement]

Proper management and conservation of protection forests

Fostering efficient and stable forestry management entities

Promoting wider participation of citizens in forest management activities

Promoting wood and woody biomass use

Kyoto ProtocolFirst commitment

periodFrom 2008 to 2012

Kyoto ProtocolSecond commitment period

From 2013 to 2020

Paris AgreementFrom 2021

GHG emission reductions target

Period average: 6.0% (compared to FY1990)

Period averageN.A.

FY2020: 3.8% or more (compared to FY2005)

FY2030: 26.0%(compared to FY2013)

Target amount of removals by forest sinks

Period average: 3.8% (compared to FY1990)

Period average: 3.5% (compared to

FY1990)

FY2020: 2.7% or more (compared to FY2005)

FY2030: 2.0% or more (compared to FY2013)

Forest area needed to be managed (thinning

area)

Annual average: 780,000 ha

(550,000 ha)Annual average: 810,000 ha (520,000 ha)

Annual average*: 900,000 ha (450,000 ha)

* Average for the ten years from 2021 to 2030

[Reference: Japan's GHG emission reductions target, amount of removals by forest sinks, and managed forest area]

[Securing funds for forest carbon sinks measures]- Enhancing the use of Global Warming Countermeasure Tax to promote the use of woody

biomass energy and wood as material inputs- Considering a specific scheme to establish a new tax to be used for forest improvement

projects carried out under the initiative of municipalities, aiming to put it in operation at an early time

Enhancing forest carbon sinks

measures

- Conserving and enhancing sinks and reservoirs of GHGs including forests- Achieving a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of GHGs in the second half of this century

Promoting forest improvement activities such as thinning of planted forests including through reinforcing forest road networks as well as expanding conifer-broadleaved mixed forests

Promoting replanting by reducing tree planting costs, developing and increasing availability of high growth potential seeds and seedlings, and introducing counter measures to protect young trees and seedlings from wildlife damages, etc.

Restocking of treeless forestland at the earliest possible and restoring abandoned forests near human habitats

Proper conservation and management under the protection and protected forest system

Forest conservation projects for devastated forests Taking preventive measures to manage and control damage from

diseases, insects, wild animals and forest fires

Identifying the ownership and boundaries of small-scale private forests, and coordinating and consolidating forest management practices

Improving productivity by introducing efficient operation systems that combine forest road networks and high-performance forestry machinery

Securing workforce and building capacity of forestry practitioners, entrusting forest management to motivated entities and practitioners, and implementing forest management by public entities

Raising public awareness through greening events and the National Campaign for Development of Beautiful Forests

Improving skills of forest volunteers and raising awareness for labor safety

Enhancing forest and environment education

Promoting the use of wood for residential and nonresidential buildings and public buildings

Research and development on new technologies for wider use of forest products and new woody materials

Establishing an efficient and low-cost system for woody biomass collection and transportation, and promoting the use of woody biomass as energy sources and material inputs

Outline of the Planned Global Warming Countermeasures <Forest carbon sinks measures>

Measures for energy conservation and GHG emission reduction for fishing vessels

Energy conservation measures for fishing ports and fishing grounds

Promoting proper maintenance of fishing vessels and navigation management by fishers

Promoting initiatives for the demonstration of energy-saving technology for fisheries by fishing vessels and introduction of energy-efficient fishing vessels

Providing guidance on the inspection and maintenance of refrigerating, freezing, and air-conditioning systems using CFC as refrigerants mounted on fishing vessels and the collection and proper management of the data on loading and recovery of refrigerants

Establishing an efficient collection and shipping system at fishing ports that serve as distribution bases

Promoting the integrated development of power generation facilities using renewable energy to improve performance of fishing port facilities such as cargo handling facilities

Promoting the development of fish reefs where migratory fish can swarm and reside

Conservation and creation of seaweed beds

Identifying the sea environment including the distribution of seaweed beds and bottom sediments

Promoting measures to effectively and efficiently conserve and create seaweed beds through the combination of tangible and intangible infrastructure

7

Jack mackerels swarming around the fish reef

Fishing port where an efficient collection and shipping system has been established

Using solar panels to supply part of electricity

to markets

Construction of grounded substrate structure

(tangible infrastructure)

Removal of creatures doing biting damage

(intangible infrastructure)Conservation and creation

of seaweed beds

Saury stick-held dip net fishery

Reducing about 30 to 40% of fuel oil consumption per voyage

Reducing the weight of trawl fishing implements by using fiber that is four times stronger than the conventional fiber (the white parts in the picture)

Reducing about 20% of fuel oil consumption when pulling the nets

y gSuccessful cases of introduction of energy-saving technology for fisheries by fishing vessels

Introducing LED fish-luring lumps Energy-saving technology using fishing implements made of low-resistance material

Measures to conserve and create seaweed beds through the combination of tangible and intangible infrastructure

Energy conservation measures for fishing ports and fishing grounds

Outline of the Planned Global Warming Countermeasures <Fisheries Sector>

Promotion of the use of biomass Supporting initiatives carried out independently by regional communities to use limited resources effectively and thoroughly through multistage

use, including: the advanced use of biomass according to the characteristics of each type of biomass in a manner such that it will help produce products with greater economic value; collection and reuse of used biomass; and use of by-products

Promoting the active use of biogas as a heat source Promoting the development of methods for mixed use of biomass in accordance with the regional circumstances, and technology for using

surplus heat generated from power generation and by-products generated in the biogas producing process such as digestive fluid Widely sharing successful initiatives and know-how on the use of biomass to promote these initiatives beyond sector boundaries

( y ) Ideal scheme of regional use of biomass based on the new Basic Plan for the Promotion of Biomass Utilization

(adopted by the Cabinet in September 2016)

Outline of the Planned Global Warming Countermeasures <Cross-sectoral countermeasures (1)>

8

Sharing successful cases widely & horizontal deployment of businesses

Sustainable society with less environmental impact Revitalization of agricultural, forestry,fishery industries and agricultural, forestry, fishery villages Creation of new industry

To local public bodies, etc.

Biogas plant

Municipal biomass utilization promotion plan(Regional construction based on the biomass industry)

(Image of action)

Upland farming farmer & horticultural farmer Cattle farmer

Food processing facilities Public facilities & retail stores, etc.

Agricultural residue, etc.

Electricity, heat, fluid fertilizer Livestock excrement

Electricity, heat, letter

Food waste

Electricity & heat Food waste & excreta

Electricity & heat

(Products)retailers

(Farm products) To processing facilities &retailers

Building an integrated system ensuring economy

(Livestock products)

To processing facilities &retailers

Advanced use (Generate more economic value)＜Traditional＞

Livestock excrement

＜Advanced use＞

Compost

Livestock excrement

Reduction to farmland & meadow

Composting

MethaneFermentation

Gas

Refining &Concentrating

Facility horticulture &City gas substitutions

ElectricitySelf-consumption & selling electricity, etc.

HeatHeating & hot water supply, etc.

of facilities

Digestive juice

Biogas

Cogeneration

Reduction to farmland & meadow

Multi-step use (Use the limited resources thoroughly)

Logs for lumbering Small-diameter logs Branches and leaves

Lumber & Processing (sawmills)

(Straight timber)(Bend material, short-size material)(Low-quality material) (Treetop)

Chip manufacturing Pellet production

Sawing products(Boards, squared

timbers, etc.)Wooden

boardPaper

Fertilizer & feed

Electricity & heat

(Construction materials) (Collecting) (Collecting ash & CO2)

SawdustMills ends

Waste woodsDismantled wood

(Utilization)(Reuse)

Heat utilization・ In the agricultural production sites and regional heat demand facilities, heat utilization can be expected to be alternative for fossil fuel.・ Half of energy demand is for heat, especially about 80% of the energy consumption in agricultural production sites is heat utilization, so promote heat utilization of biomass. * The energy efficiency of heat utilization is better than power generation. (Heat utilization: about 60 to 90%, Power generation: about 10 to 40%)・ Accelerate the activities of "cogeneration" that precedes the utilization of surplus heat in power generation which is not currently utilized sufficiently.

(Promoting better energy-efficient heat use)

Promotion of the J-Credit Scheme Informing the J-Credit Scheme by holding

environment-related events Operating the J-Credit Scheme in a manner that many

people and entities can participate in the scheme Promoting initiatives beyond sectoral boundaries by

providing information on best practices of the use of the J-Credit Scheme in respective regions

Promoting the visibility of CO2 emissions in the AFF sector by providing easy-to-grasp information

Improving the calculation method of GHG emissions using the LCA approach for agricultural facilities C

alculation of GH

G em

issions from

agricultural facilities and reduction thereof

Assessment of GHG emissions and reduction throughout the life cycle

• Emissions from farming activities and reduction thereof

• Emissions from soil and reduction thereof

Emissions and reduction in the use phase

Emissions in the disposal phase

Emissions in the construction phase

gCalculation of GHG emission and reduction using the LCA approach for agricultural facilities

g y Portal Site for CO2 Visibility in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

J-Credit Scheme

Promotion of the introduction of renewable energy in rural communities

Providing support for initiatives carried out by rural communities to develop agriculture, forestry and fisheries with the use of the advantage of renewal energy power generation by promoting the use of the Act on the Use of Renewable Energy in Rural Communities

Providing various supports for efforts to introduce small-scale hydroelectric generation with the use of agricultural irrigation facilities

Promoting initiatives for the integrated use of woody biomass, including: enabling a stable supply of roundwood; developing and disseminating an efficient collection and transportation system; scaling up woody biomass-related facilities; establishing consultation and support schemes; and conducting technology development

Measures under the MAFF's initiative Promoting energy conservation measures in MAFF's

work and projects ahead of other sectors, by means such as introducing LED lighting and next-generation vehicles

Returning part of income from selling electricity to the community by using it as

funds for the development of young farmers

Receiving a proposal on the installation of renewable energy power generation facilities for the effective use of devastated farmland and regional revitalization

Contributing to the GHG emission reduction and regional revitalization by promoting the introduction of renewable energy in harmony with sound development of agriculture, forestry and fisheries

Examples of use of renewable energy in rural communities Examples of use of renewable energy in rural communities

9

Outline of the Planned Global Warming Countermeasures <Cross-sectoral countermeasures (2)>

Considering the use of the Act on the Use of Renewable Energy in Rural Communities based on the proposal

Central government

Certification of creditsSMEs and local governments

(Introduction of energy-saving or low-carbon facilities)

Heat pump

Advantages: Saving running costs and gaining profit from selling creditsBiomass boiler

Solar power generation

Forest management/afforestation

Capital Credits(CO2 emission reduction

and removal)Fund flow

Large enterprises (Buyers of credits)Advantages: - Achieving the targets set in the low-carbon society action plans- Adjustment for reporting emissions under GHG emissions

reporting system under the Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures

- Carbon offsetting, CSR activities, etc.

Development of technologies for advanced use of woody biomass

Improving the existing emission reduction technology Developing technology that can save labor and

power considerably in agriculture, forestry and fisheries through the use of ICT

Developing GHG emission reduction technology using regionally available agricultural, forestry and fishery resources

Developing emission reduction technology in the livestock sector where practically applicable technology has not yet been established (e.g. Enteric fermentation and Manure management)

Initiatives for practical application and social implementation of R&D achievements made thus far, including: Developing an energy conversion system with

woody biomass Developing technology for converting woody

biomass such as unused thinned wood to useful substances

10

Research and technology development that will contribute to calculating GHG emissions and

removals and improving monitoring

Implementing yearly monitoring on GHG emissions and removals in the AFF sector

Implementing research and technology development that will contribute to improving monitoring techniques and calculation methods necessary for calculating accurate amounts of emissions and removals

Development of GHG emission reduction technology

Lignin (dry powder)

Chemical admixture for

concrete

Potential application

Cellulose nanofiber (CNF)(1.2% CNF dispersion in water)

(Example) Conversion of woody biomass to useful substances

High-performanceCNF composite air

filter

p g gResearch and technology development that will contribute to calculating GHG emissions and removals and improving monitoring

Development of technologies for advanced use of woody biomass

Development of GHG emission reduction technology

CH4

N2O

Research and development relating to individual differences in GHG emissions from livestock animals

Research and development relating to feeding management technology that can reduce GHG emissions

GHG emissions from the livestock sector account for a large share (approx. 34%) of the total emissions in the AFF sector.

Field survey and soil sampling Analytical device for soil organic carbon

Outline of the Planned Global Warming Countermeasures <Research and Technology Development (1)>

Minor components (a few percent)

Lignin(25 to 35%)

Hemicellulose (20 to 25%)

Cellulose (40 to 50%)

Potential application

Promotion of application of research achievements

Sorting out information on research achievements depending on their levels of development and providing it to administrative offices, research institutes, local public entities, and private companies or collaborating with these parties to put the achievements into practice through demonstration, social implementation and dissemination

Preparing a roadmap for each technology field and managing the progress of its implementation depending on the maturity level of technology

Enhancing the information dissemination to foreign countries

Basic research and technology development on forest carbon sinks

Initiatives to enable forests to perform functions as sinks and reservoirs of GHG sustainably, including:Developing climate change mitigating

technology using forests' function to absorb CO2Making continuous efforts for development and

extension of superior varieties to growth that will contribute to forest carbon sinks

Developing monitoring and assessment methods of deforestation and forest degradation as a necessary tool for REDD+ implementation

Advancing technology for assessing the impact of climate changes on forests and forestry using long-term observation data of forest dynamics and CO2 flux

Development of climate change mitigating technology using forests' function to absorb CO2

Development of monitoring and assessment methods of deforestation and forest degradation as a necessary

tool for the REDD+ implementation

Long-term observation of forest dynamics and CO2 flux

Forest dynamicsCO2 flux

Gap in growth by 16 months after planting

Comparison of growth between the conventional variety and second generation plus tree

Holding seminars Providing guidelines

Information dissemination to foreign countries

Accepting trainees from abroad

Basic research and technology development on forest carbon sinks

Promotion of application of research achievementsDissemination of developed research achievements

Central management of research information

Agriculture Forestry Fisheries

Information sharing and collaboration

Researchers (national research institutes)

Experimental station and extension organization

Administrative offices (national government)

Local public entities

UniversitiesPrivate sector

Farmers

11

Outline of the Planned Global Warming Countermeasures <Research and Technology Development (2)>

Tropical forest with diverse ecosystem functions

Building on ecosystem functions

Deforestation and forest degradationAfforestation / reforestation

Enhancing forest carbon sinks

Field test for tree planting; assessment of carbon fixation ability of trees

Holding research presentation meetings

Response to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable

management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries

Promotion of international collaborative research on reduction of GHG emissions

Developing methods for proper evaluation of REDD+ activities and measuring emission reductions depending on the conditions of each country(Note) REDD＋: Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries

Encouraging private companies to participate in REDD+ activities via Japan Public-Private Platform for REDD+ (JP3-REDD+)

Developing rules and guidelines for REDD+ activities under the JCM with JCM partner countries(Note) JCM: Joint Crediting Mechanism

Developing and disseminating applicable technologies for restoring degraded forests and devastated land in developing countries for the use by the governments, private companies and NGOs

Maintaining and enhancing the functions of forests as sinks and reservoirs of GHG by substantially increasing afforestation and reforestation

Developing and disseminating business models on forest conservation in developing countries through sustainable utilization of forest resources in a way that will create added economic value

Promoting international cooperation for use and the distribution of legally-harvested wood and wood products, including ensuring international partnerships to combat illegal logging in foreign countries

Sharing Japan's excellent technologies, knowledge and experience and promoting collaborative research with other countries via various international platforms in the agriculture sector

Strengthening an international network of researchers by hosting the GRA Council meeting in 2017 and serving as its Chair(Note) GRA: Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases

Providing Japan's scientific knowledge to IPCC assessment reports, etc. by sending Japanese experts

Cooperation with international organizations

Promoting the application in developing countries of the methods for the efficient use of biomass, which are compatible with food supply and forest conservation, through collaboration with the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)

Promoting introduction of planting systems and plant varieties that will contribute to reduction of GHG emissions through R&D collaboration with The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)

Promoting initiatives toward maintaining and enhancing the functions of forests as sinks and reservoirs of GHG and developing technology for calculation, assessment and reduction of GHG emitted from agricultural soil in Asia, through collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

Promoting analysis of the causes and mechanism of outbreaks of forest fires caused by the human use of land and resources and disseminating adaptive fire prevention methods targeting local residents, through collaboration with the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)

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(Examples) Recent initiatives

Holding COP22 side event

Promotion of countermeasures for deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries

At the COP22 held in Morocco in November 2016, Japan held a side event aiming to coordinate initiatives to cope with the climate change issue in the agriculture sector.

Japan provided support in Myanmar for the development of methods to calculate carbon stock changes due to forest degradation, as well as human resources development and technology transfer.

Outline of the Planned Global Warming Countermeasures <International Cooperation>

Planned Targets for Global Warming Countermeasures (1)

MeasuresTargets

Index Target fiscal year Target level Note Related plan

Global warming countermeasures in the agriculture sectorEnergy conservation measures forgreenhouse horticulture

Number of energy-efficient machinesintroduced

2020 118,000 units

Government's Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures

2030 173,000 units

Number of sites where energy-efficientfacilities are installed

2020 214,000 sites2030 350,000 sites

Energy conservation measures for agriculturalmachinery Number of energy-efficient agricultural

machines introduced

2020 318,000 units

2030 446,000 units

GHG emission reduction measures foragricultural soil

Percentage of organic mattersmanagement (rice straw: compost: no-amendment)

2020 40:40:20

2030 40:40:20

Amount of demand for chemical fertilizer 2020 403,000 tN2030 417,000 tN

Recycling of waste agricultural materials Increase in the percentage of recycled waste agricultural materials used for agricultureMeasures for agricultural soil carbon sinks

Soil carbon stock change (mineral soil)2020 7,080,000–8,280,000

t-CO2

Average between FY2013 and FY2020

2030 6,960,000～8,900,000 t-CO2

Average between FY2026 FY2030

GHG emission reduction measures in thelivestock sector Promotion of measures in the livestock sector

Global warming countermeasures in the food sectorFormulation of low-carbon society action plansin food industry

Increase in the number of industry associations that have formulated their low-carbon society action plans for 2030 Government's Plan

for Global Warming Countermeasures

Measures for energy conservation and GHGemission reduction in food industry Decrease in the number of business entities making less progress in energy conservation, and promotion of

the introduction of equipment and machinery using natural refrigerants

Reduction of food loss and waste and foodrecycling

Percentage of recycling of food waste infood manufacturing 2019 95% Basic Policy for

Promoting Use of Recyclable Food Resources (Government's Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures)

Percentage of recycling of food waste infood wholesale 2019 70%

Percentage of recycling of food waste infood retail 2019 55%

Percentage of recycling of food waste infood service 2019 50%

Containers and packaging recycling Encouraging business entities to achieve voluntary action plans for the 3R Initiative (reduce, reuse, recycling) for containers and packaging (Government's Plan

for Global Warming Countermeasures)

Reduction of the impact on the environmentcaused by the distribution of food andbeverage products

Promoting initiatives such as joint transport and delivery and modal shift; and promoting efficient logistics and introduction of power-saving equipment in wholesale markets

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Planned Targets for Global Warming Countermeasures (2)

MeasuresTargets

Index Target fiscal year Target level Note Related plan

Forest carbon sinks measuresSound forest management

Forest management area

2020 810,000 ha Average between FY2016 and FY2020 Government's Plan for

Global Warming Countermeasures

Proper management and conservation of protectionforestsFostering efficient and stable forestry managemententitiesPromoting wider participation of citizens in forestmanagement activities 2030 900,000 ha Average between

FY2021 and FY2030Promoting wood and woody biomass useGlobal warming countermeasures in the fisheries sectorMeasures for energy conservation and GHG emissionreduction for fishing vessels Replacement of conventional fishing vessels

with energy-efficient models

2020 19.8%Government's Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures2030 29.7%

Energy conservation measures for fishing ports andfishing grounds

Establishing an efficient collection and shipping system at fishing ports serving as distribution bases; promoting theintroduction of equipment and machinery with high energy efficiency; promoting development of fish reefs

Basic Policy for Promoting Development of Fishing Ports and Fishing GroundsLong-term Plan for Development of Fishing Ports and Fishing Grounds

Conservation and creation of seaweed bedsPromotion of development of seaweed beds

Cross-sectoral measuresPromotion of the use of biomass Amount of biomass used 2025 Approx. 26 million t-C Basic Plan for the Promotion

of Biomass Utilization(Government's Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures)

Formulation of plans forpromoting the use of biomass

Prefecture 2025 47 Municipality 2025 600

Promotion of the introduction of renewable energy inrural communities

Scale of biomass industry

2025 500 billion yen(Government's Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures)

Percentage of electricity output by smallhydroelectric generation with the use ofagricultural irrigation facilities in the totalelectricity output used for irrigation drainage

2020 Approx. 30% or more

Long-term Plan of Land Improvement(Government's Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures)

Amount of use of fuel wood (domestic wood)2020 6 million m3 Forest and Forestry Basic

Plan2025 8 million m3

Promotion of the J-Credit Scheme Increasing the number of projects in the AFF sector that participate in the J-Credit Scheme; and promoting the visibility of CO2 emissions in the AFF sector

Government's Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures

Measures under the MAFF's initiativeGHG emission reduction in MAFF's work and projects

GHG emissions2020 43,860 t-CO2

10% reduction from the2013 level

MAFF's Action Plan(Government's Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures)2030 29,627 t-CO2

40% reduction from theFY2013 level

(Reference) Relationship between the Government's Targets under the Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures, and the Targets in the AFF Sector

[Emission reduction measures]

Replace conventional fishing vessels with energy-efficient ones

Energy conservation measures for fishing vesselsReduction targets for FY2030:162,000 tons of CO2

GHG emission reduction measures for greenhouse horticulture and agricultural machinery

• Introduction of energy-efficient greenhouse horticulture facilities

• Dissemination of energy-efficient agricultural machinery<Dissemination of heat pumps and other energy-

efficient facilities, and GPS guidance>

Reduction targets for FY2030:Greenhouse horticulture: 1.24 million tons of CO2Agricultural machinery: 1,300 tons of CO2

Reduction targets for FY2030:CH4: 640,000 to 2,430,000 tons of CO2N2O: 102,000 tons of CO2

GHG emission reduction measures for agricultural soil

<Fertilization guidance based on soil test>

<Introduction of energy-efficient outboard engine,

LED fish-luring lumps, etc.>

[Removals]Forest carbon sinks measures

• Sound forest management• Proper management and conservation of protection

forests• Fostering efficient and stable forestry management entities• Promoting wider participation of citizens in forest

management activities• Promoting wood and woody biomass use

Measures for agricultural soil carbon sinks

• Promotion of carbon storage in cropland and grassland by encouraging farmers to apply compost and green manure Recalcitrant soil organic carbon

Reduction target for FY2030: 6.96 million to8.9 million tons of CO2

Application of compost

Emission reduction target for FY2030* 26.0% reduction (compared to FY2013)

23.4% reduction through emission reduction measures(including 0.2% reduction in the AFF sector)

2.0% reduction through removal by forests

0.6% reduction through removal by agricultural soil

2.8% reduction through measures in the AFF sector

2013年度

(H25年度)2030年度

1.042 billion tons of CO2

Target for FY2030

Total emission in FY2013

1.408 billion tons of CO2

* Not including emission reductionsequivalent to the expected amountof increase in emissions due toeconomic growth and otherfactors in and after the benchmarkyear.

Government's mid-term targets under the Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures

Targets and measures in the AFF sector

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• Reduction of CH4 emissions by composting rice straw instead of incorporating into paddy fields• Reduction of N2O through optimization of fertilization

Reduction target for FY2030: 27.8 million tons of CO2

(Reference) Outline of Global Warming Countermeasures (mitigation/adaptation) in the AFF Sector

MAFF Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures (mitigation measures)

MAFF Climate Change Adaptation Plan (adaptation measures)

Measures targeting climate changes that have already caused damage with a significant impact on society and economy Deterioration in quality of rice and fruits, expansion of areas

affected by disease, pest and weed, and response to natural disasters

Promotion of efforts of communities to cope with an impact that has not surfaced

Impact of climate changes

Impact on the natural environmentImpact on the human societyDamage to agricultural crops

Use of opportunities brought about by climate changes Promotion of replacement of conventionally grown varieties with

subtropical or tropical fruitsInternational cooperation for adaptation to climate changes

Promote these measures in an integrated manner

Promote global warming countermeasures in the AFF sector comprehensively and strategically

Measures for GHG emission reduction and carbon sinks Agricultural sector

(Measures for greenhouse horticulture, agricultural machinery, livestock, agricultural soil carbon sinks)

Food sector Forest carbon sinks measures Fisheries sector Cross-sectoral measures

(Use of biomass, introduction of renewable energy, etc.)Research and technology development Development of technologies for reducing GHG emissions Promotion of application of research achievementsInternational cooperation Response to reduction of emissions from deforestation and

forest degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries

Promotion of international collaborative research on reduction of GHG emissions

Cooperation with international organizations

Promotion of study and technology development for impact assessment Promotion of research and technology development in areas that

remain to be clarified

Cooperation through carrying out collaborative research and sharing scientific findings

International cooperation by way of contributions to international organizations

Technical assistance

Changes in climate elements

Temperature rises, changes in rainfall patterns, water level rises, ocean acidification, etc.

Increase of GHG emissions

• CO2 emission due to the use of fossil fuel

• CH4 and N2O emissions from agricultural soil

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